Noma yimuphi umuntu kufanele afunde ukunakekela ama-strawberries. Kunzima ukugcizelela izimfanelo ezibalulekile zalezi amajikijolo ezimangalisayo, eziphakathi kwezitshalo zokuqala zensimu. Ezimakethe, zivela ekuqaleni, ziheha ukubukeka kwezebhizinisi kanye nephunga, kodwa imikhiqizo yasekhaya kuphela ingaba yikhulu ewusizo futhi iphephile.
Indlela yokunakekela ama-strawberry?
Ukuvuthwa komkhiqizo wokuqala wezentengiselwano wamajikijolo aphunga kuvela ezindaweni ezifudumele ekupheleni kukaMeyi. Isikhathi sabalimi be-amateur ukuqaliswa kokunakekelwa ngokugcwele kwe-strawberries kancane, noma yikuphi ukubambezeleka ngokufaka umanyolo, ukuchelela noma ezinye izinto eziholela ekunciphiseni ikhwalithi yesitshalo, kuthinta ukubonakala kwezithelo zamanzi. Izikhungo zokucwaninga kanye nabathandekayo abalula bahlale bekhathalela ngokuvuselela izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo, ngakho-ke abalimi nabalimi kufanele baqonde kahle izici zezihlahla ezitholakalayo, izici zabo eziphilayo.
Uma izinhlobo ezindala ze-strawberries ekutshalweni nasekunakekeleni zihluka kancane, ngakho-ke isihlahla samanje singahlukaniswa yizinto eziyingqayizivele ezihlotshaniswa nobude befruiting noma ikhono lokubeka amajikijolo ngenkathi imivimbo emincane. Kulabo abafisa ukusebenzisa lesi siko ngezinhloso zokuhlobisa, abathandi bokuthola isitshalo elimnandi kuze kube sekwindla ngasekupheleni, njalo ngonyaka amanothi amaningi athakazelisayo aboniswayo.
I-ampelic strawberry - ukunakekelwa nokulima
Isici esihlukile sokunakekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-strawberry ampel kungenzeka ukuthi i-fruiting ngesikhathi esisodwa yamahlumela amadevu aluhlaza. Uma uthenga izinhlobo ezilungiswayo yokuhlala noma indlu yokushisa ekhula kahle ngaphandle kokukhanya okulinganiselwe, uzodla amajikijolo amasha isikhathi eside kuze kube sekuqaleni kwebusika. Ukunakekela ama-strawberries ama-ampel kunezinketho ezihlukahlukene. Ikhulile embhedeni, ngosizo lwamasekeli aqondile, ngesimo sezitshalo zezimbali.
Izinhlobo ezithembisayo zama-strawberries ampel:
- Ukulungiswa,
- Finland,
- INdlovukazi Elizabeth II,
- Alba,
- Geneva,
- Ukudla okumnandi eMoscow,
- Osatra,
- Elsanta.
I-strawberry ekhanda - ukunakekela nokulima
Ngokuphathelene nale sitrobheli, kunezinkolelo eziningi kanye nezinkomba ezihlobene nokudayiswa kokuningi kubalandeli bezinhlobo ezingahloswanga zokukhangisa ezingenakuqondakala. Lesi siko ngokwemvelo yaso ngeke sikwazi ukukhuphukela ngokuzenzekelayo amahlumela ngokuxhaswa okuqondile njengama-hops noma amagilebhisi, ngakho-ke ungakholelwa labo abahlukumezayo. Indlela enhle kakhulu yokunakekela ama-strawberries okukhanda embhede. Ukubunjwa okuphezulu, izinhlobo ze-ampel ezinezintambo eziyi-1.5 m ezisetshenzisiwe.
Ngokusekelwa kwe-berry akuthintekile ukubola, ekuphakameni kwezithelo akufinyeleleki kuma-slugs, amahlumela athatha isikhala esincane. Kuyinto elula ukuyifaka emgqonyeni noma ipulasitiki epulasitiki egcwala inhlabathi, ngezimbobo ezisikiwe ezifinyelela kumamitha ayi-6 ububanzi bezitshalo. Ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo, ithubhu encane yetsimbi kufanele ibekwe ukuze kutholakale amanzi. Ukunakekela ama-strawberries kuhlelwe kangcono elangeni eduze kocingo noma udonga lendlu, lapha kuzosebenza njengomhlobiso omuhle kakhulu wesayithi.
