Ukulimala nokubhema nomphumela wayo empilweni yomuntu

Emaphaketheni kagwayi namuhla ungabona izithombe eziningi ezivusa ukwesaba, abantu abathembele ku-nicotine ngamathemba angenasiphelo ngempilo. Iningi labantu ababhemayo abasabela ngendlela efanayo emifanekisweni enjalo, noma ekukhuthazeni odokotela, ngokuzikholelwa noma ngokuzivuma ukuthi ukulimala kokubhema kugxilile kakhulu. Kodwa ngokumelene namaqiniso nezibalo ongeke uzinqobe: minyaka yonke emhlabeni abantu abayizigidi ezingu-5 bafa, futhi bengenaso isikhathi sokushiya lesi simkhuba esiyingozi .

Zilimaza ekubhemeni ugwayi

Umonakalo ovela ekubhemeni akuyona inganekwane futhi odokotela abangenalutho. Ukuze uhlole ngokucophelela ukungathí sina kwala mazwi, kuyokwanela ukuthola nje ukuthi ugwayi owodwa uqukethe izinto ezingaphezu kuka-4 000 ezinobuthi, phakathi kwazo ezintathu ezibulalayo:

• amagesi anobuthi;
• i-nicotine;
• i-resin.

Umphumela wokubhema emzimbeni womuntu

Ukubhema kulimaza impilo - kuyiqiniso! Kodwa bambalwa abazi ukuthi kwenzekani ngesikhathi esifanayo sokuhlukunyezwa kwe-nicotine emzimbeni:

1. Ngesikhathi sokuqinisa, i-nicotine, izinto ezinobuthi nezinobuthi, imikhiqizo yomlilo njengesixhaso, isobho kanye negesi zingena futhi zithinte zonke izitho zesimiso sokuphefumula.
2. Unyaka e-alveoli yamaphaphu, cishe u-1 kg wezinhlayiya ezinobuthi zihlala.
3. Kukhona umthwalo omkhulu enhliziyweni nasemithanjeni yegazi.
4. Isikhumba, i-skeleton, isibindi nesistimu yokudla kuthola umonakalo omkhulu ekubhemeni.
5. Ezingxenyeni zesimiso sezinzwa, umlutha we-nicotine uyaphawulwa, ngokuhambisana ne-narcotic.
6. Izindlela zokuphefumula kulo lonke impilo yokubhema zisezingeni lokungaqhubi ukuvuvukala, okubangela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-oncology, i-pathologies ye-bronchial kanye nokukhwehlela okungapheli, njengendlela yokuzivikela yomzimba ezinobuthi obuyingozi.
7. Ama-cigarettes anciphisa kakhulu ukugonywa kwengculaza, yenza umzimba ungazinzi ukutheleleka nezifo futhi futhi ube nemiphumela emibi ekusebenzeni kobuchopho.

Ukubhema okungahambi kahle kuthinta umsebenzi wazo zonke izinhlelo kanye nezitho. Kodwa ukulimala kokubhema kwabesifazane, ikakhulukazi okungeyona nulliparous noma okukhulelwe, kwanda kaningi futhi akudlulisi nje kuphela kumama ozayo, kodwa nangomntwana, ngisho noma kungakafiki esibelethweni, kanti umntwana uvele ebala amapulani esikhathini esizayo. Lokho umama "wokubhema" alindele:

• isisindo esanele somntwana ekuzalweni;
• izinga lokuzalwa eliphakeme;
• ukuguqulwa kwe-fetus;
• i-pathologies yesifo sofuba;
• ukukhulelwa kabi nokukhulelwa okuqinile ;
• ukuphuthuma ukuthuthukiswa kwezingane.

Umphumela wokubhema ohlelweni lwezinzwa

Isistimu yezinzwa yilona isixhumanisi esihleliwe kakhulu futhi esibucayi emzimbeni wethu. Ekhuluma ngezingozi zokubhema, okokuqala, ithonya likagwayi esiBethamthetho seNarha kufanele lithathwe njengengozi. Isiyaluyalu ingenye yezinqubo ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukubhema kuyingozi. Ababhemayo abathandayo, uma bevinjiwe, bazizwa bekhuphuka kwamandla, ukuvuselelwa kwemisebenzi yengqondo, ukuqiniswa nokugxila kokunakwa. Lokhu ngezinga elithile liyiqiniso, ngoba i-nicotine, njengesidakamizwa, ekungeneni isebenza isikhungo senjabulo ebuchosheni, okwenza abantu ababhema i-nicotine "izigqila."

Ukunqotshwa kwesistimu ephakeme yezinzwa, okuholela ekuziphatheni okungezansi, ukuhlaselwa kobudlova, ukucasula. Isistimu ye-smipal system iyabhekana nogwayi. Umphumela:

• i-neuritis;
• i-radiculitis;
• polyneuritis.

