Isifo se-neurodegenerative, esichazwe kuqala futhi sifundwe ngokuningiliziwe ngumqondo wezifo zengqondo waseJalimane A. I-Alzheimer ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, uhlobo oluvamile lokuwohloka komqondo (ukuwohloka komqondo), okuyingozi kakhulu engxenyeni yabantu besifazane ekugugeni. Ezimweni ezingavamile, isifo se-Alzheimer sitholakala kubantu abasha.
Isifo se-Alzheimer - izimbangela
Ukuwohloka komqondo okunomsoco kohlobo lwe-Alzheimer, njengoba beqhubeka bebiza i-pathology okucatshangelwayo, kukhula ngokuvumelana nezinqubo ezingakacacisiwe. Inkolelo enokwethenjelwa kakhulu yomsuka wesifo, ngokusho kochwepheshe abaningi, yi-hypothesis ye-amyloid. Ngokusho kwakhe, imbangela ye-Alzheimer's isifo se-Alzheimer ihlotshaniswa nokuthungwa kwezicubu zobuchopho be-beta-amyloid - i-fragment yamaprotheni eyenza imisebenzi yokuzivikela kanye ne-trophic emzimbeni. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakhiwa ama-plaques angenayo i-insoluble kanye ne-neurofibrillary tangles, okuvusa ukufa kwezinhlaka zobuchopho.
Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi isifo se-Alzheimer isifo esiningi, ekuthuthukiseni ukukhubazeka kofuzo akufakiwe. Ucwaningo lwamuva luveze izinhlobo ezintathu zezakhi zofuzo, okwehluleka ukukwenza lesi sifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezici eziningana ezingenza umehluko ekuqalweni kwezinqubo zokwelapha. Lokhu kufaka:
- ukulimala okukhulu kwe- craniocerebral ;
- ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwengqondo-ngokomzwelo;
- umsebenzi ophansi wengqondo;
- umfutho wegazi ophezulu;
- Izinguquko ze-atherosclerotic emithanjeni yegazi ;
- ukuphelelwa oksijini;
- ukuntuleka kokuhamba;
- ukukhuluphala;
- ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile ushukela;
- ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala;
- ukubhema.
Isifo se-Alzheimer - izimpawu nezimpawu
Lesi sifo sithuthuka kancane kancane, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi amandla kanye nenani lokubonakaliswa kwalo kwanda. Izimpawu zokuqala zivame ukubonwa ngokubonakaliswa kweminyaka evamile, imiphumela yokucindezeleka, ukukhathala, ngakho-ke ezimweni eziningi ezinganakwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpawu ze-Alzheimer's disease zibonakala zibala, ziphazamisa impilo yansuku zonke hhayi kuphela iziguli ngokwabo, kodwa futhi nabathandekayo abazungezile.
Isifo se-Alzheimer - yobudala
Izibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo se-Alzheimer zivame ukubonakala zingaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, nakuba iziphazamiso zokuqala ezishintshayo ezakhiweni zobuchopho zenzeka eminyakeni eyi-10-15 ngaphambili. Muva nje kuye kwaba nomkhuba "wokuvuselela" we-pathology, okutholakala kubantu abaneminyaka engama-45 ubudala. Ngaphambi kokukhubazeka kwezakhi zofuzo, isifo se-Alzheimer singakhula ngisho nangesikhathi esidlule, esibonakala ngesithombe esifanayo somtholampilo.
Izigaba zezifo ze-Alzheimer's
I-Alzheimer's dementia senile, izimpawu zokuthuthuka nesikhathi, zihlukaniswa ngokubaluleka kwezimo ezibucayi ezinezigaba ezine. Ake siwacabangele ngokuningiliziwe:
1. Isigaba sokuqala yisimiso esandulela isimo, esichazwe ngokubonakaliswa okulandelayo:
- inkinga yememori ehlotshaniswa nememori empofu yemicimbi yamuva kanye nolwazi olusha nokugcinwa kwememori yesikhathi eside;
- ukwephulwa kwememori ye-semantic (ngokusho kwamagama, ukuxhumana kwabo, njll);
- ukugxila okuncane;
- ukunganakwa;
- ukuxabana;
- ubunzima ngemisebenzi yokuhlela;
- izinkinga ngokucabanga okunengqondo nokungaqondakali;
- ukulahlekelwa intshisekelo ezintweni abazithandayo, ukupholisa ubuhlobo obuseduze.
