Isifo esinjalo, njenge-arthrosis yamadolo ehlangene, sihola phakathi kwezinye izilonda ezihlangene emvuthwandaba wezenzakalo, kanti iningi leziguli ziba abesifazane. Emibuthanweni yezokwelapha, i-arthrosis yale ndawo yakhiwe ngokuthi i-gonarthrosis. Cabangela ukuthi kungani lesi sifo siqala, ukuthi sibonakala kanjani futhi siphathwa kanjani.
I-osteoarthritis - izimbangela
Ukuze siqonde isimo kanye nezimbangela ze-arthrosis, ake siphenduke ekuthunjeni. Ibhokisi elihlangene limelelwa yinkimbinkimbi yonke yezakhiwo - amathambo, i-tendon, i-ligament, isisulu, isaba. Umngcele ongaphezulu wehlangene uwukuphela kokuphela kwethanga, umngcele ophansi umelelwa yisigaba esiphezulu se-tibia, ngaphambi kokuba kunqunywe i-patella, nangemva - ngemisipha.
Izakhiwo ezihlabayo zihlanganiswe nezicubu zomzimba, ubukhulu obuyi-5-6 mm. Lesi sakhiwo senza imisebenzi yokumisa futhi kunciphise ukungezwani kokunyakaza kwe-flexion-extensor. I-cartilage ihlinzekwa yi-fluid eqhubekayo egeleza eyenziwe yi-synovial membrane, ehlanganisa indawo engeyona eyakhelwe kuyo. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla, izicubu ze-cartilaginous ziba mncane kakhulu, zilahlekelwe ukuqina, ziqhekeke futhi ziqale kancane kancane, zilahlekelwe yizindawo zayo.
I-cartilage engasebenziyo yenza ukwanda komthwalo emathanjeni amathanga, okuqala ukubola nokukhula njengendlela yokuzivikela ngokuvikela izimpande nezimbulunga. Izinqubo eziguquguqukayo nazo zithinta ulwelwesi lwe-synovial, i-ligaments, i-muscle fibers. Konke lokhu kubangela ubunzima ekuhambeni kokuhlanganiswa nokuphambuka kwe-axis yomlenze kusuka endaweni efanele. Lona ukuthuthukiswa kwe-arthrosis yehlangothini lamadolo.
Izinqubo ze-arthrosis ze-pathological zivame ukuvela ngenxa yezizathu eziningana zokubangela, okuholela ekuphazamiseni ekuhlinzekeni kwezicubu zomzimba, okuyinhloko kuwo okulandelayo:
- izici zokuzalwa (i- dysplasia ehlangene );
- umonakalo ohlangene owonakalayo obuthinta isakhiwo samathambo, amagamente, imisipha, izicubu zomzimba (izivunguvungu, ukuchithwa, ama-fractures, i-sprains);
- isifo somzimba we-musculoskeletal, lapho umthwalo ohlanganyelwe usatshalaliswa ngokungalingani (i- scoliosis , i- kyphosis , izinyawo eziphansi);
- imisebenzi edluliselwe emadolweni (isibonelo, ukususa i-meniscus );
- imithwalo eningi ngokweqile emilenzeni ephansi ehambisana nemidlalo noma umsebenzi;
- umsebenzi omzimba ophansi kakhulu, ukungahambi kahle;
- ukukhuluphala;
- izifo ezihambisana nemisipha ehlala isikhathi eside imisipha noma izitsha zemilenze;
- izinqubo zokuvuvukala ezakhiweni ezihlangene (ngenxa ye- arthritis ye-rheumatoid , i-arthritis ene-systic lupus erythematosus, izifo eziphuthumayo);
- ukwephulwa kwezinqubo zemithi emzimbeni, i-endocrine pathologies;
- ukuguga komzimba.
I-osteoarthritis yamadolo - izimpawu
I-pathology iqala kancane kancane, kancane kancane, ekuqaleni kokungaqondakali isiguli, okwenza kube lula ukukhathazeka, futhi kamuva kuholela ezimpawu ezinzima, futhi ngezinye izikhathi - ukukhubazeka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izimbangela ze-arthrosis zamadolo zihlangene, kucatshangelwa ukuqina kwamathambo, izigaba ezintathu ze-gonarthrosis ziyahlukahluka, ngasinye esingaziwa ngesithombe esikhethekile somtholampilo.
