I-psychopathological syndrome ye-catatonia (kusukela esiGrekini "ukudonsa, uhlobo") lwachazwa okokuqala ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye. umqondo wezifo zengqondo waseJalimane uKar Ludwig Kalbaum. Wazikhethela futhi wazifunda njengengqondo yokuzimela, kodwa abalandeli baseKalbum baqala ukubheka i-catatonia njenge-schizophrenia.
Kuyini i-catatonia?
Ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo yalesi sifo kungukuthi ukuphazamiseka kwezimoto - ukuqhuma, ukuziphatha okungenangqondo noma ukukhathazeka. Ukucindezeleka ngethoni ye-muscle kungahlotshaniswa nokulimala kobuchopho (ngenxa yokushaywa yisisu, isisu, isifo se-Tourette, izifo ze-somatic nezimo, ukuthatha imithi ethile, izidakamizwa, njll). I-Psychosis ibuye ibonakale njengesibonakaliso sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuhlukahlukene. Kwezinye iziguli akunakwenzeka ukubona izimbangela ze-syndrome.
I-Catatonia yisifo esibangela izingxabano phakathi kwabachwepheshe abavela emhlabeni wonke. Isizathu esiqondile sokwemvelaphi yaso asikaziwa, futhi kunamaphuzu kuphela. Ngakho-ke, ukubukeka kwesifo kungenxa yokuthi:
- ukuntuleka kwe-cortex ye-cerebral ye-gamma-aminobutyric acid;
- ukuvinjelwa ngokungazelelwe ebuchosheni be-hormone ye-dopamine;
- umsebenzi owandayo wezinhlelo ze-serotonergic nezokucholinergic (emva kokuyeka okungazelelwe kwe-clozapine);
- ukuvela kwesenzo sokuziphendukela kwemvelo sokwesaba;
- ukuphazanyiswa kwamabhomu amabili emzimbeni we-lobes ngaphambili kanye ne-thalamus.
I-catatonic syndrome
Isimo se-catatonia sihlanganisa ukuphazamiseka kwezimoto, ngezinye izikhathi kuhlangene ne-delirium, i-hallucinations, ukudideka kokuqaphela kanye nezinye izifo ezibangelwa yi-psychopathological. Ukuxilongwa kwalesi sifo kusungulwa ngokucabangela umlando, izimpawu zomtholampilo, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nemiphumela yocwaningo. Isazi sezifo zengqondo kufanele sithole ukuthi isifo esiyinkimbinkimbi esabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo. Lesi simo singatholakala uma okungenani ezimbili zezibonakaliso zayo ziphindaphindiwe njalo emavikini amabili.
Izimpawu ze-cataton
Isifo se-catatonic sithinta abantu banoma yikuphi ubudala - izingane kanye nabantu abadala (ikakhulukazi eminyakeni engama-50). Esikhathini sokuqala, lesi sifo sithatha uhlobo lokuziphatha okudliwayo kanye nezindlela zokuhamba ngezinyawo: izenzo ezingenangqondo noma ezithandekayo, izintuthwane, i-mutism, njll. Kulabo abaneminyaka engu-16 kuya ku-30 ubudala, ukubonakaliswa kwe-cataton kufinyelela ngamandla amakhulu. Izimpawu zokugula kwabesifazane eminyakeni engama-40 kuya ku-55 zingase ziphuthelwe ngokungahambi kahle: ukukhuluma okubonakalayo nokukhuluma, ukuziphatha kwezemidlalo, njll. Ezimweni eziningi, i-symptomatology ye-syndrome yile ndlela elandelayo:
- ukulandelana - iziguli ziphindaphinda ngokuphindaphindiwe, ukunyakaza;
- ama-echosymptoms - ukuphindaphinda kweminye imisho nemagama;
- ukungathandabuzi okungahambi kahle noma okusebenzayo - ukwehluleka ukugcwalisa izicelo noma ukuguqula izenzo);
- i-stupor kanye ne-catalepsy-iqhubekela esimweni esingavamile.
Ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo kungase kubonise izimpawu ezinjengoba injabulo ehlala njalo, ukuzizwa komuntu kumuntu noma isihloko esifanayo, ukuvota, ukuthula okuphelele (mutism) noma ukukhuluma okungenakukhuluma, ukumelana kwamasipha, isibonakaliso "somsila womoya" (umuntu ulele endaweni engakhululekile ikhanda lakhe liphakanyisiwe), amehlo avulekile, i-reflex yokubamba.
Izifo ze-cataton
Isimo esiyisisekelo se-catatonia siwuphawu lwe-muscle ye-hypertension nokuthula. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zalesi simo: i-cataleptic stupor, i-negativistic ne-numbness. Iziguli zingakwazi ukugcina isikhundla esithile somzimba noma ubuso besbuso kusuka emahoreni ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Ukuziphatha okuncane kakhulu kwe-catatonic kubambezeleka emsebenzini wezimoto, lapho isikhundla somzimba ngokuvamile kungavamile noma akufanelekile. Ukusabela okuguquguqukayo kwesifo esifanayo - ukunyakaza nokunyakaza okungenalutho, hhayi okuhlobene nemvelo.
Ukuqubuka kwamathambo
Uma isiguli siselula, sisebenza futhi senza izenzo ezinenjongo futhi ezingenhloso, kukhona ukufutheka kwe-cataton, izimpawu zazo ezingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili. Indlela yokukhathazeka ibonakala ngokuthuthukiswa kancane kancane, futhi akukhulunywa kakhulu: iqala ngokushintsha isimo sengqondo, ukuziphatha okungalungile, inkulumo ekhungathekile. Uhlobo lwesibili lokuvuselela luyisisindo, lapho ukuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo kwezimpawu kuyisici. Isiguli senza ngokuhlukumezayo, ngenkuthalo, ngokuqhubekayo, ngenani elikhulu lobukhulu, singalimaza yena nabanye; izenzo zakhe ziyingozi.
Schizophrenia ye-Cataton
Okungajwayelekile, okunzima futhi, njengokungathi umthetho, ukugula kwengqondo okungelapheki kuyindlela ye-catatonic ye-schizophrenia. Kwenzeka ngamaphesenti amancane (1-3) we-schizophrenics. Isifo sithinta yonke imisebenzi yomzimba, futhi ukwephulwa okukhulu kwesistimu yezimoto kubonakala. Iziguli ze-Cataton zihlala endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside, ngisho noma zingenakwenzeka kusukela ekubukeni komuntu ojwayelekile (emi emlenzeni owodwa noma ekhulisa ingalo phezulu). Izimpawu eziqondile ze-catatonic schizophrenia yiyona yokushintshwa kwe-stupor kanye nenjabulo.
Ukwethuka kwe-cataton
Okokuqala, i-catatonic schizophrenia ibonakala ngengozi yokusebenza engasebenzi kahle. Kodwa ngezinye izibonakaliso: i-paranoid, i-hallucinations, njll. Esikhathini esilandelayo sesifo, ukulimala okukhulu kwezenhlalakahle kuyaqala. I-delirium ye-cataton, njengombuso, iyenzeka nge-cataleptic stupor, lapho isiguli sishaya isikhathi eside, asiphenduli isikhalazo esikhulu kuye futhi siyatholakala ukuze kukhulunywe ngokuthula.
I-Catatonia ngaphandle kwefu lokuqwashisa ibizwa ngokuthi i-lucid. Cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi iqala schizophrenia. Ifomu le-ineridis lesi sifo lihambisana nokuphulwa kokubonakaliswa kwezwe langempela, ukungahambisani nokucabanga, ukuphazanyiswa, i-amnesia (ephelele noma eyingxenye). Abanye odokotela bacabanga ukuthi i-catatonia ye-oneiroid iyindlela evelele kakhulu kunoma yikuphi ukuhlaselwa kwesisindo. I-catatonic syndrome yalolu hlobo iphakama ngokuzenzekelayo.
