I-psychotherapy yengqondo - izindlela nezindlela zokwelashwa kwezinkinga zobuntu

Ekuhlangenwe nakho kwabantu, ngokuvamile izihloko zokungathembeki, ukuqonda okubuhlungu kwezwe nokunganeliseki ngokwabo. I-psychotherapy engqondweni iyasiza ekuboneni izinkolelo ezibonakalayo ngokusebenza ngokucabanga nokufaka imicabango "engafanelekiyo" engalungile ngezinto ezinhle. Isiguli singumhlanganyeli osebenzayo ekwenzeni ukwelashwa.

Ukwelashwa kwengqondo - kuyini?

U-Aaron Beck, ongumhlengikazi waseMelika, oyedwa wabasunguli bomqondisi ngo-1954 uphenyo lokucindezeleka ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe-psychoanalysis, akatholanga imiphumela ethembekileyo ethembekile. Ngakho kwakukhona isiqondiso esisha sosizo lwe-psychotherapeutic ekuhlaselweni kwe-panic, ukuthunjwa, ukuxhomeka okuhlukahlukene. Ukwelashwa kwengqondo kuyindlela encane ehlose ukuqaphela amaphethini engqondo engafanele aholela umuntu ukuba ahlupheke futhi abuyele emicabangweni eyakhayo. Iklayenti ifunda umbono omusha, uqala ukukholelwa kuye futhi ucabange kahle.

Izindlela ze-psychotherapy engqondweni

I-psychotherapist iqala ukuxoxisana futhi isebenze ubudlelwane nesiguli ngokusebambisana. Uhlu lwezinkinga ezibhekiswe kulokhu lubekwe ngokubaluleka kwesiguli, imicabango ephutha ngokuzenzakalelayo ibonakala. Izindlela zokwelapha kwengqondo-yokuziphatha zibangelwa izinguquko ezinhle ezingeni elijulile, zifaka:

• ukulwa nemicabango yokuqondisa okungalungile ("akusize", "akusizi ngalutho", "akukho lutho ngalokhu oluzophuma luhle", "alufanelekile ukujabula");
• izindlela ezihlukile zokubona inkinga;
• ukucubungula noma ukuhlala okuhlangenwe nakho okudabukisayo okwenzeka esikhathini esidlule okuthinta okwamanje futhi hhayi isiguli ukuhlola ngokwanele iqiniso.

Izindlela ze-psychotherapy engqondweni

Udokotela uyagqugquzela isiguli ukuba iqhaza ngokuthelelekile ekwelapheni. Umgomo wezobuchwepheshe wokuletha iklayenti ukuthi akajabuli nezinkolelo zakhe zakudala kungenye indlela yokuqala ukucabanga ngendlela entsha, ukuthatha umthwalo wemicabango yakhe, isimo sakhe, ukuziphatha kwakhe. Umsebenzi wesikole. Ukwelashwa kwengqondo yokukhathazeka komuntu kufaka amasu amaningi:

1. Ukulandelela nokurekhoda imicabango engafanele, isimo sengqondo , uma kubalulekile ukwenza isenzo esithile esibalulekile. Isiguli sibhala ephepheni ukuze kuqala izinto eziza phakathi nesinqumo.
2. Ukugcina idayari . Phakathi nosuku, imicabango evame ukuphakama esigulini ibhaliwe. Idayari isiza ukugcina ithrekhi yemicabango ethinta inhlalakahle yakho.
3. Ihlola ukufakwa okungalungile kwesenzo . Uma isiguli sithi "akakwazi lutho," lo mchwepheshe ukhuthaza ukuba uqale amancane, izenzo eziphumelelayo, bese uqeda imisebenzi.
4. Catharsis . I-Technique yokuzizwa kwemizwelo evela kuhulumeni. Uma isiguli sidabukisayo, akazithembi, umelaphi usikisela ukuveza ukudabuka, isibonelo, ngokukhala.
5. Ukucabanga . Isiguli sesaba noma singaqiniseki ngamakhono akhe okwenza isenzo. Udokotela ubiza ukuthi ucabange futhi azame.
6. Indlela yamakholomu amathathu . Isiguli sibhala emakholomu: isimo sengqondo engalungile yokucabangela (emihle). Le nqubo iwusizo ekufundiseni ikhono lokungena emicabangweni emibi ngezinto ezinhle.
7. Irekhodi lezehlakalo zosuku . Isiguli singase sicabange ukuthi abantu bahlukumeze kuye. I-therapist inikeza ukugcina uhlu lokubheka, lapho ungafaka khona "+" "-", phakathi nosuku nokuxhumana ngalunye nabantu.

