Ukwelashwa okunjalo kokuthuthukiswa kwe-intrauterine, okukhona ukwephulwa kokuhlukana kwamawele afanayo, akuvamile. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuzalwa kwalezi zingane izindaba zezinga likahulumeni. Cabanga ngalolu daba, ubiza izimbangela zalo, thola ukuthi kungani amawele e-Siamese azalwa.
Kungani "amawele e-Siamese" ebizwa kanjalo?
Igama elithi "amawele e-Siamese" lamukela i-pathology yentuthuko, lapho amantombazane amabili, ngenkathi esesesibelethweni sikamama, engahlukaniswanga ngezinto ezimbili ezihlukene, ekhula kanye nezingxenye zomzimba. Izinsana ezizalwa zivame ukuba nezinhlaka ezivamile zesistimu, ezibeka impendulo ethile ekusebenzeni kwazo. Cishe njalo izingane ezinjalo zibhekana nezinkinga ngesikhathi sokuzijabulisa, okuthinta umsebenzi wesimiso sezinzwa.
Ukukhuluma ngokuthi kungani lokhu kuhlaselwa kwezokuthuthukiswa kubizwa ngokuthi "amawele e-Siamese", odokotela bathi leli gama libangelwa idiphozi yamawele okuqala eyaziwa ngokuthi u- Eng no-Chang azalwa eSiam (namuhla e-Thailand). Baphunyuke ekufeni kusukela ebuntwaneni ngokuzama komama wabo. Ngokwenkosi, kwakufanele babulawe, ngoba babephethe "uphawu lukadeveli." Abafowethu babenomzimba ohlanganyelwe okhalweni. Ukuhamba emhlabeni jikelele, babonisa umphakathi, bathola udumo olwandayo.
Kungani amawele e-Siamese azalwa?
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi enhliziyweni ye-pathology ukuphulwa kwenqubo yokwahlukana kwamaseli esigabeni sokuthuthukiswa kwe-embryonic. Ngokwabo, amawele e-Siamese angama-monohyzotes - akhiwe kusuka ku-zygote eyodwa. Kulokhu, iqoqo lezakhi zofuzo kuzo lifana futhi ubulili bezingane ezinjalo zifanayo. I-pathology isakhiwe lapho ukuhlukana kungenzeki kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-13 nokuthuthukiswa kancane kancane kwemibungu kuqhubeka. Ngenxa yalokho, amawele e-Siamese avela, imbangela yalokhu ukukhubazeka ivame ukungaqondakali. Odokotela babona amaqembu amaningana wezinto. Phakathi kwabo kukhona:
- izakhi zofuzo - zihambisana nokuphulwa kwesakhiwo sezakhi zofuzo, okubangela ukwephulwa kwenqubo ye-fission;
- umthelela wezemvelo;
- imiphumela enobuthi - uxhumane nezinto ezinobuthi, umsebenzi wabazali ekukhiqizeni okulimazayo (amakhemikhali, imboni yenukliya).
Ukuphila kwamawele e-Siamese
Ozalwa ngokuphulwa okunjalo, izingane zinzima ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zomphakathi. Ngenxa yokuthi i-fusion ivame ukuvela esifundeni se-trunk, izinkalo, izingane zinesitho esisodwa esisodwa (isibindi, isisu). Lokhu kwenza ukuphila kube nzima. Njengoba izingane zikhula, umthwalo wanda, izitho azikwazi ukubhekana nazo, kukhona ukwephulwa okungahambisani nokuphila:
- ukuhluleka kwezinso ;
- ukungakwazi ukusebenza kahle;
- ukwephula ukuphefumula.
