Umdlavuza we-bowel yisifo esivame ukukhanya ngezigaba kamuva, okuyinto engalungile. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yini lokhu okuphathelene nokugula okuhlobene nayo, ukuthi umuntu angasola kanjani ukuthuthukiswa kwayo, ukuze avimbele imiphumela embi ngesikhathi.
Izimbangela zomdlavuza wamathumbu
Isayensi yezokwelapha ayisazi ukuthi yiziphi izinqubo emzimbeni yindlela yokwenza isisu esibi emathangeni wamathumbu. Kulesi simo, izici eziningana ziyaziwa, lapho kukhona eyodwa noma ngaphezulu lapho i-oncology yamathumbu iqala khona:
- izifo ezivuthayo nezifo zesisu zokugaya, ezibhekwa njengeziphambene (polyps, adenoma, izilonda zesilonda, ukuguguleka komzimba, isifo soCrohn, isifo se-celiac , njll);
- ukudla okunomsoco (ukusabalala kwimenyu ethosiwe, amafutha, i-peppery, izitsha zokubhema, inqwaba yenyama, ukusetshenziswa okunganele kwemikhiqizo yezitshalo, njll);
- ukuphathwa kabi kotshwala;
- ukubhema;
- ukuqunjelwa okungapheli ;
- ukungena kwama-carcinogens emzimbeni ngokudla;
- ukukhuluphala;
- ukuntuleka komsebenzi wemoto;
- ukutholakala kwezakhi zofuzo (uma izihlobo eziseduze zitholwa ukuthi unesifo somdlavuza wamathumbu, ikakhulukazi eneminyaka engu-45).
Umdlavuza wamathumbu ubonakala kanjani?
Izimpawu zomdlavuza wegciwane, izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo azibalulekile futhi aziveki, ngokuvamile zikhumbuza ezinye izifo eziningi zesimiso sokugaya. Kuzokwelapha, izimpawu zomdlavuza wamathumbu zihlukaniswe zibe ama-syndromes ahlukene nalezi zibonakaliso ezilandelayo eziyinhloko:
1. I-Toxic-anemic, ehlotshaniswa nokuphula ubuqotho be-mucosa emathunjini nokungena kwe-toxins emzimbeni ukuya ekuphumeni kwegazi okuphelele:
- ukukhathala okusheshayo;
- ubuthakathaka;
- ubuhlungu ekhanda;
- ubuhlungu emajoyini;
- izinguquko enhliziyweni kanye nesimiso sokuphefumula;
- ukwanda kancane ekushiseni komzimba;
- ukwehla kwe- hemoglobin egazini .
2. I-entocolitis, ebangelwa izinqubo zokuvuvukala emathunjini:
- isifo sohudo noma ukuqotshwa;
- ubuhlungu esiswini emva kokudla;
- Ukuba khona okungcolile kumfucuza okuhlanjululwayo, igazi eligazini noma elimangcwaba;
- flatulence.
3. I-Dyspeptic, ehambisana nokuphazamiseka kwemisebenzi yamathumbu kanye nemetastasis esibindi:
- isicanucanu, ukuhlanza;
- ukuqhutshwa, okuvezwe yiphunga elimnandi;
- ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu;
- izinkinga zesitoreji.
4. I-Obturation, ephawulwe ngesikhathi se-metastasis nokubunjwa kokubambezela okuvuthayo esifundeni sezinambuzane:
- ukuzwa njalo kwesisindo esiswini;
- ubuhlungu esiswini emva kokudla;
- ukuqotshwa isikhathi eside, lapho izilonda ezingekho usizo.
5. Amaphutha-ukuvuvukala, avela kumathisethasi ezithombeni ezikude:
- ubuhlungu obukhulu esiswini;
- flatulence;
- ukuqotshwa;
- indwangu enezingcola ezingcolile;
- Izimpawu zelungu eliye lahlelwa kabusha.
Umdlavuza wesisu - izimpawu ezisezingeni lokuqala
Umdlavuza we-bowel, izimpawu zokuqala ezivezwa ngazo kancane, zenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile, ngakho-ke azijwayele ukuxwayisa isiguli futhi baphoqeleka ukuya kudokotela. Ukuze ungalokothi ulahlekelwe ukuqala kwenqubo ye-pathological, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele izibonakaliso ezilandelayo zokuqala zomdlavuza wesisu:
- Umswakama emdlavuza wamathumbu wezinambuzane uqukethe imithanjeni yegazi noma i-suppositories ye-mucocutaneous;
- ubuhlungu emdlalweni wesifo sofuba buhlala endaweni esiswini futhi buhlinzekwe emhlane osephansi, i-perineum;
- ubuthakathaka obungabonakali, ukukhathala, ukufisa ukudla.
I-Cancer emathunjini amakhulu - izimpawu nezimpawu
Uma kunomdlavuza emathunjini amakhulu, i.e. i-tumor ibonakala ezindongeni zekoloni, okulandelayo kungenzeka:
- izihlalo ezixekethile;
- isifiso esingenakukhiqiza sokuhlonza;
- ubuhlungu obukhulu noma obuhlungu endaweni engaphansi kwesokudla noma kwesobunxele;
- ukubhuqa.
