I-cramps yengane ekushiseni okuphezulu (okubizwa okuthiwa i-febrile convulsions) kwenzeka ezinganeni zangaphambi kwesikole ezinomkhuhlane omkhulu noma izifo ezibangelwa igciwane. Ukuhlukunyezwa kwesithuthwane kungenalo ubudlelwane, kepha kubalulekile ukuwaphatha ngokukhethekile.
Ukuzikhukhumeza izingane - kuyini?
Abazali abesabekayo abachoboza ukushisa kwezingane kuqala ngo-5% wamacala okushisa abantwabhakabhaka ezinganeni kuze kube seminyaka engu-6-7 ubudala, imvamisa ephakeme kakhulu yokubanjwa kwezinkinga isuke kusukela ezinyangeni ezingu-6 kuya eminyakeni engu-3. Ayikho imininingwane ecacile mayelana nalokho okwenzekayo, kodwa-ke, bacabangela ukuqubuka kwesikhashana esifushane ukuze kuphephe, kume emva kokunciphisa ukushisa nokubuyiselwa kwengane.
I-cramps yengane ekushiseni okuphezulu ijwayelekile futhi i-atypical. Ukuqothulwa okuvamile kwenzeka okungaphezu kwesisodwa ngosuku, kuze kufike emizuzwini emihlanu, inqubo eguquguqukayo ihlanganisa wonke umzimba womntwana, futhi ulahlekelwa yimiqondo. Ukuqubuka kwe-apipical kubonakala isikhathi eside (kuze kube ngu-15 imizuzu) kanye nokuphindaphindiwe okuphindaphindiwe, ukuhlukunyezwa kulesi sigameko kuhlanganisa ingxenye yomzimba kuphela.
Ngabe ukushisa kubonakala ngukuphi ukushisa?
Ukudabuka okukhulu kwe-febrile ezinganeni kuvela ekushiseni okungaphezu kwama-38 degrees. Isizathu se-hyperthermia, ngenxa yalokho okukhona ukuqubuzana kwe-febrile, kungaba:
- ibanda;
- i-otitis media;
- i-angina ;
- umkhuhlane;
- i-pneumonia;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo;
- I-Neuroinfection;
- i-meningitis;
- isifo sikashukela mellitus;
- ukugoma njalo;
- ukusabela okweqile;
- i-teething .
Yiziphi izidakamizwa ze-febrile eziyingozi?
Ukuzama ukubhekana nezifo ze-febrile ezinganeni kubhekwa njengengozi uma kungabonakali emva kwalesi sifo futhi kamuva eminyakeni engu-6-7 ubudala. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ingane idinga ukuhlolwa nokuphathwa, okhethwe yi-neurologist. Ukuqothulwa kanzima kuhambisane nesifo sokufa kwesifo - lesi sifo sikhula cishe ku-2% wezingane ezibhekene nokushona kwe-febrile seizures.
Ama-Cramps ekushiseni kwengane - imiphumela yokunakekelwa okungafanele:
- ukukhipha iziqu zokuhlanza, ukuzifaka emgodini wokuphefumula (ukunciphisa umphumela, udinga ukubeka ingane eceleni kwayo);
- ukulimaza (phakathi nokuhlaselwa, kubalulekile ukuvikela umntwana ukuze angaboni izitho noma ikhanda).
Ukwesaba ukukhukhumeza - izimbangela
Incazelo engakhombeki ukuthi kungani ingane ikhungathekile ekushiseni, odokotela abakwenzi, kodwa kunezimbangela eziningana ezibangelwa ukuqubuka komzimba:
- Ukuthuthukiswa okungaqediwe kwesimiso sezinzwa. Lapho eseyingane, isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezingxenye zesimiso sezinzwa asikaphelelanga, ngakho-ke izinqubo zokubakhuthaza zivame kakhulu kunenqubo yokuvimbela. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kuphazamiseka.
- Heredity. Uma esinye sezihlobo sinezinkinga zokugubha njengengane, zingase zisencane. Ukuhlushwa ekuhlaselweni kungenziwa kanye nezingane lapho umndeni lapho kukhona izifo zesithuthwane.
- Izingosi zokuzikhethela. Izinto ezinjalo zihlanganisa ukukhubazeka kwesifo sofuba, ukuhlukunyezwa kokubeletha, ukuphazamiseka kwesimiso somzimba nesifo senhliziyo, isifo senhliziyo, ukudakwa.
Ukuhlukunyezwa kwengane kubonakala kanjani ekushiseni?
Ukuzikhukhumeza ukushisa ekushiseni okuphezulu kwengane kuza ngezindlela ezintathu:
- i-tonic - nale hlobo lokuhlaselwa, yonke imisipha ifaka (ithoni ye-muscle), izandla zibopha esifubeni, imilenze ihanjisiwe, ikhanda liphonswe emuva, ama-cramp akhiqiza ngokweqile futhi kancane kancane;
- I-Atonic - enekhanda emntwaneni kukhona ukuphumula okuphelele kwemisipha (kaningi isisu nesisu sephumula);
- yendawo - efana ne-smastic tic spasms, ngokuhlasela okunjalo kuphela izitho ezingezansi noma ezingenhla ziyathinteka, amehlo avuleka.
