I-anesthesia yasendaweni iyinhlobo ye-anesthesia yezokwelapha, okuyinto yokucindezelwa ngokuthekisiwe kokuzwela (ikakhulukazi ubuhlungu) ezindaweni ezithile ezivinjiwe zomzimba. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa ngokuvinjelwa kwesistimu yesifo sezinzwa emazingeni ahlukene.
I-anesthesia yendawo yenza kube lula ukwenza izinyathelo ezihlukahlukene zokuhlinzwa, ukugqoka kanye nezinqubo zokuxilonga. Kulesi simo, kuqala ukuzwa ukuzwa ubuhlungu, emva kwalokho ukuzwela kokushisa, ukuzwela okucabangelayo, ukucindezeleka okucindezelayo, ukucindezeleka okuphazamisayo kuyaphazamiseka. Ngokungafani nomuntu jikelele, nge-anesthesia yendawo, ukwazi nokuzwela okujulile kubantu kuqhubeka.
Izinhlobo ze-anesthesia yendawo kanye namalungiselelo abo
Kuye ngesayithi lokuvimbela ukusabalala kwe-nerve impulse, i-anesthesia yendawo ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo eziningana.
Okuphezulu (ukuphela) i-anesthesia
Loluhlobo lwe-anesthesia lendawo luhlinzekwa ngokuqondile ngqo kwezidakamizwa-ukuhlinzekwa kwezidakamizwa ezinezicubu zomzimba. Isibonelo, uma uvula amantombazane amancane, ukupholisa ukuphefumula kusetshenziswa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa izidakamizwa ezifana ne-chloroethyl noma i-ether, lapho iqhutshwa khona yizicubu ziholela ekupholiseni nasekuqhenqeni.
Uma kwenziwa imisebenzi ezithombeni zombono, izitho ze-ENT, izitho zesistimu ye-genitourinary, ubuso besikhumba kanye nezibungu zamangqamuzana ziphathwa ngokunisela ngezixazululo zesisindo, noma amathoni ahlanganiswe kulezi zixazululo asetshenziswa ezindaweni ezidingekayo. Kulokhu, njengezixazululo ze-anesthesia yendawo, izixazululo zisetshenziswa:
- i-novocaine;
- lidocaine ;
- i-trimecaine;
- dicain, njll.
Ukwengeza, ukuhlinzekwa kwe-anesthesia yendawo yangaphandle, i-aerosols, i-rinses. Uma kunesidingo sokuncelisa i-trachea ne-bronchi, indlela yokufisa isetshenzisiwe-ukusungulwa kwesidakamizwa ngesikhala.
I-anesthesia ye-infiltration yangaphakathi
Lolu hlobo lwe-anesthesia lwenziwa ngokufaka izicubu ezinomzimba ezinomzimba endaweni lapho kuzokwenziwa khona izinqubo zokuhlinzwa. Ngakho-ke, izimpawu zomzimba zivinjiwe ngenxa yokuxhumana ngqo ngokuphelelwa kwezinzwa.
I-anesthesia ye-Infiltration ingenziwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu ukufakwa kwesisindo se-novocaine intradermally sinaliti encane esikhathini esizayo. Kulesi simo, ukunciphisa izinzwa ezincane kanye nemitholampilo ye-peripheral iyatholakala.
I-anesthesia yendawo yesifunda
I-anesthesia yesiFunda, ehilela ukwethulwa kwe-anesthetic eduze nendawo enkulu ye-nerve noma i-plexus, ihlukaniswe ku-subspecies enjalo:
- umqhudelwano;
- i-epidural;
- umgogodla ;
- intravascular.
Izindlela ezinjalo ze-anesthesia zisetshenziselwa amazinyo, ekusebenziseni ezitho zangaphakathi (isisu, ubhedu, isilonda senyongo, njll), emlenzeni, nge-fractures, njll. Izixazululo zisetshenziswa kakhulu:
- i-novocaine;
- ephedrine;
- bupivacaine;
- ropivacaine.
Ingabe i-anesthesia yendawo iyingozi?
Naphezu kokusetshenziswa kwe-anesthesia yendawo, kuhlanganise nasekhaya, i-anesthesia enjalo ingaholela ekuphenduleni okuningi nezinkinga:
- ikhanda;
- ukusabela okweqile;
- isicasuli;
- ukuncipha kwengcindezi yegazi;
- ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo;
- ukuxubha;
- ukulahlekelwa kokuqonda;
- Ukungakwazi ukuphefumula, njll.
Nokho, uma kuqhathaniswa lolu hlobo lwe-anesthesia nge-anesthesia jikelele, umuntu angase afike esiphethweni sokuthi i-anesthesia yendawo ivikelekile futhi iyamukeleka.