I-Cancer emathunjini amancane - izimpawu nokubonakaliswa
I-Cancer emathunjini amancane itholakale kaningi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane. Ngokuvamile, i-pathology iyatholakala kwiziguli ezikhulile. Umdlavuza wezimpawu ezincane zamathumbu uvame ukulandelayo:
- ubuhlungu obukhulu besifunda se-epigastric;
- isicashunwe esiqhubekayo;
- ubuhlungu ku-anus ngesikhathi sokuhlukunyezwa;
- ukuhlanza njalo.
Izigaba zesifo somdlavuza
Ekuthuthukiseni umdlavuza wezinyosi, ochwepheshe baveza izigaba eziningana ezenzelwe ukwanda kwezibonakaliso zempilo:
- Isiteji esingu-0 - ukubonakala kwamathisini omzimba we-mucosal we-intestine yenani elincane lamaseli angama-atypical ahlukanisa ngokushesha futhi angahle abe ngamaseli amabi;
- Isigaba 1 - isisu esincane esisezindongeni zamathumbu (kumcengezi womswakama noma omncane), i-lymph nodes ayithintekile, azikho izidakamizwa;
- Isigaba sesibili - i-neoplasm ifinyelela ubukhulu buka-2 - 5 cm futhi ithinta zonke izendlalelo zodonga lwamathumbu emathunjini, ama-metastases awaqapheliswanga, ama-lymph nodes aseduze angathinteka;
- Isigaba sesi-3 - isisu esibi kakhulu sidlulela ngaphezu kwamathumbu, sihlupha izitho kanye nezicubu eziseduze, noma sithatha ingxenye enkulu yezingxenyana, ukukhula ngaphakathi, izakhi zamagciwane ezizungezile ziyathinteka;
- Isigaba sesi-4 - umdlavuza wamathumbu wezinambuzane ubhekene namastastast distant (ngokuvamile esesibindi, amaphaphu), isisu sikhulu kakhulu.
Ukuhlolisisa umdlavuza wesifuba
Uma kukhona ukusola komdlavuza wamathumbu, i-anamnesis iqoqiwe, i-palpation yesisu kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-digital kwesimo se-rectum. Lezi yizici zokuqala zokuxilonga ezitholakala kakade ekutholeni okuyinhloko udokotela. Emva kwalokhu, isiguli sithola ukudluliselwa kwezinye zezifundo ezilandelayo:
- sigmoidoscopy ;
- i-rectoscopy;
- ikholonoscopy ;
- I-Irrigoscopy ;
- I-Ultrasound yesigxobo sesisu;
- i-computer ne-magnontic resonance imaging of organes digestive;
- i-fibrocolonoscopy;
- i-fluoroscopy yesikhumba esiswini nesibindi;
- I-Laparoscopy.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzodingeka ukuthi uhlole ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngomdlavuza wesifuba, kufaka phakathi amasampula emakhansela omdlavuza (ngokuba khona kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza egazini) kanye nokucwaninga kwamathambo okuba khona kwezinhlayiya zegazi. Uma ukuxilongwa kuqinisekisiwe ukucacisa isigaba sesifo kanye nokukhethwa kwamaqhinga okulashwa, i-biopsy yamathisini emathumbu ayenziwa, kulandelwa ukuhlolwa kwe-hertological and cytological.
Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesilonda
Ukubuza mayelana nendlela yokuphulukisa umdlavuza wamathumbu, isiguli, okokuqala, kufanele sithinte ukulwa nesifo futhi ukholelwe emiphumeleni ephumelelayo. Isisekelo sokwelashwa yisisetshenziswa sokuhlinzwa sokususa isisu esinomdlavuza esilandelwa yi-chemotherapy noma i-radiotherapy. Ezingenakulungiswa, uma isisu sikhule kakhulu futhi sathinta izicubu nezitho eziseduze, ukwelashwa okuyisimiso kunqunyelwe ukuthuthukisa isimo sesiguli kanye ne-chemotherapy ukuze unciphise ubukhulu be-metastasis.
I-Chemotherapy yomdlavuza wamathumbu
Uma ucabangela indlela yokwelapha umdlavuza wamathumbu kumzimba ngamunye, udokotela ucabangela izici ezihlukahlukene: izinga lokulimala kanye nemetastasis, iminyaka yesiguli, izifo ezithintekayo, njll. I-Chemotherapy ivame ukwenza ngaphambi noma emva kokuhlinzwa, izidakamizwa zilawulwa ngokuyinhloko. Imithi eyinhloko esetshenziswe ngu-5-fluorouracil. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izidakamizwa ze-cytostatic noma izinhlanganisela zayo zingahle zenziwe: i-capecitabine, i-irinotecan, i-topotecan, njll. Amanani nezinhlobo ze-chemotherapy ziyahlukahluka.