Ukwelashwa kwengqondo - ukuzivocavoca

Umphumela omuhle kanye nokuphumelela ekwelapheni kuqinisekiswa ngokulungisa amadivaysi amasha amakhi, imicabango. Iklayenti yenza umsebenzi wesikole kanye nokuzivocavoca ukuthi umhlinzeki uyomnika yona: ukuphumula, ukulandelela izenzakalo ezimnandi, ukufunda ukuziphatha okusha kanye namakhono okuguqula. Ukuzivocavoca kwengqondo yokuzicabangela kuyadingeka ezigulini ezinezinkathazo eziphezulu futhi esimweni sokucindezeleka okungazithokozisi. Ekusebenzeni "isithombe sakho" esifisa, umuntu uzama futhi azame ukuziphatha okuhlukahlukene.

Ukwelashwa kwengqondo ku-social phobia

Ukwesaba nokukhathazeka okukhulu okuvimbela umuntu ukufeza imisebenzi yakhe yomphakathi ngokujwayelekile. Ukuzibandakanyeka kuyinkinga evamile. I-psychotherapy engqondweni yokukhathazeka kobuntu emiphakathini yezenhlalakahle isiza ukukhomba "izinzuzo" zokucabanga okunjalo. Ukuzivocavoca kukhethwe ngezinkinga ezithile zesiguli: ukwesaba ukushiya indlu, ukwesaba ukukhuluma komphakathi nokunye.

Ukwelashwa kokuthembela kwengqondo

Ukuphuza utshwala, ukulutha izidakamizwa yizifo ezibangelwa isakhi sofuzo, ngezinye izikhathi kuyisibonelo sokuziphatha kwabantu abangakwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga futhi babone ukuhoxiswa kwezingxabano ekusebenziseni izinto eziphathekayo, kuyilapho bengasombulula izinkinga ngokwabo. I-psychotherapy yokuziphatha kwengqondo yokuzilahla ihlose ukukhomba izimbangela (izimo, abantu, imicabango) okubangela indlela yokusebenzisa. Ukwelashwa kwengqondo ngokuphumelelayo kusiza ukubhekana nemikhuba emibi ngokuqwashisa imicabango, ukusebenza ngezimo nokuziphatha okuguqukayo.

I-Treatment Behavioral Therapy - Amabhuku Angcono

Abantu abakwazi njalo ukucela usizo ochwepheshe. Amasu nezindlela ezaziwa ngabahlengikazi bangasiza ekuthuthukiseni indlela yokuxazulula izinkinga ezithile, kodwa ngeke zithathe isikhundla salolu dokotela. Ukwelashwa kwengqondo-yokuziphatha kwencwadi:

1. "Ukwelashwa kwengqondo yokucabangela" A. Beck, u-Arthur Freeman.
2. "I-psychotherapy engqondweni yokukhathazeka komuntu" A. Beck.
3. "Ukuqeqeshwa kwengqondo ngendlela ka-Albert Ellis" A. Ellis.
4. "Umkhuba wokwengqondo-we-psychotherapy wokuziphatha" A. U-Ellis.
5. "Izindlela zokwelapha ukuziphatha" V. Meier, E.Chesser.
6. "Ukuqondisa ukwelashwa kwengqondo-ukuziphatha" S. Kharitonov.