Isizwe ngasinye sinemikhosi ekhethekile elandelwa ukulungiselela ngokucophelela kanye nemikhosi enkulu. AmaJuda abuye abe neholidi lawo, elibizwa ngokuthi "iPurim." Umlando weholide yamaPurim uqala esikhathini esedlule, lapho amaJuda ehlakazeka ngaphesheya kombuso wasePheresiya, owawusuka eTopiya waya eNdiya .
Iyini iholide yamaJuda kaPurim eyinikezelwe?
Umlando wePurimu usetshenziswe eNcwadini kaEsteri, lapho amaJuda abiza umqulu kaMegillat u-Esteri. Amaqiniso achazwe encwadini ayenzeka ngaphansi kokubusa kweNkosi u-Ahashiveroshi, owabusa iPheresiya kusukela ngo-486 kuya ku-465 BC. Inkosi yanquma ukuba nomkhosi enhloko-dolobha yaseSuzan, ngesikhathi efuna ukukhombisa ubuhle besithandwa sakhe, uTarina Vashti. Owesifazane wenqaba ukuya ezihambelweni ezimenywe, okwakumcasula kakhulu u-Ahashverosh.
Khona-ke, lapho ethanda, amantombazane angcono kakhulu asePheresiya ayelethwa esigodlweni, futhi abaningi babethanda intombazane engumJuda okuthiwa u-Esther. Ngaleso sikhathi wayeyintandane futhi wakhulela emzini kaMoridekayi umfowabo. Inkosi yanquma ukwenza u-Esteri umkakhe omusha, kodwa le ntombazane ayitshelanga umyeni wakhe ngezimpande zakhe ezingamaJuda. Ngaleso sikhathi i-tsar yayilungisa umzamo futhi uMoridekayi wakwazi ukuxwayisa u-Ahashiveroshi ngodadewabo, kunalokho empeleni wamsindisa.
Ngemva kwesikhashana, inkosi yenza wonke amaJuda kaHamani umeluleki wakhe isitha. Ngaphambi kwakhe, ngokwesaba, wonke umuntu ohlala umbuso wayekhothama ikhanda, ngaphandle kukaMoridekayi. UHamani wanquma ukuphindiselela kuye nabo bonke abantu bamaJuda futhi, ngokusebenzisa inkohliso nokukhohlisa, bathola enkosini umyalo wokubhubhisa wonke amaPheresiya anemiphakathi yamaJuda. Ngokwaba, lokhu kwakuzokwenzeka ngomhla we-13 wenyanga ka-Adari. Khona-ke uMarhodei wabika lokhu kudadewabo, owacela inkosi ukuba ivikele wonke amaJuda, ngoba yena ngokwakhe uyingxenye yalaba bantu. Inkosi ecasuliwe yayala uHamani ukuba abulawe futhi asayine isimemezelo esisha ngokusho ukuthi yiziphi izinombolo ezingu-13 ezihlala embusweni wamaJuda zingabhubhisa bonke abazondayo, kodwa aziqapheli ukuziphanga ekhaya. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu abangaphezu kuka-75,000, kuhlanganise namadodana ayishumi kaHamani, babhujiswa.
Ngemva kokunqoba, amaJuda agubha insindiso yabo yemilingo, futhi uMarhodaya waba umeluleki omkhulu wenkosi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-Purim yamaJuda iye yaba umkhosi okhombisa insindiso yawo wonke amaJuda avela ekufeni nasekuhlazweni.
Amasiko weholidi lePurimu
Namuhla, i-Purim iyinto ekhethekile kubo bonke abantu bamaJuda, futhi imikhosi ehlonishwayo yenzeka endaweni ejabulisayo futhi elula. Izinsuku ezisemthethweni zomkhosi ziyi-14 no-15 Adar. Lezi zinsuku azihlali ziguqukile futhi zishintsha njalo ngonyaka. Ngakho, ngo-2013 iPurim yagujwa ngoFebhuwari 23-24, kanti ngo-2014 ngoMashi 15-16.
Ngosuku lapho uPurim egujwa khona kuyisiko ukwenza lokhu okulandelayo:
- Ukufunda imiqulu . Ngesikhathi sokuthandaza esinagogeni, abafundi bafunda imiqulu evela encwadini ka-Esteri. Ngalesi sikhathi, labo abakhona baqala ukusika, ukushaya umlozi ukwenza umsindo ngezici ezikhethekile. Ngakho-ke, basho ukudelela inkumbulo yezimiso ezimbi. Kodwa uRabbi uvame ukuphikisana nokuziphatha okunjalo esinagogeni.
- Ukudla okunomsoco . Kuyinto evamile ukuphuza iwayini elikhulu ngalolu suku. Ngokusho kwencwadi eyinhloko yobuJuda, udinga ukuphuza uze uyeke ukuhlukanisa,
kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usho izibusiso kuMoridekayi noma uqalekise uHamani. Kuleliholidi, ama-biscuits nawo aphekwe ngesimo "sesigxathu" ngokugcwaliswa kwejamu noma i-poppy. - Izipho . Ngosuku lwePurimu kuyisiko ukunikeza isinkwa esiphundu ezihlotsheni futhi unike izipho kumpofu.
- I-Carnival . Ngesikhathi sokudla, ukusebenza okuncane okusekelwe ezindabeni ze-Esther kudlalwa. Ku-Purim kuyisiko ukugqoka izingubo ezahlukene, futhi amadoda angagqoka izingubo zabesifazane futhi ngokufanayo. Esikhathini esivamile, izenzo ezinjalo zivinjelwe ngokweqile umthetho wamaJuda.