I-osteoarthritis yehlangothini lamadolo ihluke kwezinye izifo ze-articular ngokutholakala kwezinhlobo ezithile zobuhlungu:
- "Qala ubuhlungu" , okwenzeka ngemuva kokuhlala isikhathi eside endaweni yokuphumula ekuqaleni kokunyakaza, bese uthayipha noma ushiywe ngemuva kwesizinda somsebenzi (ngemuva kwesigamu sehora). Lokhu kungenxa yokungqubuzana kwezindawo ezihlabayo, lapho izingcezu ezincane zamathambo awela phansi kanye ne-cartilage zihlala khona. Ukuhamba kwesibambiso kuholela ekuxosheni kwalezi zinhlayiya ezibhubhisayo zibe yizikhwama zesikhwama se-articular, okubhekene nayo lapho ubuhlungu buya khona.
- "Ukuvinjelwa kokubambisana" - ukuhlukumeza okuphuthumayo isifo ngenxa yokubonakala kwe "i-articular mouse", okuyi-piece of cartilage noma ithambo elibukhali. I-fragment ephukile iphoyintiwe phakathi kwezingxenye ezihlabayo noma ifakwe ezinhlobonhlobo ezilula, okwenza ubuhlungu obunzima bokuphatha futhi ukungakwazi ukwenza ngisho nokunyakaza okuncane kuhlangene.
I-Gonarthrosis degree 1
Ekuqaleni kwesifo, idolo alifani nokuphilile, akukho ukukhubazeka. I-Gonarthrosis yamadolo ehlangene wezinga eli-1 libhekene ne-blood circulation disorder emithonjeni encane ye-intraosseous eyondla i-cartilage, ngakho-ke iyaqala ukuma futhi ilula. Lokhu kuhlotshaniswa nobuhlungu obuyinkimbinkimbi ngezikhathi ezithile ngemuva komsebenzi wemoto, ukuphakamisa izisindo noma ukuhlala endaweni yokuma isikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kube nokuvuvukala okuncane ku-patella.
I-Gonarthrosis yezinga lesi-2
Njengoba le-pathology iqhubeka, izakhiwo zamathambo, i-membrane ye-synovial, ziyathinteka, futhi ukukhubazeka kokudla okunomdlavuza kuyaqina. Kukhona ukuwohloka kwe-capsule yehlangene, ukubukeka kwama-osteophytes. I-Gonarthrosis yamadolo ehlangene wezinga lesibili libhekwa ngezimpawu ezikhulayo, ngezinhlungu ezibonakala ngokuphindaphindiwe, zihlala isikhathi eside, zizwa ziphethe imithwalo engadingekile. Iziguli zingakwazi ukubona ukuqina kohambo, ukubonakala kwe-crunch. I-osteoarthritis yamadolo ehlangene wezinga lesibili livame ukubonakaliswa ngokubonakala njalo kwe-edema nokunye ukukhubazeka kwamadolo.
I-Gonarthrosis yezinga lesi-3
Lapho i-arthrosis yamadolo iphakama, izimpawu zishiya ngokungangabazeki ekuxilongweni. Ngalesi sigaba, i-cartilage ayitholakali, umsebenzi we-ligament kanye nomisipha uphazanyiswa, ihlangene nezinyathelo zikhubazekile kakhulu (umlenze othintekile uba yi-O noma ifomu le-X). Izinhlungu ziphazamise isiguli njalo, kunomkhawulo omkhulu wokuhamba emadolweni. I-gait ibonakala ukungabi nokuzimelela, ukudlula, iziguli zidinga umhlanga noma izintonga.
I-gonarthrosis ye-Bilateral
Ngokuvamile lesi sifo siqala ngamadolo amabili, kodwa kamuva okwesibili, ukuthola umthwalo okhulayo, kubandakanyeka ezinkambisweni zokugula. Kwezinye izimo, i-arthrosis enomonakalo ohlangene wokuguqa ngamadolo ihlotshaniswa nezici ezingenasici, khona-ke izilonda zakha ukulinganisa. Ngesilinganiso esinzima se-gonarthrosis yamazwe amabili, izimpawu zazo ikakhulukazi ezithinta abantu asebekhulile, zingaholela ekulahlekelweni okuphelele kokukwazi ukuhamba.