Izinhlobo ze-strawberries zokuhlelwa kwe-curly:
- Sakhalin,
- I-Herzberg,
- Ada,
- San Rival,
- Ostara,
- Eros,
- I-Kletter Star 2002,
- Frapendula.
Ukunakekela i-patch yama-strawberries
Ngokungafani nezinhlobonhlobo ngesithelo esisodwa, i- punch of strawberry iyakwazi ukujabulisa umlimi wezithelo ngamajikijolo amabili noma ngaphezulu ngonyaka. Lokhu kubangelwa ikhono lalezi zinhlobo ukubeka amaqabunga e-fruiting ngosuku olude noma olungathathi hlangothi. Uma ukunakekela ama-strawberry kuyinto evamile, izinhlobo eziningi zivuna isivuno sokuqala ngoJulayi (kuze kufike ku-40% yenani lamajikijolo), kanti lesibili (esiphezulu) ngoSepthemba-Agasti.
Ukunakekela i-strawberries patchwork inezici. Ikhula ngokushesha futhi idinga ukuphindwa njalo kwezitshalo njalo ngonyaka ka-2-3, ngisho nezihlahla ezinkulu ezihlahleni ngokushesha zilahlekelwa yimikhiqizo yazo phezu kweminyaka. Izithombo ezintsha zikhulile kusukela emasimini asetsheni zemibele, ukushintshwa kwazo kwenziwa ekupheleni kwenkathi ngaphambi kokufika kwesithwathwa. Ebhizinisi, indlela efanele yokubheka ama-strawberries okulungisa amamaki, azikho ubunzima obukhulu. Ngemuva kokuguqula ngendlela efanele emjikelezweni wokutshala umnyaka ka 2-3 weminyaka, kungenzeka ukuthola amajikijolo amaningi amaningi ngenkathi efudumele.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-strawberries e-remontant:
- INdlovukazi Elizabeth II,
- Isivivinyo,
- Monterey,
- Idayimani,
- Ukudla okumnandi eMoscow,
- San Andreas,
- Evie 2,
- Albion.
Ukunakekelwa okufanele kwe-strawberries
Lesi siko esimangalisayo nesigugu singakhula cishe kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi, ngaphandle kwezinambuzane nezinhlabathi ezomile. Izimpande zokhuni zikhona ekujuleni okungakajulile okufika ku-20 cm, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba angaphezu kuka-70 cm angawalimaza. Ukuthi noma yikuphi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezitshalo, isibonelo, i-Giantella strawberries, uma zivuma futhi zikhula zikhiqiza izitshalo ezinhle kakhulu, kungcono ukuyihlwanyela embhedeni owodwa noma phakathi kwemigqa engadini encane.
Izindlela zokukhiqiza ama-strawberries:
- Ukukhiqiza imbewu kuyindlela eyinkimbinkimbi esetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ngabalimi. Efanelekayo ama-strawberry ama-strawberry, ukulima nokunakekelwa okuhlobene nokubunzima. Imbewu itholakala kumajikijolo ahlutshiwe, omisiwe futhi asemhlabathini.
- Ukukhiqizwa kwe-strawberries ngokuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla - kusetshenziselwa uma kunesidingo sokutshala izinto. Izitshalo ezincane azifaneleki ngalokhu, ungakwazi ukusika izimpande ezineminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala.
