Esinye sezizathu ezivame kakhulu ukubiza ithimba le-ambulensi yisifo senhliziyo noma ukuhlukunyezwa okukhulu kwe-myocardial - isimo somtholampilo esidinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo.
Ukuhlasela kwe-infarct
I-myocardium iyinhlitiyo yenhliziyo, idala ukuphambana kwesigqi, ukushintsha nokuphumula. Nge-infarction ye-myocardial, ukunikezwa kwegazi kwengxenye ye-muscle ye-heart kungazelelwe ngenxa yokuvalwa okuphelele kwe-artery coronary ehambisa igazi le-oksijeni-eligcwele. Ngokuvamile lokhu kuholela ekusungulweni kwe-thrombus kwi-plaque ye-atherosclerotic, ngokuvamile ukuvimbela ukukhanya kwe-lumen ye-artery coronary. Kulesi simo, isayithi le-myocardium lishiywa umsoco futhi lifa, futhi umsila oshonile uthathelwa kancane kancane ngesisindo esibuhlungu.
Ukuhlasela kwesifo senhliziyo kuhambisana nezimpawu eziyisisekelo ezifana nalezi:
- ubuhlungu obukhulu besifuba obuya entanyeni, ingalo, emuva, umhlathi;
- isikhumba sesikhumba, ukujuluka okubandayo;
- isimo sokuphelelwa yisikhathi.
Kodwa-ke, kunemibonakaliso ye-atypical ye-infarction ye-myocardial, ngenxa yokuthi ingayinakwa. Isibonelo, ngezinye izikhathi kubonakala sengathi kungathi kufana nokukhwabanisa noma kuhambisana nobunzima bokuphefumula nokushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ngokushesha umthambo we-coronary ovulekile uvulwa, kancane kancane inhliziyo iyolimaza, ngakho-ke, uma kusolwa ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo, i-ambulensi kufanele ibizwe ngokushesha.
Amafomu we-infarction ye-myocardial
I-infarction ye-myocardial ihlukaniswa kanje:
Ngezigaba zokuthuthukiswa:
- i-acute, noma isigaba somonakalo (kusuka emahoreni amabili kuya kwangu-24) - ukwakheka kwe-necrosis yesayithi sensimu yenhliziyo;
- isigaba esibucayi - ukuvuvukala kwengxenye efile ye-myocardium, kuhambisana nokuvuvukala kule ndawo nokwanda kokushisa komzimba;
- isigaba sokuhlukumezeka - inqubo yokwakheka kobunzima;
- isigaba esingapheli - isiqephu sombala.
Ngomsindo (ubukhulu) besilonda:
- ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo enkulu (okubanzi);
- infarction encane-focal (ngokuvamile atypical).
Ngokwezifiso:
- i-infarction ye-ventricular yangakwesokunxele (i-anterior, i-lateral, iphansi, i-posterior);
- ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo okuhlukile;
- ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-septum yangasese, njll.
Ukwelashwa kwe-infarction eyingozi ye-myocardial
Iziguli zihanjelwe esibhedlela futhi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala zigcinwa ukuqapha okuqhubekayo ekamelweni lokunakekelwa okukhulu.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo senhliziyo kuhlanganisa imithi elandelayo:
- abaphulukisi;
- izidakamizwa ezikhuthaza ukuchithwa kwe-thrombus;
- izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ukucindezelwa kwegazi;
- imithi eyanciphisa ivolumu yegazi ejikelezayo;
- izidakamizwa ezinciphisa izinga lenhliziyo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka ukuphumula okuqinile okubhebhe, nokunakekelwa kahle kwesiguli ukuze ugweme ukulala kanye nezinye izinkinga.
Ukubuyiselwa ngemuva kwe-infarction ye-myocardial
Emva kokudluliswa kwesifo senhliziyo cishe ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, kubalulekile ukugcina umgomo wokulinda. Esikhathini esizayo, umsebenzi ohilela ukucindezeleka ngokomzimba noma ngokomzwelo awunqatshelwe.
Ukuvuselelwa kwesiguli kuqala esibhedlela ngokubuyiselwa kwamakhono ayisisekelo alahlekile (ukuhamba ngendlela, ukuhlanzeka kwenhlanzeko), bese uqhubeka ezimweni zesikhungo sokuvuselela, indawo yokuhlenga noma i-polyclinic.
Ngokususelwa eminyakeni yobudala, isisindo sesiguli, ubunzima bokulimala ezinhlungwini zenhliziyo kanye nezifo ezihambisanayo, isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi yokwelapha umzimba senzelwe ukuhlukunyezwa. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kusekelwe emithwalweni ye-aerobic (okwenza ukuthi i-oxygenation yegazi) ihlelwe ukwandisa ukukhuthazela ngokomzimba nangokwenhliziyo. Kanti futhi, ukusikhipha umzimba kunqunyelwe ukuthuthukisa ukujikelezwa kwe-coronary, ukusheshisa ukugeleza kwegazi, ukucindezela ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo.
Ukuhamba okuphakanyisiwe, umsebenzi omzimba okhanyayo (engadini, ekhaya), ocebile amavithamini okunomsoco nokuvinjelwa kwamafutha esilwane,
Ukuvimbela i-infarction ye-myocardial
Ukuze kuvikelwe izifo kuphakanyiswa:
- umsebenzi ovamile ngokomzimba;
- ukulawula isisindo somzimba;
- ukulahla imikhuba emibi;
- ukujwayelekile komfutho wegazi;
- ukujwayelekile kwezinga le-cholesterol egazini ;
- ukwamukela i-acetylsalicylic acid.