I-osteoarthritis - ukuxilongwa
Iziguli ezakha i-kneon joint gonarthrosis zinikezwa ukuhlolwa okuyinkimbinkimbi ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, ukukhomba izimbangela ezingenzeka kanye nobukhulu besilonda, okungabandakanya:
- I-X-ray imaging - ibonisa isimo se-menisci ne-cartilage (eduze nobubanzi be-gap ehlangene), ukutholakala noma ukungabikho kwamathambo okukhula, izimpawu zethambo lokubhujiswa;
- I-ultrasound ne-MRI yamalungu amadolo - ukubona izinguquko ezinhlobonhlobo eziluhlaza, inani le-intra-articular fluid;
- I-CT yamalungu amadolo - ukutadisha okuningiliziwe kwezinguquko ezakhiweni zethambo;
- ukuhlaziywa kwe-synovial fluid - kunqunywe ukuvuvukala kokubambisana ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo ezivuthayo nezokudabuka;
- i-arthroscopy - indlela yokuhlola okuqondile okubukwayo, lapho ikhamera yevidiyo efakwe emgodleni ohlangene;
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nomchamo.
I-osteoarthritis yamadolo ahlangene - ukwelashwa
Indlela yokuphatha i-arthrosis yamadolo ehlangene esimweni ngasinye, udokotela kufanele atshele ngemuva kokwenza izinyathelo zokuxilonga. Kunoma yikuphi, kudingeka uhlolisise ukwelashwa eside ngokuhambisana ngokugcwele nezincomo zezokwelapha - kuphela ngale ndlela ungazuza imiphumela emihle. Izimiso eziyinhloko zokwelashwa zihlanganisa:
- ukuvivinya umzimba;
- ukusikhipha;
- amasu e-physiotherapy (UHF, electrophoresis, i- phonophoresis , i-diadynamic currents, i-magneto- kanye ne-laser therapy);
- ukuphathwa kwezidakamizwa;
- ukusetshenziswa kwezimo ze-orthopedic.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungadingeka ukuthi uphathe ukwelashwa kwe-pathologies eyinhloko eyenza i-arthrosis yamadolo, ukujwayelekile kwesisindo somzimba, ukukhethwa kwezicathulo ezikhululekile. Iziguli kufanele zihlele kahle imiso yabo yansuku zonke, zenze umsebenzi wokuzivocavoca nokuphumula, ukuze umthwalo emajoyini ukhishwe. Ngezinguquko ezonakalisayo ezonakalisayo, lapho ukwelashwa okulondolozayo kungasebenzi, kusetshenziselwa ukungenelela okuhlinzayo - knee arthroplasty.
Ungasusa kanjani ukuvuvukala kwamadolo nge-arthrosis?
Njengoba i-arthrosis yokukhubazeka emadolweni ehlangene ihambisana nokuvuvukala kwamadolo, kubalulekile ukufunda ukuqeda lesi sibonakaliso, okuvimbela impilo yansuku zonke. Iziguli, okokuqala, kufanele zilungise ukudla ukuze umzimba ungenzi ukugcinwa kwamanzi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kasawoti, ushukela, imikhiqizo esiphelile, inyama, ukudla okunamafutha.
Ngokuqondile ekususweni kwachwepheshe be-edema bavame ukuncoma ukwenza ukucindezela nge-Dimexide, eyenzeka ngenxa yokwazi ukuthuthukisa izinqubo zokuxilonga kulesi sifo. Kuyadingeka ukuba uhambise ucezu lwe-gauze, ugoqwe izikhathi eziningana, kwisisombululo esihlambulukileyo se-Dimexide ehlanjululwe emanzini ngamanzi, cindezela kancane bese unamathele emadolweni agule. Ukumboza phezulu nge-plastic, bamba imizuzu engu-20-40. Izinqubo zingenziwa nsuku zonke ubusuku nezinkambo ze-10-15.
