Njengomthetho, ukutheleleka okuyinhloko kwezingane ezine-bacillus ye-tubercle kwenzeka eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila. Umzimba womuntu onempilo uvimbela ukugxilongwa okungapheli ngesistimu yomzimba.
Igama lesiLatini elithi "isifo sofuba" ekuhunyushweni lisho ukuthi "i-hillock encane", ngenxa yokuthi isifo sofuba lesikhumba kubantwana nakubantu abadala sikhombisa ukuthi luhlobo lwama-protrusions esikhumbeni. I-agent causative yesifo sofuba ezinganeni nasebancane iyinduku kaKoch (i-bacillus ye-tubercle). Ibonakala ngokumelene nokwanda kwemvelo yangaphandle. Le bacterium ingaphikelela isikhathi eside ngisho nasesikhunjeni esomile nomhlabathi. Abaningi be-disinfectants abasebenza kuwo. Indlela eyinhloko yokutheleleka nalesi sifo yindlela yokudonsa emoyeni. Kukhona ithuba lokuthatha induku kaKoch kanye nemikhiqizo equkethe i-pathogen, futhi ngenxa yokuxhumana nezinto ezibhekene nesifo se-tubercle bacillus.
Amafomu wesifo sofuba
Isifo sofuba yisifo esithathelwanayo esithinta amehlo, amathumbu, isikhumba, uhlelo lwe-genitourinary kanye namathambo esifuba. Indlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yesifo sofuba yisifo sofuba se-pulmonary, esitholakala ezinganeni futhi kunezici ezithile ezikhethekile. Ngakho-ke, lesi sifo sitholakala ngokuyinhloko ngesimo esibi, senza izinkinga. Lokhu kungenxa yokuntuleka kwesistimu yomzimba omzimba engafundiwe ukulwa nokugxila kokutheleleka. Izici zesifo sofuba ezinganeni zibandakanya izifo eziphathekayo: i-meningitis enezifo kanye nesifo sofuba, isifo sofuba semithi, njll. Ukungakhulelwa kwamantombazane sekuvele sekukwazi ukuthola ukutheleleka kuphela emaphashini. Izimo ezikhulayo - ukungondleki, i-avitaminosis, ubuthakathaka emzimbeni. Isifo sofuba esibhedlela emantwaneni abancane sinamafomu alandelayo:
- i-cavernous;
- ukungena ngaphakathi;
- okugxile nabanye.
Kukhona izinhlobo zesifo sofuba esivela ngaphandle kwamapayipi. Ngakho-ke, izingane zinesifo sofuba samathambo, izinso, izitho zomzimba zamakhemikhali, amalunga, izitho zokugaya, amehlo nesikhumba.
Lesi sifo sibonakala ngamafomu avulekile futhi avaliwe. Bangabantu abanefomu elivulekile lesifo sofuba esisongela impilo yabanye, ngakho-ke kudingeka bahambisane nemithetho eminingana, ikakhulukazi engcolile nokuhlanzeka.
Izimpawu nokuxilongwa
Akulula ukubona ukubonakaliswa kwesifo sofuba ezinganeni, ngoba izimpawu aziqondile. Ingane ngokushesha amathayi, afunga ngaphezulu kunejwayelekile, iyathuthumela, izinga lokushisa liyakwazi ukuphakama. Isikhukhula singaba mnene noma siqine ngegazi kanye ne-sputum. Ngokuvamile izibonakaliso ezinjalo zibonwa abazali njengengqamuzana evamile. Kodwa uma ihlala emasontweni amathathu noma ngaphezulu, udokotela kufanele axhumane ngaphandle kokulibala.
Esikhathini esibhedlela, ingane izohlolwa, ibuzwe mayelana nokuba khona kobuhlungu, ukuhlolwa kwe-x-ray kwenziwa, ukuhlolwa kwe-sputum kuhlaziywa futhi kuhlolwa i-Mantoux. Uma ukuxilongwa kuqinisekiswa, ukwelashwa kwesifo sofuba kubantwana kuqala ngokushesha.
Ukwelashwa nokuvimbela
Isibhedlela kuphela kanye nosizo olufanele kuphela! Akukho mbuzo wokuzivocavoca! Izindlela zanamuhla zokwelapha izidakamizwa zisebenza kahle.
Indima enkulu ekwelashweni inikezwa ekugcinweni kwezindinganiso zangasese: ukuhlanzwa okumanzi okuvamile, ukuphuza umoya, ukudla okunomsoco okugcwele, ukungabi nokusebenza ngokweqile, ukuhlala ezindaweni ezikude ezivela ezimbonini. Isifo sofuba esingenangqondo, esitholakale sekwephuzile, siphathwa ngezindlela zokuhlinzwa. Emgodini we-pleura, umoya uphuthunyiswa futhi ingxenye yamaphaphu noma isilwane sonke isuswe.
Kunezindawo ezimbili zokuvimbela lesi sifo. Uma ingane ingaguli, ukuvimbela ukugonywa kwesifo sofuba kubantwana, okwenziwa ngokusungulwa kwe-BCG. Uma ingane ixhumana nomuntu onesifo sofuba, unqunywe inkambo ye-isoniazid (ama-milligram ama-5 kilogram yesisindo) izinyanga eziyisithupha.