Esinye sezifo ezithathelwanayo eziyingozi kakhulu yisifo somkhuhlane we-typhoid, izimpawu zazo ngokuvamile ezibhekene nokudideka nokucabangela, okuyisizathu esinikwe igama elinikezwa yiHippocrates - igama lesiGreki elithi "typhos" lisho "inkungu". Ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwama-antibiotics, lesi sifo sabangela izifo ezinkulu, nakuba manje kunengozi yokutheleleka.
I-typhoid isakazwa kanjani?
Lokhu ukutheleleka akuthandi, okungukuthi, kuthinta kuphela umuntu. I-agent causative ye-typhoid fever yi-bacterium Salmonella typhi, okuyinto induku yokugaya-negative.
Ukutheleleka kudluliselwa ngomzila womlomo, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ubambe i-typhus ngamanzi, izinto zasendlini, ukudla. Izinto ezidingekayo zokusabalala kwebhaktheriya ukugcoba imifino ngamanzi aqukethe ukungcola; isimo esiphuthumayo sohlelo lokuthuthwa kwamanzi kanye namanzi. Ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zesifo somkhuhlane we-typhoid zizwa ngemva kokugeza emzimbeni wamanzi angcolile noma ukudla imikhiqizo yobisi ewonakele, lapho wonke amabhaktheriya ekhula kahle, futhi ngisho nangokwengeziwe iSalmonella typhi iyi-microbe engenakuzithoba.
Umuntu ogulayo cishe akahambisani nemithi emasontweni okuqala (isikhathi sokukhushulwa), kanti ukutheleleka okuphezulu kutholakala ngeviki lesithathu.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ibhethri ayesabi ukanda, kepha ifa emazingeni aphezulu okushisa: imizuzu engu-20 kuya ku-30 yokubilisa iyakuvumela ukuba ichithe ngokuphelele.
Umkhuhlane we-typhoid ubonakala kanjani?
Phakathi nesikhathi sokukhushulwa, okuyinto egcina isilinganiso samasonto amabili, amanye amabhaktheriya angena emzimbeni afa, ekhulula okuthiwa i-endotoxin okuthiwa. Kubangela ukudakwa. Isiguli sigxeka ngokuthi:
- ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso;
- ikhanda;
- ubuthakathaka;
- ukukhwehlela;
- izikhukhula;
- ubuhlungu besisu;
- ukuqotshwa.
Esikhathini sokuqala sesi sifo, esilandela isikhathi sokukhushulwa futhi sigcine izinsuku ezine kuya kwezingu-7, lezi zimpawu ze-typhoid fever zibizwa ngokukhethekile.
Isibonakaliso sokuthi ukutheleleka yisigqoko esimhlophe nesibhakabhaka olimini ngezinhlamvu zamazinyo.
Ngesikhathi ukuphakama kwesifo (kuqhubeka kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-10), ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo echazwe ngenhla kufakwe ukuvinjelwa, ukulahlekelwa isisindo, isisu esiswini (isibindi sesiguli esibuhlungu). Kubonakala sengathi i-rash - ne-typhoid fever is localized esifubeni nasesisu, emaphethweni ezandla. Umbala omnyama ophuzi obomvu obomvu oba nombala obonakala ungabonakali uma ucindezelwe.
Lapho ulalela inhliziyo, i-bradycardia kanye nokuzithulu kwamathoni kubonakala; Ukucindezela komzimba kunciphisa, isilwane nesibindi zanda ngobukhulu. Ekuphakameni kwesifo kukhona okuthiwa. isimo se-typhoid - umuntu uhlobisa, ama-raves, ingqondo yakhe ididekile.
Isikhathi sokubuyiselwa
Esigabeni sesinqumo sesifo, izimpawu zokudakwa ziyanyamalala, izinga lokushisa libuyela ejwayelekile (ngokungazelelwe noma kancane kancane), isiguli siqala ukudla, ukuqina buthakathaka, ukulala okujwayelekile.
Khona-ke kubuye kutholakale - isigaba se-convalescence, lapho phakathi kwama-3-10% amacala ukutheleleka kungaqala ukuhlasela umzimba futhi. Izimpawu zokuqala zokuphindaphindiwe yizinga lokushisa elincane, i-malaise, ubuthakathaka.
Kumele kuqaphele ukuthi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwamagciwane ngama-antibiotic, lesi sifo sibonakala ngokubonakala ngendlela efakwe, lapho izimpawu ezichazwe khona zingekho kahle.
Ukuxilongwa kanye nezinkinga
Lesi sifo asikho ngaphansi kokwelapha ekhaya futhi sidinga ukuhlala esibhedlela. Izinkinga ze-typhoid fever zilandelayo:
- i-pneumonia;
- ukuphuma kwamathumbu emathunjini;
- i-peritonitis;
- i-cholecystitis ;
- i-typhoid psychosis;
- ukutheleleka kwe-urinary tract.
Uma isiguli siphikwa ukwelashwa, amathuba okuba nomphumela obulalayo uphakeme.
Ukuthola isifo somkhuhlane we-typhoid yi-test bacteriological yazo zonke izifo zomzimba. Ngokujwayelekile ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngomkhuhlane we-typhoid, kanye nomchamo, udoyi, ubhiya, kusho ukuhlwanyela, imiphumela eyaziwa ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-1 kuya kwezingu-4.