Ukusebenza emdlalweni wesilonda
Ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kuhilela inqubo yokuhlinza, njengokuncintisana kwamathumbu - ukususwa kwe-tumor kanye nengxenye ethintekile yelungu. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngokufanayo, ukususwa kwe-lymph nodes eyonakaliswe ama-cell cells, izicubu ezinamafutha. Ukusebenza kungenziwa ngendlela yendabuko, noma ngokusebenzisa ama-punctures amancane emgodini wesisu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokususwa, umese we-radiosurgical ngezinye izikhathi usetshenziswa. Ngesayizi encane ye-tumor, ukuphela kokusebenza kwe-transanal endoscopic kusebenza ku-rectum.
Kumele kuqondwe ukuthi akunakwenzeka kuzo zonke izimo ukucacisa ngokunembile ubukhulu be-neoplasm kanye nenani lamathambo asusiwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinyathelo eziningi zokuhlinzeka zivame ukudingeka. Lapho kuvela i-foci yesibili, ukuqedwa kwabo kukhishwa. Uma ama-metastases aphazamisa isibindi, i-cryotherapy noma i-laser therapy ngezinye izikhathi kwenziwa ukuze kususwe izicubu zesisu.
Ukudla ngomdlavuza wesisu
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukulwa nesifo esiyingozi, ukujwayela kokusebenza kwesimiso sokugaya ukudla, ukufaniswa kokudla, ukungena kwezakhi zomzimba, kubalulekile ukulungisa kahle ukudla okunomdlavuza emathunjini emathunjini. Akubalulekile nje kuphela ukudla okudla, kodwa futhi nokudla kokudla, imithetho yokudla ukudla. Ngakho-ke, iziguli ziboniswa ukudla okweqhekeko kaningi ngezikhathi ezithile (amahora angu-2-3), ngokucophelela, ukuhlaziya okuncane kancane ngaphambi kokungenisa. Ukudla kumele kufudumele, kulungiswe kabusha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele uphuze amanzi amaningi.
Izitsha ezilandelayo, ezilungiselelwe indlela yokubilisa, isobho, ukucutshungulwa kwe-steam, ziyasiza:
- isobho semifino;
- izinhlanzi ezinomzimba nenyama;
- iphalenda;
- imifino, izithelo, amajikijolo;
- Izitsha ezinobisi omuncu obuphansi;
- imikhiqizo ye-macaroni kusuka ngesikolweni sesikhathi eside, njll.
I-Contraindicated:
- konke okunamafutha, okuthosiwe, okubhema, okushisayo;
- utshwala;
- amafishi amasha;
- ukudla okusemathinini;
- ukukhethwa;
- ikhofi, i-cocoa, itiye eliqinile;
- ushokoledi;
- imikhiqizo ye-confectionery ne-fatty creams;
- ubisi lonke, njll
Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamathumbu ngamakhambi abantu
Indlela yokuphatha umdlavuza wekoloni ngamakhambi omuntu, kunolwazi oluningi olusuka kumakhemikhali owaziwayo nabalandeli bezinye izindlela zokwelashwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokwelashwa okunjalo, umuntu kufanele aqaphele ukuthi umdlavuza awukwazi ukunqotshwa kuphela ngemithi yomdabu. Izindlela ezinjalo zingasetshenziswa kuphela njengomsizi ngemvume yodokotela oya khona. Nansi enye yezindlela zokupheka ezihloselwe ukuqinisa ingculazi, ukucindezela ukuhlukaniswa kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza, ukuvimbela ukudliwa.
Ukuphulukisa i-decoction
Izithako:
- I-Licorice impande eyomile echotshoziwe - ithebula eli-1. isipuni;
- amanzi - ingilazi eyodwa.
Ukulungiselela nokusebenzisa:
- Thela izinto eziwusizo ngamanzi abilayo.
- Faka emanzini okugezela ngekota yehora.
- Ukuphikelela imizuzu engu-40.
- Ukucindezeleka, okupholile, engeza amanzi kumthamo wokuqala wamanzi.
- Thatha isipuni imizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kokudla kathathu ngosuku.
Umdlavuza wesisu - ukubikezela
Iziguli ezadingeka zizwe kudokotela okunjalo, zinesithakazelo sokuthi zihlala zingakanani umdlavuza wamathumbu. Phendula ngokungaqondile lo mbuzo akunakwenzeka, ngoba. konke kuxhomeke eziningana zezici kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezimo. Ngokwezibalo, ngemuva kokuba umdlavuza wezinambuzane wesigaba sokuqala uphulukiswe, izinga leminyaka emihlanu lokusinda kweziguli lilinganiselwa ku-90%. Emdlavuza wesigaba sesibili, isibonakaliso sinciphisa sibe ngu-55-80%, okwesithathu - kuya ku-50%, okwesine kuya ku-1%. Kulokhu, amathuba okuphindaphinda iziguli ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu emva kokwelashwa komdlavuza kuncishisiwe.