Ngokokuqala ngqa leli gama lisetshenziswa udokotela waseFrance uJanet emuva ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Lo mchwepheshe waphawula ukuthi kubantu abathile iqoqo leminye imibono lingase libe khona eceleni komuntu kanye nokuqonda kwakhe. Njengamanje, leli gama lichaza izici ezintathu eziyinhloko futhi isifundo sabo sasihilela izingqondo zengqondo kanye nezifo zengqondo.
I-dissociative identity disorder
Lesi simo sivela ezimbangela ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nokucindezeleka nokuhlangenwe nakho okubuhlungu. Ngokusho kocwaningo, ukungaziwa kwe-identity kwenzeka kumuntu omdala nasebuntwaneni, iziguli ezingaphezu kuka-90% zathi eminyakeni yokuqala zazingaphansi kobudlova, zazinakekelwa, azizwa zivikelwe. Ukukhombisa izimpawu zesifo akunakwenzeka ngokushesha, ngokuvamile ukuhlukumezeka, okuyindlela yokuqala kanye nokuqala kwezibonakaliso zesikhathi esikude kuya kude iminyaka engu-10-20. Ngakho-ke, abantu abadala bavame ukusiza.
I-dissociative personality disorder - izimpawu
Kunezibonakaliso eziningi zalesi sifo, kanti eziyinhloko ezivela kuhlu zihambisana nalabo abavela kwezinye izifo zengqondo. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukunquma i-dissociative syndrome ngokuzimela, udokotela kuphela ongenza ukuxilongwa okunembile, kodwa uhlu lwezimpawu lusadingeka ukwazi, ngokubanzi nangokuhlukana kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi kufanele ufune usizo ngokushesha. Kuyafaneleka ukulinda, uma umngane evele:
- I-memory dips noma i-amnesia ingenye yezinkomba ezicacile ze-dissociative disorder.
- Ukukhanda ikhanda, ukuzwa okungajabulisi emzimbeni, kodwa ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha akuzange kubonakalise izinkinga zomzimba.
- Ukuzenzekelayo. Umuntu ukhuluma ngaye ngokwakhe kumuntu wesithathu noma ngobuningi. Uxhumanisa ngokuzenzakalelayo izenzakalo zokuphila kwakhe kanye naye, uthi unomuzwa wokuthi ubukele ngaphandle, futhi akahlanganyeli kulo mcimbi.
- Isikhathi somsebenzi sithatha indawo yokungabi nandaba, ukunganaki nokungafuni ukushintsha okuthile.
- Ukwenza okuzenzakalelayo. Izinto ezijwayelekile, impahla kanye nabantu kubonakala kungajwayelekile, ngaphambilini kungabonakali.
I-multiple personality syndrome
Leli yigama lesibili lesi sifo, lisetshenziswe ngokweqile kakhulu, kepha lijwayele kakhulu kumadolobha amadolobha kunomthetho. Umuntu othakazelisayo kusho ukuthi umuntu unenqwaba engaphezu kweyodwa, kodwa amabili noma ngaphezulu. Okubaluleke kakhulu, okungukuthi, okukhona kusukela ekuqaleni, kunamaphethini awo okuziphatha, kodwa ukulawulwa kokuqaphela kanye nenkumbulo ngezikhathi ezithile ekuphileni. Ngakho-ke, kukhona ukwehluleka kulezi zinkumbulo, kule nkathi, umuntu ulawula i-ego yesibili.
I-dissociative amnesia
Lokhu akusikho ukukhohlwa okujwayelekile, okuyinto evamile. I-amnesia yengqondo ayibangelwa amaqiniso emvelo, ukubonakala kwayo kubangela isimo esibuhlungu esibhekene nokucindezeleka okukhulu. Esikhathini sokubonakaliswa kwesibonakaliso, umuntu akhumbuli izingxenye ezinkulu zokuphila kwakhe, akanakusho ukuthi ungubani, lokho akwenzayo. Ezimweni eziningana zemitholampilo, kuchazwa ukuthi isiguli asazi ukuthi kwenzekani kuye phakathi nesonto noma ngenyanga, izenzakalo zalesi sikhathi zisuswe ngokuphelele.