Amafutha e-arthrosis ehlangene ngamadolo
Uma i-arthrosis yamadolo itholakele, ukwelashwa ekhaya kwenziwa ezimweni eziningi usebenzisa amalungiselelo wendawo ngendlela yamafutha, ama-gel, ama-crams. Lezi zimali zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana:
- izidakamizwa ezingekho-steroidal ezilwa nokuvuvukala (Diclofenac, Naise, Ketonal, Indomethacin, Voltaren, Dolobene) - ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala, i-anesthetize;
- ukufudumala (Apizartron, Gavkamen, Espol, Viprosal, Kapsikam, Finalgon) - abe nomphumela wokuhlaziya ngenxa yokugqugquzela ukugeleza kwegazi, ukuthuthukisa i-trophic cartilage nama-soft tissues;
- ama-chondroprotectors (i-Chondroxide, i-Chondroart, i-Aflutop, i-Teraflex) - ubuyisele izicubu zomzimba, kusebenze ukuhlanganiswa kwe-intraarticular fluid, ukunciphisa ubukhulu bezimpawu.
Ukujula emadolweni okuhlangene ne-arthrosis - izidakamizwa
Kwezinye izimo, isibonelo, uma kutholakala ama-effusions okuhlangene noma ubuhlungu obunzima, kubonakala ukuthi amajojo anikezwa emadolweni ngenxa ye-arthrosis yamadolo. Amalungiselelo angakapheli amaqembu alandelayo asetshenziselwa ukujova:
- i-corticosteroids (i-Diprospan, i- Hydrocortisone, i-Triamcinolone);
- amalungiselelo e-hyaluronic acid (i-Hyalurum, i-Synocrome, i-Fermatron);
- abakhiqizi be-chondroprotectors (Aflutop, Dona, Hondrolon);
- i-Novocaine ye-anesthetic.
Amaphilisi e-Gonarthrosis
Ake sicabangele ukuthi iziphi izibhebhe ezingasetshenziswa iziguli ezine-arthrosis yamadolo:
- izidakamizwa ezingekho-steroidal anti-inflammatory (Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen, Analgin);
- ama-chondroprotectors (i-Glucosamine, i-Chondroitin sulfate, i-Dona, iTeraflex, i-Piascladin).
I-osteoarthritis yamadolo ndawonye-ukwelashwa ngamakhambi abantu
Uma kutholakala i-gonarthrosis yokuqala, ukwelashwa kungenziwa ukwesekwa ngezindlela ezingezona zendabuko, eziningi zazo ezibonisa ukuphumelela okukhulu. Isibonelo, ukugaya i-garlic kusiza ekuthuthukiseni ukujikeleza kwegazi kwamathambo okuzungezile, ukugcoba u-cartilage okunomsoco, ukunciphisa ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala.
I-prescription isho
Izithako:
- i-garlic - ikhanda eli-1;
- amafutha yemifino - 200 mg.
Ukulungiselela nokusebenzisa
- I-garlic chop, uthele amafutha.
- Beka isitsha nge-tincture yamafutha endaweni emnyama isonto, ukuthuthumela ngezikhathi ezithile.
- Gubha ukuhlanganyela okugulayo ebusuku.
Ukuzivocavoca kwe-arthrosis yehlangothini lamadolo
I-LFK nge-arthrosis yamadolo ehlangene yenziwa ngemuva kokususwa kokuvuvukala okukhulu nokuqeda ubuhlungu obukhulu. Ukuzivocavoca kufanele kwenziwe njalo, ngolunye usuku kufanele linikezwe ngalo imizuzu engu-30-40, uhlukanise lesi sikhathi zibe yisikhathi samaminithi angu-10. Ukuzivocavoca okukhethiwe kahle kwe-arthrosis emadolweni okuhlangene kusiza ukubuyisela ukujikeleza kwegazi, ukuqinisa imisipha kanye nemigqa, ukuvuselela imisebenzi yezinhlaka ezihlangene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziguli ziyasiza ukuhamba, ukubhukuda, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili, i-pilates.
Ijaji emadolweni nge-arthrosis
Odokotela bancoma ukuthi bagqoke amalunga akhethekile edolo ngamadolo ase-knee arthrosis, okusiza ukuqinisekisa isimo esilungile se-anatomical, ukusiza ukuhamba, ukuvimbela ukuvuvukala. Gqoka imikhiqizo enjalo kufanele ibe ngamahora angu-2 kuya kwangu-8 ngosuku, ukugqoka ngaphambi kokusebenza ngokomzimba. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani ama-knee e-arthrosis emadolweni ahlangene kahle, okudingeka udane nochwepheshe. Imikhiqizo ingavuleka, ivaliwe futhi inamathele, eyenziwe ngezinto ezihlukene, ibe nezinga elihlukile lokuqina.