- Ukukhiqizwa yi-whiskey kuyindlela elula futhi esheshayo yokutshala ama-strawberries, ethandwa kakhulu ezindadini zasekhaya. Kunconywa ukuthi uthathe amathrendi okuqala angu-2-3 emsebenzini, futhi ususe amahlumela asele. Ukunakekela ama-strawberries atholakala ezinkaleni, elula, kodwa kudinga ukunakekelwa okwandisiwe izithombo kuze kube yilapho kulungiswa ngokuphelele ensimini.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-spring ama-strawberry
Ukusebenza emibhedeni kufanele uqale ngokuhlanza uhlaka oluphezulu lwenhlabathi kusuka kokhula kanye nezinambuzane. Ukususa ngokuphelele inhlabathi ebukhulu bama centimitha ambalwa angeke kwenzeke, ngakho-ke senza ukukhululeka komhlaba phakathi kwehlathi kuze kube ngu-8 cm. Uma kunjalo, ungayinakekela kanjani ama-strawberry entwasahlobo, kubalulekile ukuqeda i-foci yokutheleleka. Susa amaqabunga omile, omnyama noma ophuzi ngezinkukhu eziqhamukayo zefungi elimazayo.
Ukunakekela ama-strawberries okuqhakaza
Ukubonakala kwezimbali zokuqala eziqhakaza izimbali, kodwa kuyadingeka ukuba uqhubeke nokunakekela ama-strawberries ngesikhathi, ukwenza konke okuyinkimbinkimbi yezinyathelo zokutshala iberry elimnandi ukuze uthole isivuno esigcwele. Uhlelo lomsebenzi luhlanganisa ukutshala izitshalo, ukuchelela, ukususa ingxenye yamahlamvu, ukukhulula inhlabathi. Ama-prongs engeziwe ane-secateur cut and ethathwe esakhiweni, le ndlela kusiza ukugcina amandla azokwenza ukwakheka kwezithelo.
Ungasiza ukuvotela izitshalo ngesikhathi sezimbali ukuze ukwandise inani lamajikijolo. Ngalo njongo, spoon uju wemvelo ku-1 litre lamanzi uphefute isixazululo embhedeni, ukhanga izinyosi. Lo mcimbi usiza ngezikhathi eziningi, imvula, ukushisa okukhulu noma kubanda. Indlela yesibili ukufeza ngokucophelela ibhulashi elithambile lezimbali ngezikhathi zokudla kwasemini ukuze kudluliswe impova kusuka kwesinye isihlahla kuya kwesinye. Ukunakekela ama-strawberries emva kokusabalalisa kukhulula inhlabathi, ukuchelela, ukususa ukhula nokuvuna.
Ukunakekela ama-strawberries ngemuva kwe-fruiting
Abaqalayo abaningi, sebeqoqe izithelo ezihlwabusayo, ukhohlwa ngezitshalo. Ngeke sikwazi ukubekezelela ukunqwabelana kwensimu nokhula, imbewu yezitshalo eziyingozi izoqhakaza, ipholile bese iphuma entwasahlobo ezayo. Abanye abalimi beloli balima phansi amahlamvu endala, kodwa lokhu kukhethwa yingozi. Kungenzeka, kanye nobunzima obuhlaza, ukulahlekelwa amaqabunga amancane, okuholela ekubambeni kwebusika kanye nokulimala kwe-fruiting. Ukunakekela ama-strawberries ezweni kungcono kakhulu okwenziwe nge-pruner, ngobumnene ukusika ama-tendril angadingekile namafayipi amafa afayo, ngaphandle kokulimaza izinso.
Ukunakekela ama-strawberries ekwindla
Ukuhlunga nokukhishwa kwemigqa kuqhutshwa kuze kuqala ukushisa kwezulu. Ngokuvamile i-rhizome ibonakala, ibuhlungu isimo sezihlahla. Ukunakekelwa kwe-autumn kwe-strawberries kuhlanganisa ukugubha ukuphindwa okujwayelekile kwezimpande zensiza. Inhlabathi eyondayo yathululela eduze nasehlathini, hhayi ukulala ebuthweni lokufaka umquba "inhliziyo". Ukutshala ama-strawberry kuqala ngo-Agasti. Kusukela ekuqaleni kukaSeptember izitshalo ze-shear ze-shear azikwazi ukususwa, kuphela ama-leaf plate abonakalisiwe futhi abonakalisiwe.