I-dissociative disorder ingabonakala ngezibonakaliso:
- umuntu akakwazi ukutshela lokho akwenzile amahora amaningana, lapho ayekhona;
- umngane uthi akabonanga muntu, kodwa abanye abantu bathi umhlangano wawukhona;
- umuntu ubiza izindawo ezaziwayo ngabantu abangabazi, abangajwayelekile, kubonisa ukuthi ukhona okokuqala, nakuba lokhu kungenjalo.
I-fugue ye-Psychogenic
Esinye isenzakalo esihlobene nalesi sifo. Uvela ekuthunyeleni okungalindelekile noma ekuguqulweni kokuhlala unomphela, ephelezelwa ukuhlukumeza okuphelele kobuntu bakhe, umuntu ushintsha igama lakhe, umsebenzi, imvelo yomphakathi. Izibonakaliso zangaphandle zokubonakala kwalesi senzakalo ziphelele kakhulu. Ukuze uqaphele ukuqala kokuguquka kokuziphatha ekuqaleni kwenqubo, kuphela umhlengikazi onolwazi olunzulu angasebenza. I-Amnesia ihambisana nesimo se-amnesia.
I-fugue yama-dissociative - izibonelo:
- Ngo-1887 umfundisi ogama lakhe linguBurn, wasusa zonke izimali zakhe ebhange, wangena esitokisini wahamba waya esiqondisweni esingaziwa. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, edolobheni elihluke ngokuphelele, umthengisi uBrown, wavuka phakathi nobusuku waqala ukubiza omakhelwane bekhala, wathi wayengumthengisi, wayengazi ukuthi ulapha kanjani. Kwakukhona ukuthi lokhu kuwukushisa, okwakungekho okwesikhashana.
- Ngo-1985, intatheli uRoberts yanyamalala ngokuzumayo. Ukusesha kwakhe kwaqhubeka iminyaka engu-12, ngemuva kwalokho watholakala e-Alaska, nakuba lona wesifazane ngokwakhe ethi igama lakhe linguDi, usebenza njengomklami futhi unezingane ezine. Kodwa izifo zengqondo zanquma ukuthi le ntombazane isesimweni se-fugue ne-amnesia.
Ukucindezeleka kwe-Dissociative
Umuntu akanandaba, akafuni ukwenza noma yini, wenqaba ukuthatha umthwalo wempilo yakhe. Ukuziphatha kwe-dissociative kubonakala ekuphazameni kokulala, izikhalazo zobusuku. Uma isimo sithatha amaviki angaphezu kuka-2-3, kufanele uthinte ngokushesha nodokotela wakho, ngokushesha lokhu kwenziwa, kuphakame amathuba okuthatha ngokushesha isimo esilawulwayo. Kubalulekile ukulandelela kanye nokuzimela kokuzibulala , nayo ingabonakaliswa.
I-dissociative stupor
Lokhu kwephulwa kwemishini imisebenzi, lokhu kuziphatha kubangelwa yizici zengqondo kuphela. Isimo se-dissociative sesiguli ngesikhathi sokukhuphula kulula ukuphawula, lo muntu ukhululeka esimweni esisodwa futhi akasabeleli kwisimo esisodwa sangaphandle. Uma ecasulayo, kufanele ubize i-ambulensi, ngeke ukwazi ukuletha othandekayo wakho, kodwa akazwa ubuhlungu.
Ukwelashwa kwe-dissociative ubuntu disorder
Namuhla isethi yamanyathelo isetshenziswa. Isiguli siyimithi enqunywe ukuthi ilawulwe yi-dissociative disorder ye-psyche, ungavumeli umuntu ukuba angene kwelinye izwe, abalekele kuye. Kanye nalezi zinyathelo, isiguli sivakashele umuthi, ngoba kubalulekile ukuba akhulume futhi aphinde acabangele isimo esibuhlungu esibangela ukuqala kwesifo.
I-dissociative disorder iphathwe isikhathi eside kakhulu, ngokuvamile inqubo ithatha iminyaka engu-3-5, kodwa ososayensi bahlakulela zonke izindlela ezintsha, ngakho-ke ithemba le-normalization elisheshayo lombuso landa njalo ngonyaka. Njengamanje, ukwelashwa kwezobuciko kusetshenziswa, ukuvakashelwa komndeni ukululekwa kwengqondo kanye nezikhathi, nokuhlanganyela ematafuleni aphelele kanye nokuqeqesha abantu abanjalo kuhlelekile.