Ama-anyanisi asetshalwe engadini ngayinye yemifino, ngoba isetshenziswa cishe kuzo zonke izitsha. Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukutshala, khona-ke udinga ukwazi kusengaphambili ukuthi yikuphi ubunzima ozobhekana nakho kulokhu nokuthi ungabhubhisa kanjani noma ubalekele. Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka ukuthi izifo nezinambuzane zithinteka kanjani anyanisi ( anyanisi , ama-leeks, i-batoon nabanye), nokuthi ungayiphilisa kanjani uma usulelekile.
Izifo ze-anyanisi kanye nokwelashwa kwazo
I-Peronosporoz
Izifo ezivamile kakhulu anyanisi yi-peronosporosis (downy isikhutha).
- Izimpawu: ukubonakala kwamabala okukhanya kanye ne-plaque elihlabayo emigqumeni namaqabunga esihlahla, okube sekuba mnyama.
- Ukwelapha: ungafafaza nge-sulfate yethusi, i-chloride yethusi, i-Bordeaux liquid noma i-HOM, kodwa awukwazi ukuyidla. Kungcono ukumba izitshalo ezithathelwanayo bese utshala abanye endaweni entsha.
- Ukuvimbela: Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela lesi sifo ngokushisa u-anyanisi (imbewu noma ukuhlwanyela) ekushiseni okungenani + 40 ° C, futhi ugweme ukuqina kwezinto ezitshalayo, ukwenza uthuli lwazo ngokhuni nokubhubhisa ngokuphelele izitshalo emva kokuvuna.
Lesi sifo singabamba ngisho no-anyanisi eside-i-bat-bone, eyaziwa ngokumelene nezifo ezihlukahlukene.
UMose
Lesi sifo segciwane sibonakala lapho sikhula anyanisi . Ngenxa yokutheleleka, amaqhwa aphuzi avela emaqabunga, futhi wona ngokwawo ahlala ephahleni, isitshalo siphula kakhulu noma sifa.
Awukwazi ukuphulukisa umongo, ungavimbela kuphela lesi sifo. Abathengisi beli gciwane yizibungu kanye nama-aphid, ngakho-ke izinyathelo zokuvimbela zifakaza ngezinambuzane ezibulala lezi zinambuzane.
Ukuguqula phansi (fusariosis)
Ukuchaza lesi sifo kungenzeka ekugcineni kwe-yellowed futhi omisiwe amaqabunga, ukubola kwezimpande kanye ne-bulb esithambile ye-ampu. Ukuze uyivimbele, kufanele usebenzise izinto zokutshala okunempilo, futhi uhlise kahle ama-bulb ngemuva kokuvuna futhi uhambisane nayo yonke imithetho yokugcina.
Ngaphezu kwezifo ezibalwe, u-anyanisi nazo zitholakala:
- ukubola kwesibeletho;
- isikhunta esimnyama;
- i-bacteriosis (ukubola kwebhaktheriya);
- ukugqwala.
Izinambuzane eziyingozi u-anyanisi
Phakathi kwezinambuzane, kubangela ukulimala okukhulu ekuvuniwe anyanisi, ikakhulukazi i-anyanisi fly, i-anyanisi inundu kanye ne-stem nematode.
- I-anyanisi iyahamba - ngemva kokunqotshwa kwalezi zinambuzane, ukumelela amathiphu amaqabunga nokubola kwe-bulb kwenzeka. Ikakhulukazi kuyingozi u-anyanisi. Uma uthola amathrekhi akhe ahlala embhedeni, kufanele uwathulule ngesisombululo se-salin etafuleni (ama-250 amagremu ngalinye ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi) noma ufafaze uthuli noma upelevu. Ukuze umesabe, ungafaka u-anyanisi wegwayi noma izaqathe.
- I-anyanisi inundu - ishintshwe kakhulu yizinhlobonhlobo ze anyanisi ezitshalwe ukuze zisetshenziswe njengemifino (ama-leeks, ithusi, ama-shallots), ngoba izibungu zalo zidla ingaphakathi lemanzi lezimpaphe. Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, kunconywa ukuba ufafaze imibhede ngothuli nokuthuza ugwayi kanye ngesonto noma ukuwahambisa ngezixazululo. Kudingeka futhi ukushintsha isayithi lokufika, ukufaka umquba,
yenza ukumba kwenhlabathi futhi ubhubhise ngokuphelele izinsalela zokutshala ekwindla. - I-stem nematode iyinkathazo ehlala emhlabathini. Ukuze ugweme ukungcoliswa nayo, indaba yokutshala kufanele iphathwe: efudumele amahora angu-12 ekushiseni okungaba ngu-50 ° C noma ungene emanzini anosawoti amahora angu-48. Kubuye kudingekile ukuhambisana nokushintshanisa kwezitshalo, ukuchitha njalo umhlabathi wesayithi nokuvuna izinsalela zezitshalo zemifino kusuka emibhedeni.
Ukwazi ukuthi yini, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthi ungalwela kanjani uma ukhula anyanisi, ungathola isivuno esihle.