Ezindaweni ezibandayo, izitshalo zidinga ukuvikelwa ehlathini. Uma ikhava yeqhwa ibuthakathaka, kanti amakhaza awela emazingeni okushisa aphansi, khona-ke izinhlobo eziningi ziba yiqhwa. Ekunakekeleni kusiza ekukhoseleni amahlamvu ama-sitrobheli noma ungqimba lwesithombo ka-5 cm noma ngaphezulu. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuvala umhlaba ema-aisles, ngokukhululeka ukuvikela izimpande nezitshalo emakhazeni, ukunciphisa ingozi yokulahlekelwa kokuvuna amajikijolo okumnandi.
Ukondla ama-strawberries
Ngaphandle kwenhlabathi evundile, akunakwenzeka ukuthola i-strawberry ephezulu, entwasahlobo, ukunakekela nge-fertilizing kusiza isitshalo ukuqoqa amandla okuvota nokuhlanganiswa kwamajikijolo amakhulu, futhi kumanyolo wekwindla kunomthelela omkhulu ekuhlanganiseni amaqabunga esivuno esilandelayo. Kunezinhlelo eziningana zokwethulwa kwezakhi zomzimba ngesikhathi sokukhula. Ngaphansi ehlathini wathululeka kusuka 0.5 amalitha kuya 1 litre of kuhlanjululwe ngamanzi umquba.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-strawberries entwasahlobo ngemva kokuqhaqhaqhwa kweqhwa:
- Isixazululo se-1 tbsp. ammonium sulfate kanye nezinkomishi ezimbili zikaMellein ebhakedeni lamanzi.
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu ngesisombululo se-Mullein ngo-1:10.
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu ngesisombululo somquba wezinkukhu ku-1:12.
Umanyolo we-strawberries emva kokuvuna:
- Isixazululo se-nitrosfos (amabili wezipuni) ne-potassium sulfate (itiye eli-1) ebhakedeni lamanzi.
- Dissolve 100 g lomlotha ebhakede lamanzi.
- Isixazululo se-nitrate (potassium nitrate 2) ebhakedeni lamanzi.
Ukugqoka okwedlula ama-strawberries ekwindla sekwephuzile:
- Isisombululo sikaMellein namanzi (1:10) ngokufaka ingxenye yengilazi yomlotha.
- Isixazululo esihlanganisiwe samaminerali amaminerali. Ibhakede lamanzi lidinga i-nitroammophoska (2 amalitha), i-potassium sulfate (30 g) ne-1 ingilazi yomlotha.
Ukunisela sitrobheli
Ukuze ungazitholi amajikijolo amancane nomile, udinga ukuwasebenzisa njalo izihlahla zezitshalo. I-strawberry idinga ukutshala nokuzilungisa ngaphandle kwendawo enelanga, kodwa ayithandi ukomiswa okuphelele kwenhlabathi. Emhlabathini omsulwa kuyadingeka ukunikeza amalitha angu-12 ngehora elingu-1 m 2 yenhlabathi ngaphansi kokunisela, kuze kufike ku-14 amalitha ngehora elingu-1 m2 emhlabathini wobumba. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa imfudumalo efudumele emahoreni asekuseni. Ngesikhathi sezimvula ezinkulu, ukuchelela kumile, ekushiseni kukhishwa ngesonto kuze kube izikhathi ezingu-3-4.
Indlela yokunakekela ama-strawberry - ukufakelwa
Kungcono ukukhiqiza le misebenzi ekupheleni kwehlobo, ngesikhathi semfudumalo izitshalo ziyakwazi ukuhluma kahle. Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo, kunzima ukukhetha isikhathi esihle ama-strawberries, ukufakelwa kwentwasahlobo nokunakekela amahlathi amancane kwenziwa ezindaweni ezinjalo ngokushesha ngemuva kweqhwa. Ihlumela i-rootlets ngemuva kokugcoba ifakwe emgodini, ukusika kuze kufike ku-8 cm. Ngokulandelana, ibanga elingama-70-80 cm lingagcinwa, phakathi kwezitshalo kuze kube ngu-25 cm. Ngendlela yokwenza isikwele, ama-50x50 cm anamathele kuhlelo. Akuvunyelwe ukugcwalisa inhliziyo ye-sitrobheli uma utshalwa.