2. Isigaba sesibili kungukugula komqondo okuqala, lapho ukuguquka kokuziphatha kwesiguli kuba khona nakakhulu kwabanye. Izimpawu ezilandelayo ziphawulwe:
- ukuhlukumeza kwezinkinga zenkumbulo;
- ukwephula izinhlobo ezahlukene zokubona;
- ukunciphisa isilulumagama;
- ukwehla ngesivinini senkulumo;
- ukwephulwa kwamakhono amakhono emoto.
3. Okwesithathu yisiteji sokumengqondo komqondo okulinganiselayo, okubonakala ngokukhubazeka okuphawulekayo nokubonakala kwamanye izimpawu zokugula:
- Ukungahambisani, inkulumo engenasici, ukuguqulwa kwamazwi;
- ukulahlekelwa kwamakhono okufunda nokubhala;
- inkumbulo ebuthakathaka kakhulu, lapho isiguli singasaboni izihlobo eziseduze, imemori yesikhathi eside nayo iphukile;
- iziqephu zokuhlukunyezwa okuzenzekelayo;
- ukucasula;
- ukudabuka;
- ukuqhubekela phambili kwezinkinga zemoto;
- ukuphazamiseka kokulala;
- ukungabikho komchamo.
4. Isigaba sokugcina - isifo se-Alzheimer - senza iziguli zixhomeke ngokuphelele ekusizeni kwangaphandle, ngoba Cishe wonke amakhono okuzimela alahlekile. Isithombe sesitholampilo sihlanganisa:
- ukulahlekelwa kwenkulumo;
- ukunganaki njalo;
- ukukhathala ngokomzimba;
- kunzima ukuhamba kuze kube yilapho sekuqedwa khona.
Isifo se-Alzheimer - isikhathi sokuphila
Kulesi sigaba ekuthuthukiseni isayensi yezokwelapha, lesi sifo sibhekwa singelapheki. Uma othile osithandayo ethinteka yisifo se-Alzheimer, isigaba sokugcina, bangaki abahlala kuso, sijabulisa abantu abaningi. Kuyafaneleka ukuqonda ukuthi uma kwenzeka ukucindezeleka okunzima impilo yeziguli igxila ikakhulukazi izinga lokunakekelwa kwabo. Ngokuvamile, lapho isigaba sokugcina sesifo sigcinwa, ungahlali ngaphezu konyaka, unakekelwa kahle - okuningi. Kulesi simo, ukufa akuveli ngenxa yesifo se-Alzheimer ngokwayo, kodwa ngenxa yezinkinga ezihlobene nokukhubazeka - i-pneumonia, izilonda zomshoshaphansi, i-thrombosis, njll.
Isifo se-Alzheimer - ukwelashwa
Uma ukuguga ukubona isifo sochwepheshe kuyinto elula ekutadisheni ama-anamnesis nokutholakala kwezibonakaliso zezinzwa zezinzwa nezinzwa ze-neuropsychological, isifo sokuqala se-Alzheimer sitholakala ukuthi siyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuze uhlolwe kahle, izivivinyo ezikhethekile ze-neurological kanye nezifundo zezinsimbi zibekiwe:
- i-computer ne- imagination resonance imagin ;
- ukukhishwa kwe-single-photon okuhlanganisiwe kwe-tomography;
- i-postitron emission tomography.
Njengoba kungakakhona ukwelapha izifo, ukwelashwa kuhloswe ukunciphisa inkambo, ezinye ziyehlisa ukuqhubekela phambili nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila yesiguli, amasu okusebenza kwengqondo adlala indima ebalulekile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa:
- umculo wezokwelapha - iziguli zihlanganisa umculo ovusa imizwelo emihle, izinhlangano ngezikhathi ezisukela ebuntwaneni nasekukhuleni;
- ubuchwepheshe bezobuciko - amakilasi e-art elula (ukudweba, ukulinganisa);
- ukuhlanganiswa kwezinzwa - okubandakanya isiguli emisebenzini engavumelekile yasekhaya, okwenza umsebenzi womzimba;
- isisusa somsebenzi wengqondo - ukuxazulula amaphuzu e-crossword, ukufunda, ukukhumbula ngezwi nemisho, njll.
Uma unakekela isiguli kufanele ulandele izincomo ezilandelayo:
- isimo sengqondo sokuziqaphela nokubekezela;
- ukuhlinzekwa ngesikhathi esifanele kuzo zonke imisebenzi ebalulekile;
- ukudala izimo ezihlelekile zokuhlala;
- ukunamathela emisebenzini yansuku zonke;
- ukuvimbela izinkinga.