Umphumela wokubhema ebuchosheni

Umthelela omubi wokubhema emzimbeni mkhulu kakhulu. Izingxenye zokubhema ugwayi zizwela kakhulu ku-CNS nasebuchosheni. Ngaphansi kwethonya le-nicotine, izitsha zobuchopho zilula, ezibangela ubuchopho be-brain, futhi ngenxa yalokho ziqala:

• inkumbulo ebuthakathaka;
• ikhanda elihlelekile;
• ukunakwa okuhlakazekile;
• ukubuthakathaka komsebenzi we-bioelectric wengqondo;

Umphumela wokubhema ohlelweni lwe-cardiovascular

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukulimala kokubhema kufinyelela esimweni senhliziyo. Ingozi yokuthuthukisa izifo zomzimba zabantu ababhemayo yanda izikhathi ezingu-5! Iyini imbangela yomphumela wokugula wokubhema enhliziyweni?

1. I-Hypoxemia - ukuntuleka kwe-oksijeni egazini, ukukhula ngokumelene neminyaka eminingi yokubhema, kuyimbangela yezifo eziningi ze-cardiovascular, kuhlanganise ne-atherosclerosis.
2. I-Nicotine ayiniki nje kuphela ukwandisa ukucindezela ezitsheni futhi ukwandisa umthwalo kubo, kodwa futhi yandisa izinga lama-catecholamines (ama-neurotransmitters) egazini.
3. Izinhlayiya zikagwayi zenza i-vasospasm, eholela emonakalweni nasekusebenzeni umsebenzi wenhliziyo ngenxa yokungabi khona kwe-oxygen. Umphumela wale nethonya isifo senhliziyo yesischemic .
4. Ukwanda kwe-thrombosis kuholela ekuhlaselweni kwenhliziyo, imivimbo.

Umphumela wokubhema emaphethelweni emathunjini

Amacala angaphezu kwama-65% okuthuthukiswa kanye nokukhushulwa kwesilonda esiswini kuhlotshaniswa nokulutha komuthi we-nicotine, futhi lokhu kungenye isizathu esinamandla esenza kube yingozi ukubhema.

1. Ukubhema kuphazamisa ukulawulwa kwemizwa nokwesaba kwesisu, ngenxa yokuthi umuntu obhemayo angathola noma ukulamba okukhulu noma ukuntuleka kokudla okuphelele. Ngenxa yalokhu kuphazanyiswa, uhlelo lokugaya umzimba lulahla izinto ezidingekayo zokugaya ukudla (i-asidi, ne-bile), kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukudla kungene yini esiswini.
2. Ukuzikhukhumeza komunye nomunye kubangela ukugxila kwemisipha ebushelelezi futhi kuvimbela umsebenzi wamathumbu, ukuze ukudla kungadlulela ezingxenyeni ezingenhla kwendlela yokugaya ukudla, kungavumeli umzimba ukuba uthathe zonke izakhi ezidingekayo.
3. Amakhemikhali amaningi enobuthi kagwayi ngogwayi angena esiswini, futhi ngisho namanani amancane akwanele angabangela ukuvuvukala kwe-mucosa yesisu.

Kulimaza ukubhema i-hookah

Ukuzijabulisa okunjalo okwakumdabu waseMpumalanga ngezithelo ezivutha umusi ekuqaleni kokubonakala kubonakala kungenabungozi. Kodwa ingabe kuyingozi kakhulu ukubhema i-hookah? Qonda lokhu kuyadingeka, ngoba ukuthandwa kwezinsizakalo ezinjalo ezindaweni eziningi zokuzijabulisa nsuku zonke kwanda.

Ngokusho kukaMnyango wezeMpilo, ukulimala kokubhema i-hookah nakanjani kukhona! Ucwaningo lwamuva luveze ukuthi:

1. Isikhathi samaminithi we-hookah sokubhema ngokulimaza sinamathelethi ayikhulu kagwayi.
2. Isikhathi se-hookah esingamaminithi angu-45 siphuca umzimba nge-carbon monoxide ngaphezu kweyodwa iphakethe legwayi elula ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinga lokushisa kwamalahle ku-hookah liyi-650 ° C, futhi umusi omazayo uyakwazi ukungena ngisho nangaphakathi ekuphefumuleni.
3. Ama-hookah avumayo omzimba emzimbeni kukhona okuqukethwe okwandisiwe kwe-arsenic, ukuhola, i-chromium, i-carboxyhemoglobin.
4. I-Hookah ingabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwamathambo okufanayo njengogwayi, ngisho nokungazalwa.
5. Ukubhema i-hookah enkampanini enkulu kuholela engozini enkulu yokudluliselwa kwezifo ngamaconsi amancane, ngoba nge-hookah ngomlomo ngomuntu okhethiwe abantu abaningana bahlangana nabo, futhi lapho umthamo wokubhema ukhula.

