Enye yemigomo yokuhlaziywa kwezinto eziphilayo njengoba ithuluzi eliyinhloko lokuxilonga ukucacisa ukuba khona kwe-bilirubin emcimbini kanye nezinye izinto. Kubantu abanempilo, le enzyme iqukethe umchamo ngezilinganiso ezincane ukuthi izidakamizwa zendabuko aziyitholi, ngakho-ke kuvame ukukholelwa ukuthi ukujwayelekile kungabikho kwe-bilirubin emcinini. Ngaphandle kwalokho baxoxa nge-bilirubinuria. Cabanga ngalokhu ukuphambuka ngokuningiliziwe, kodwa okokuqala, ngendlela elula, sizohlaziya umzimba we-enzyme.
Iphi i-bilirubin evelaphi?
Igazi lomuntu liqukethe ama-corpuscle abomvu (i-erythrocytes), ezinye zazo ezifa ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi zishintshwa yizintsha. Ngesikhathi "sokufa" kwabo, lezi zidumbu zivikela i-hemoglobin, ehlukanisa zibe izingxenye ezimbili: i-molecule ye-heme kanye ne-globin chain. I-ke, ibuye ibonakale kuma-enzyme futhi iba yi-indirect bilirubin engaqondile, into engcolile enobuthi engangena emangqamuzaneni futhi ingabaphazamisa ukuba isebenze ngokujwayelekile.
Imvelo inikeza indlela yokuguqula i-bilirubin engaqondile emgqeni oqondile (ukungena ngaphakathi kwamanzi). Kwenzeka esibindi. Khona-ke, kanye ne-bile, i-enzyme ikhishwa ngokusebenzisa i-duct eya kwi-duodenum.
Uma umsebenzi wesibindi uphulwa, i-bilirubin eqondile itholakala emcinini, futhi ngaphambi kokuba iphonswe kusuka i-bile ibe egazini bese ingena ezinso. Ingxenyana engacacile ye-enzyme ayikwazi ukungena kuwo, ngoba ayincibilika kwamanzi.
Izimbangela ze-bilirubin emcini
I-Bilirubinuria iyimpawu yokukhubazeka kwesibindi ngenxa yokuthi:
- i-jaundice yomshini (ukuhamba nge-bile okusuka esibindi kuhanjiswa emathunjini amancane, kunciphisa - ngokuvamile ngenxa yokuvuvukala kwamaphakheji);
- ukuvuvuka kwesibindi (isibindi) se-viral, ibhaktheriya noma uhlobo oluyingozi;
- i-cirrhosis yesibindi ;
- izidakamizwa zesibindi;
- ukulimala kwesibindi.
Kuzo zonke lezi zimo, ukuvuthwa kwe-urinalysis kubonisa kuphela i-bilirubin eqondile, leyo isibindi esiphumelele ukukhonsa nge-bile emathunjini, ngoba uyagula, futhi i-enzyme ingene egazini nasezinsweni. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-bilirubin ngokuqondile kungaphezu kokuvamile.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunezinkinga lapho kune-overabundance ye-indirect bilirubin (nge-hemolytic anemia, isibonelo), bese ukuhlolwa kwegazi kubonisa, futhi ukuhlaziywa kwe-urine akusho.
Ukunqunywa kwe-bilirubin emcinini
Ukubona i-bile enzyme sebenzisa izindlela eziningana:
- I-Rosina isampula - 2-3 ml we-urine igqoke isisombululo se-1% se-iodine utshwala. Uma indandatho eluhlaza ibonakala emngceleni wamanzi amabili, khona-ke i-bilirubin emcinini iphakanyisiwe (okungukuthi, okwamanje).
- Isivivinyo se-Fouche senziwa ngesisombululo se-barium chloride (15%): ngesamba esingu-5 ml uyifake esitokisini sokuhlola nge-10 ml yomchamo. Zombili iziphuzo zixutshwe bese zidluliselwa esihlalweni. Khona-ke i-reacent ye-Fuchet igxila kwisihlungi. Ukubonakala kwamakhadi aluhlaza kusho ukuthi i-bilirubin emcinini ikhona.
Izimpawu ze-bilirubinuria
Ngoba izizathu lapho i-bilirubin emcinini iphakanyisiwe, ehlotshaniswa nesifo sesibindi futhi ivusa i-enzyme egazini, umngane ojwayelekile we-bilirubinuria yi- jaundice . Esigulini, isikhala samehlo, kanye nezinambuzane ezinamaqanda kanye nezimpikiswano zesikhumba zithola i-tinge ephuzi ebonakala iso.
Izifo ze-hepatic zihambisana nobunzima ku-hypochondrium (ngakwesokudla), ukushisa komzimba okwandisiwe, ukukhwabanisa okubuhlungu nokuzihlambalaza. Umswakama ukhanya ngombala, futhi umchamo ngokuphambene nawo uthola umthunzi omnyama. Ukunambitha kungase kwenzeke noma i-colic hepatic ingenzeka. Uma eziningana zalezi zimpawu zitholakala, udokotela kufanele axoxwe ngaso leso sikhathi, njengoba i-bilirubinuria iyisibonakaliso sesifo esibi kakhulu sesibindi esingadluli ngokwalo.
Ngokuya ngesifo (izimbangela zokuqala ze-bilirubin emcinini), ukwelashwa okufanelekile kunqunywe. Ngaphandle kokwelapha izidakamizwa, kulungile, futhi kudingekile, ukudla.