Abantu bafunde indlela yokuhlakulela umhlaba eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa ezedlule. Ukuzitholela ukudla kwabo, abamele imiphakathi yasendulo bafunde izindlela ezilula kakhulu ze-agrotechnical kanye namasiko ahlukahlukene ahlakulele afanelekayo ekudleni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ezolimo sekuyisayensi eqhubekayo. Futhi namuhla, umuntu uye wazitholela ngokwemvelo ngokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezihlukahlukene kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bamuva bezolimo.
Kodwa-ke, ezinsukwini zethu, abanini bomhlaba abaningi, ngokuphambene nalokho, benqaba ukusebenzisa "i-chemistry" ngezindlela eziningi zemvelo. Ukusetshenziswa kwemibhede efudumele, ukulima okunomsoco nokucacile, njll. Lokhu akuyona into entsha, kodwa idivayisi ye-agrotechnical, eyaziwa esidlule. Ake sithole ukuthi kusho ukuthini kanye nezici zayo.
Okuyinhloko yokubheka
Ezitshalweni ezikhula ngokushesha - zibandakanya isinaphi , isiliva samafutha, i-rapeseed, i- rye rye , i-peas, i-lupine, i-vetch, i-clover, i-alfalfa, njll. Lezi zitshalo zobuchwepheshe azitheli izitshalo ngendlela evamile kithi. Esikhundleni salokho, basebenzisa ubukhulu bawo obuhlaza - emva kokusika buhlanganisiwe emhlabathini ukuze kucebiswe, futhi ngezinye izikhathi zisetshenziswe njenge-mulch.
Ngosizo lwabantu abatsha izitshalo, inhlabathi yendawo isetshenziswa nge-organic, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium kanye ne-calcium. Izimpande zalezi zitshalo zikhulula umhlabathi, zigcwalise oksijini. Futhi emva kokufaka emhlabathini inqwaba eluhlaza yezingxube, ukubola, kwandisa ukwanda. Ama-ciderate enza futhi umsebenzi wokuphilisa izilwane: aqeda ukukhula kokhula kokhula kanye ne-alkaloids ye-secrete, okwenza izinqubo ze-pathogenic zenzeke enhlabathini engcolile. Ngamafuphi, ukusetshenziswa kwezimbangi kuyasiza futhi kungasetshenziswa kunoma iyiphi insimu. Konke lokhu kutholakala ngosizo lobuchwepheshe bokujikeleza kwezitshalo ezincane. Emva kokuvuna isitshalo esikhulu, esakhula esakhiweni, lokho okuthiwa isitshalo esiphakathi sitshalwe endaweni efanayo. Khona-ke ihlulwa futhi ivaliwe enhlabathini - isikhathi sesikhathi lokhu kuxhomeke kuhlobo lwesitshalo nokuthi ngabe libhekisela ebusika noma entwasahlobo.
Futhi manje sizoqonda lapho kubalulekile ukuhlwanyela futhi nini ukumba emaceleni.
Abahlwanyeli kufanele bahlwanyelwe nini?
Ukutshala okuphazamisayo, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, kulandela emva kokuvuna isivuno esikhulu. Ngokujwayelekile lokhu yisikhathi, kuqale iminyaka eyishumi kaJulayi futhi kuphele iminyaka eyishumi ka-Agasti. Akudingekile ukulibala ukuhlwanyela ngokuhlwanyela, ngoba lezi zitshalo kumele zithole i-biomass eyanele ngaphambi kokushisa kwezulu.
Ngokuvamile, ama-syderate ahlwanyelwa ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo zesitshalo esikhulu, entwasahlobo. Kule nkinga, izimbangi azihlanganisiwe futhi ngesikhathi esithile zikhula nezithombo, khona-ke inhlabathi ebhedeni ikhululiwe futhi ihlanganiswe yi-top top.
Ekwindla, izitshalo zebusika kufanele zihlwanyele uma uhlela ukuzishiya ensimini ebusika.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isiko ngasinye esingenalutho sinemibono yaso. Uma uhlela ukuhlwanyela, kungcono ukubuza kusengaphambili uma kungcono ukuhlwanyela, isibonelo, i-alfalfa entwasahlobo noma ekwindla.
Nini ukumba ngaphakathi kwesikhashana?
Sika izimbangi, njengombuso, ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimbali zazo. Lokhu kwenziwa nge-cutter flat Fokine noma umlimi ojwayelekile. Inhlabathi emva kokunqunywa kwezimbangi akuyona into eyedlulele, ngaphandle kwalokho incazelo yalo lonke umsebenzi izokwehliswa zibe zero.
Izikhathi ezinqunywe ngokuqondile zixhomeke ngqo esikhathini sokutshala:
- Ukuhlwanyela okuhlwanyelwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kunqunywe kungaphambilini kukaMeyi, lapho
sifinyelele esiteji sokuhluma; - Ama-fertilizer ehlobo ehlobo ajwayele ukutshala abavakashile emibhedeni yalo nyaka, anqunywa futhi angcwatshwe ngaphambi kokuba izimbali zomsedari zikhule;
- Uma utshala ama-syderate ekwindla, zinganqunywa ngaphambi kweqhwa futhi zimbozwe emhlabathini, futhi ungashiya kuze kufike entwasahlobo elandelayo (lokhu kusebenza ezitshalweni zasebusika).
Kukhona enye indlela yokucubungula - abalimi beloli bangagcwalisi ubukhulu obuhlaza emhlabathini, kodwa, ukusisika nge-flat cutter, ushiye ngqo emibhedeni. Lokhu kuhle kakhulu enhlabathini enesihlabathi esilula - ukusika umquba ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukumboza umhlaba wonke, ukuvikela isendlalelo esingenhla kusuka ku-leaching izakhi.