Ukudumala kubonakala kanjani ekushiseni kwengane:
- Ulahlekelwa ukuqonda noma ukhula ukuze asabele emvelweni, wakhala.
- Ingane ingayeka ukuphefumula, iguqule okwesibhakabhaka.
- Ukuzizwa kungaqala ephusheni - uma ingane ingakwazi ukuvuka, yiyo.
- Izifo ezincane ezixubile zinamandla kakhulu, ziguqa umzimba womntwana, futhi zibuthakathaka, njengezingxube.
Ama-Cramps ekushiseni kwengane - yini okufanele uyenze?
Uma ingane encane ike yahlaselwa ekushiseni noma isetshenziswe kubo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukulandelana kwezenzo eziyinhloko ngenkathi kuhlasela futhi sikwazi ukunikeza usizo lokuqala. Esikhathini esizayo, zonke izinyathelo kufanele zithathwe ukuze zilaphe futhi zivimbele ukugubha, nokuphulukisa lesi sifo, okuyiyona "eyisizathu" sokuqala kokuhlaselwa.
Ukukhukhumeza izingane ezincane - usizo lokuqala
Ukuphuthuma okuphuthumayo usizo lokuqala lwe-febrile convulsions kuyadingeka ingane, futhi cishe abazali bayofanele banikeze.
Ukwesaba ukukhukhumeza izingane - usizo oluphuthumayo:
- Shayela udokotela. Njengoba i-convulsive syndrome ingabonisa izifo ezibi kakhulu, kudingekile ukuhlolwa okuphuthumayo kwezokwelapha.
- Ukuhlinzeka ngesimo esiphephile nesiphephile. Ingane kufanele ibekwe endaweni ephepheni, ukuqinisekisa ukuphefumula mahhala (susa izingubo eziqinile) kanye nomfutho womoya. Uma i-nausea, ingane kufanele ijikelezwe ukuze izixuku zigeleke ngokukhululekile. Uma umkhuhlane ungasetshenziswanga ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa, faka kuwo ngendlela yekhandlela.
- Ukuqapha isimo somntwana. Ngaphambi kokufika kukadokotela, kufanele uqaphe isimo somntwana ogulayo. Lapho ukuphefumula kweka, qala ukuvuselela (ukuphefumula okufakelwayo).
Ngokufanele ukuhlinzeka ngosizo lokuqala, abazali bangagcina kuphela ukucabanga okucabangelayo nokuziphatha okufanele - uma kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa kwengane, abazali akufanele besabe futhi benze izenzo ezingalungile.
Kuvinjelwe ngokuqinile:
- Ukuzama ukuqukethe ukuxubana ngamandla - ungamsekela kuphela ingane ukuze angazilimazi.
- Ukuzama ukuthola imithi emlonyeni - ngesikhathi se-spasm akusizi ngalutho futhi kuyingozi.
- Faka izinto emlonyeni wakho ukuvimbela ukugwinya ulimi.
- Yenza ukuphefumula okufakelwayo uma ephefumula, kodwa epholile.
- Yenza ukuphefumula okufakelwayo ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa - ama-airways ngalesi sikhathi akhonjiwe.
Ukwesabisa ukukhungatheka kwezingane - ukwelashwa
Eyingozi kusuka kuzo zonke izindawo zokubukwa kubhekwe njengama-hyperthermia anezinga lokushisa eliphakama ngaphezu kuka-38. U-Febrile ukuxubana kwengane ekushiseni okudinga ukudinga izidakamizwa ze-antipyretic. Lapho i-hyperthermia, izingane zinikezwa i- Ibuprofen , i-Ibuklin, i-Paracetamol. Ngokuhlaselwa okuvame ukuqhuma, odokotela banikeze izijovo ze-anticonvulsants ezinzulu - iPhenobarbital, Diazepam, Lorazepam noma abanye. Nika izidakamizwa kuleso sigaba uma udokotela - ukuzivocavoca kungaba yingozi.
Ukwesaba ukukhukhumeza - ukuvimbela
Ukuvame ukuphindaphindiwe okuphindaphindiwe nokuhlala isikhathi eside kungabhebhetheka ekuguleni, ngakho odokotela banquma ukwelashwa kwe-prophylactic - i-sedative ne-anticonvulsants, kudinga ukuthathwa isikhathi eside. I-Phenobarbital neValproate, ezikhathini eziningi ezibekwa izingane ezibhekene nezifo ezinzima, zigcwele imiphumela emibi kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngokuqinile ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwezinzwa zezinzwa.