Ngenxa yalezi zimo ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi intuthuko, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ihlukanise amawele e-Siamese, odokotela benza lo msebenzi. Ukuxilongwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kokuqala kwenziwa, kuhlanganise ne-hardware kanye nezindlela zocwaningo zocwaningo. Ngenxa yesitatimende esitholiwe, izindlela zokuhlinzeka ngokuhlinzeka ngokuhlinzwa, ngenxa yalokho amawele e-Siamese ahlukaniswa, ukukhubazeka kungabandakanywa.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwamawele e-Siamese
Ukuhlinzekwa kubelwa ukucabangela izici ezithile, i-topology yezitho zangaphakathi nezishintshi. Inkambo yenziwa yiqembu labahlinzayo. Kusebenza okulodwa, amaqembu amaningana ochwepheshe angashintsha etafuleni. Konke kuncike kwisigaba esithile sokungenelela kokuhlinzwa. Amawele e-Siamese ahlukanisiwe isikhathi eside asebenza ngenqubo yokuvuselela, ehlobene nokuthuthukiswa kwezimpendulo eziguquguqukayo yizitho ezimweni eziguquliwe. Amawele ngokwawo angaphansi kokuqondiswa odokotela, ngezikhathi ezithile abaqhuba izifundo zokuvuselela.
Ukusebenza kokuhlukaniswa kwamawele e-Siamese
Umsebenzi wokuqala wokuhlukanisa amawele e-Siamese wenziwa ngekhulu le-17 (1689) ngoKening. Lokhu kungenelela kokuhlinzwa kwaba umzamo wokuqala, ongaphumelelanga. Ngokuphelele, phakathi nesikhathi esifana nokujwayela ukuhlinzwa, odokotela benza imisebenzi engaba ngu-300. Kulokhu, "umsebenzi omuhle", uma kudingeka ukuhlukanisa izakhiwo zobuchopho, isisekelo somgogodla, odokotela baqala ukwamukelwa kamuva nje.
Amawele e-Siamese ngemva kokuhlukaniswa
Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi lo msebenzi ngokwayo uvame ukungena ekubunjweni kwezinkinga zokuziphatha nezokuhle. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi isitho esisodwa esibalulekile sivame kumabili amawele. Ukwenza ukungenelela, ukuhlukanisa, kuzoholela ekufeni komunye wabazalwane noma odadewabo. Lesi sici siba yisithiyo ekusetshenzisweni kokuxhaphazwa.
Ukukhuluma ukuthi kungani amawele e-Siamese efa ngesikhathi esifushane, odokotela bayakusho ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukubikezela ngokugcwele umphumela. Ngokuvamile imizimba ayikwazi ukubhekana, kukhona ukwehluleka. Lesi simo sihambisana nokuwohloka kancane kancane kwenhlalakahle, ukuthuthuka okusheshayo. Ngezinye izikhathi iziguli ziphoqelelwe ukuba ziqhubeke ziqhubeka nezinqubo, ziqhubeke zihlala ngokuchitha amadivaysi ezempilo.
Amawele aseSaam adume kakhulu
Lesi sifo singavamile. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuzalwa kwalawa mawele kuyizindaba, ezithola isimo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi isibalo somhlaba jikelele. Amawele ama-Siamese akhazinyulisiwe, afana nezithombe ezingezansi, abeke umlando kuze kube phakade. Phakathi kwabo:
- URose noJoseph Blazek. Bazalelwa ngo-1878. Bayaziwa ngokuthi badlala ngezingoma zomculo (i-violin nehabhu). Bafa ngo-1922, abazange bahlukaniswe.
- UGita noZita Rezakhanov. Bazalelwa eKyrgyzstan. Ngo-2003 bekukhona umsebenzi wokubahlukanisa. Ngonyaka ka-2015, uZita wabulawa ngenxa yokuhluleka komzimba.
- UVerica noKristina Kaygorodtsevy. Ekuqaleni kusuka eKhakassia. Babehlangene nesifunda se-pelvic. Umsebenzi wokuhlukanisa waphela ekufeni kweVeronica.
- UDaria noMaria Krivoshlyapovs. Ekuzalweni kwakukhona umzimba ovamile, imilenze engu-3. Amantombazane athathwa kubazali bawo ukucwaninga e-USSR Academy of Sciences. Ngo-2003, odade babulawa, babulala utshwala. Umsebenzi wokuhlukanisa awukwenziwanga.