Isifo se-Alzheimer - ukwelashwa (izidakamizwa)
Iziguli ezitholwa ngesifo se-Alzheimer zingathola imithi elandelayo yokwelapha:
- i-cholinesterase inhibitors (i-Razadin, i-Aricept, i-Exelon) - iphazamisa ukucaciswa kwe-acetylcholine ye-neurotransmitter;
- i-glutamate (i-Memantine) -ukunciphisa izinga le-main stimulating mediator of the brain, okwenza kube nomonakalo kumangqamuzana ezinzwa;
- I-neuroleptics (i-Aminazine, i-Haloperidol, i-Clozapine) - ukuqeda ama-psychopathic neurotic states;
- ukuthula (Imovan, Buspirone) - ukuqeda ukukhathazeka, ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo;
- ama-antidepressants (Prozac, Anafanil, uSertralin) - ayeke ukuhlaselwa kobudlova, ukuhlaselwa kwe-panic.
Ukwelashwa kwama-folk izifo zabantu base-Alzheimer's disease
Isifo se-Alzheimer, ukwelashwa ekhaya okwenziwa ngokuvumelana nezinhlelo ezibekwe udokotela, akufaki ukusetshenziswa kwamasu omuntu ukuze kube lula ukugeleza. Ngakho-ke, iziguli eziningi zinganconywa izimali ezithuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi, ukondleka kobuchopho, nokuthuthukisa ithoni yomzimba:
- i-tincture ye-root ginseng;
- i-tincture ye-aralia;
- I-tincture ye-Dioscorean yaseCaucasus, njll.
Okusha ekwelapheni kwesifo se-Alzheimer's
Ukwelashwa kwesifo se-Alzheimer ekuqaleni kwesikhashana kuyisihluthulelo sokuvimba ukuqhubekela phambili okusheshayo nokukhulisa impilo yesiguli. Ososayensi bayaqhubeka befuna izindlela zokwelapha eziphumelelayo, kanti omunye wabaphambili ngalesi sikhathi angabizwa ngokuthi:
- ukufakelwa kwama cell stem;
- ukwethulwa kwe-nanoparticles ezibopha futhi zibhubhise amapulethi asebenzayo;
- ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibodies okuvuselela ukuzivikela ekuphikeleni ama-peydedi amyloid.
Ukuvimbela Izifo Zama-Alzheimer
Azikho izindlela ezingavimbela abakwa-Alzheimer kwabesifazane, kodwa ukunamathela endleleni yokuphila enempilo kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yalesi sifo. Izincomo eziyinhloko zimi kanje:
- ukudla okunengqondo;
- umsebenzi womzimba;
- ukwenqaba utshwala nokubhema;
- umsebenzi wengqondo;
- ukulawula ukucindezeleka kwegazi nesisindo somzimba.
Isivivinyo Sesifo Se-Alzheimer
Inombolo enkulu yokuhlolwa kokuhlonza iye yasungulwa, ngenxa yokuthi yikuphi ukushayeka komqondo okungaqondakali okungatholakala kuzinyathelo zokuqala. Eziningi zazo zingenziwa ekhaya. Isibonelo, ungacela umuntu ukudweba ephepheni nge-dial yewashi ezandla zakhe zibonisa isikhathi esithile. Ezinkingeni zokusebenza kobuchopho zithi akunakwenzeka ukusebenza kahle kwalolu msebenzi, ukucabanga kwamaphutha (ukukhishwa kokudayela nezinombolo, amaphutha endaweni yombhobho, njll). Hlola abathandekayo bakho ukuthi bahlolisise lesi sifo, ubahlinze imisebenzi embalwa elula.
Inombolo yokuhlola 1 (ukuhlola imemori nokucabanga okungaqondakali):
- Ngaphakathi komzuzu owodwa, faka amagama ayishumi aqala ngencwadi ethi "A" noma "B".
- Kungakapheli umzuzu, shayela izilwane ezifuywayo eziyishumi.
- Funda umbhalo obhaliwe:
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Inombolo yokuhlola 2 (ukuhlola ukusebenza kwe-nerf olfactory):
- Lungisa imbiza yebhokisi le-peanut (iphunga layo lijwayele wonke umuntu) kanye nombusi.
- Isihloko kufanele sigcine amehlo akhe nomlomo.
- Letha amafutha emakhaleni akhe angakwesokunxele ebangeni elingama-23 cm.
- Ukunciphisa, ihlolwe kumele inqume umkhiqizo.