Isimo se-Cataton
I-Oyneroid syndrome iveza ukungafihli komqondo wesiguli ngokuhlangenwe nakho okufana nephupho, ukuguquka okubukhali kwemizwelo kanye nokudideka okukhulunywa ngakho. Iphupho le-cataton ligcwele okuhlangenwe nakho okumangalisayo nokuhlekisayo okuhlangenwe nakho. Bangakwazi ukungenelela ngeqiniso. Isiguli sihlanganyele esimweni esiqanjiwe, kukhona ukukhathazeka emkhathini ikakhulukazi "Mina". Kukhona ukuguquka okusheshayo kokuthakazelisa ukuqhuma.
Ukucindezeleka kwe-Cataton
I-catatonic syndrome iqala kokubili ngokuzimela futhi kanye nezinye izinkinga zemizwelo. Ngokuvamile lesi sifo sihambisana nokucindezeleka, okuqinisa izibonakaliso ze-catatonia. Isibonelo, isiguli esise-stupor singasishiya isikhathi eside kakhulu, sibone ubuhlungu ngisho nokususa umunwe - kokubili ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo. Umbuso ocindezelayo uba imbangela yendawo ephelele yesiguli.
Catatonia ebulalayo
Kukhona uhlobo oluthile lwe-schizophrenia, olubhekene nokuqala okusheshayo, ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo, ukuvusa okunamandla kwe-catatonic, ukukhuphuka komzimba komzimba, ukuguqulwa kwamangqamuzana angaphansi kwegazi kanye nokuguqulwa kwamathambo ohlelweni lwe-hematopoietic, ukuthuthukiswa kokukhathala kanye ne-coma. Elinye igama lesi sifo yi-schizophrenia e-hypertoxic. Ukuchazwa kwe-syndrome akubi, nakuba i-catatonia ebulalayo ingaphathwa.
I-Catatonia - ukwelashwa
Umuntu otholakala ene-catatonia akakwazi ukuhanjiswa ekwelashweni ngaphambi kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okubangela ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo. Ucwaningo oluthile kufanele luqhutshwe ukuze lungabandakanyi ezinye izimbangela zezinzwa futhi uthole izimo eziphazamisayo ze-catatonia. Uma i-catatonia iqala ngesisekelo schizophrenia nanoma yikuphi ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, ukwelashwa kufanele kuqale ngokukhulula isiguli sezibonakaliso zezifo. Isiguli sigcinwa njalo kudokotela, sifakwa esibhedlela.
I-catatonic stupor ekuhluphekeni idinga ukubhekana nezigaba eziningana zokwelapha. Esigabeni sokuqala, isiguli sinikezwa ukulinganisa okungadingekile kwe-caffeine nesisombululo se-10% se-barbamyl. Uma izinqubo zezimoto zivuselelwa, ukuphathwa kwezidakamizwa kuphelile. Ukwelashwa okuphumelela kakhulu kuhamba ngosizo lwe-ECT - ukwelashwa kwe-electroconvulsive kanye namalungiselelo e-benzodiazepine. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokusebenzisa ukuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound isiguli sihlolwe njalo ukuze sinqume izigaba zokuthola kwakhe.
Kunezimbangela eziningi ze-catatonic syndrome, enquma ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo. Emkhakheni wamanje wezokuthuthukiswa kwemithi, lesi simo somqondo we-psychopathological akuyona isinqumo. Ukuphulukiswa ngokomzimba kungabizwa ngokuthi iziguli ezingama-40%. Ezimweni eziningi, ochwepheshe bayaphumelela ukufezekisa ukukhululwa okuphelele noma ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo esimweni sesiguli.