Ukulimaza ekuveni ukubhema

Ababhemayo abaningi ukulahla umkhuba wokulutha ukushintshela ugwayi kagesi. Kodwa-ke, kuyingozi ukubhema, futhi hhayi nje ngenxa yezimfutho ezingaphazamisayo ezingabangela izifo zesimiso sokuphefumula, kodwa futhi ngenxa yokwakheka kwengxube, ehlanganisa:

1. I-Glycerin, ephazamisa umsebenzi nesakhiwo semithambo yegazi. Ithinta kabi ukusabalalisa kwegazi. Kuyindawo ezuzisayo yokuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane we-pathogenic.
2. I-Nicotine.
3. I-propylene glycol yenza kube nomphumela wokuzibulala: ukuqhuma, ukuvuvukala kwe-mucosa yomzimba, njll.
4. Ama-flavour akhulisa imiphumela eyingozi ye-nicotine.
5. Amakhombi, ama-resins, ama-carcinogens, imikhiqizo yokushisa nokuxilisa kubangela ukulimala okukhulu ekubhemeni. Bangela ukudakwa komzimba futhi kuthinte cishe zonke izinhlelo nezinhlaka, kusukela emgodini wokuphefumula kanye nesistimu yokujikeleza.

Ukulimala ekubhemeni umjuju

Kwamanye amazwe kanye ne-US, i-marijuana inqunywe njengomuthi. Kodwa-ke, odokotela bathatha lesi sinyathelo kuphela lapho kungekho khona enye indlela yokuphuma, futhi bacabangela ukuthi umonakalo wokubhema utshani ungaphansi kwesifo ngokwawo. Ngaphezu kokuthi imbuni iyisidakamizwa, le nhlama inezinye izimo ezimbi:

• ukunqotshwa okunamandla kakhulu kwengqondo nokusebenza kwengqondo;
• umthelela omubi kakhulu ohlelweni lwezinzwa zomphakathi nobuchopho;
• ingozi yokuthuthukisa isifo socansi;
• indlala engalawuleki;
• ukuziphatha okungafani;
• ukucindezeleka nokulutha;
• ukukhulelwa kwengculazi;
• umbono ongenakwenzeka;
• i-angina pectoris, i-arrhythmia, i-hyper- noma i-hypotension;
• ukulimaza ohlelweni lokuphefumula ngemikhiqizo ye-tar kanye nomlilo.

Ukulimala kokubhema

Ngisho nalabo abangabambeleli "u-cigarettes", ukubhema kubangela umonakalo omkhulu ngendlela engafani, ngoba kufike ku-60% wezinto ezinobuthi ezivela egwayi eziwela emoyeni. Ukuphefumula umoya obuthiwe umusi kagwayi, umuntu uthola imiphumela emibi kunazo zonke:

• uketshezi lwe-carbon monoxide;
• i-oksijini yindlala;
• ubuthi nge nitrogen oxide;
• ukucindezelwa kwe-aldehyde yesimiso sezinzwa;
• ubuthi nge formaldehydes;
• umonakalo emzimbeni ngokugcwele nge-hydrogen cyanide;
• ukubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana obuchopho ngenxa yokungena kwe-nitrosamine;
• ukucasuka kwe-bronchi ne-nasopharynx nge-acrolein-isici sokushisa ugwayi;
• ingozi ye-oncology, ngenxa yokudonswa kwamakhemikhali kagwayi.

Unganciphisa kanjani umonakalo ekubhemeni?

Ukulwa nomphumela omubi wokubhema emzimbeni kungase kube ukulahla nje ukulimala, kepha uma umuntu engakwazi ukuyeka ukubhema, kungenzeka ukunciphisa umonakalo wokubhema usebenzisa imithetho eminingana:

• ungabhemi ekuhambeni;
• ungabhemi emakhazeni;
• ungabhemi esiswini esingenalutho;
• ukubhema kuphela uma ufuna ngempela;
• sebenzisa isikhathi esiningi emoyeni omusha;
• ukugcwalisa ukwaneleka kwevithamini C ;
• ukungena ezemidlalo;
• ungabhemi eceleni kwabangewona abhema.

Izinganekwane mayelana nezingozi zokubhema

Ngokuvamile, labo abalwela ngentshiseko amalungelo abo okubhema, sebekulungele "ukuphakela" abantu ngezinganekwane ngokuthi isihloko sokubhema asiyona into ebulalayo, futhi ngokuvamile sinamagugu ayo. Ake sizame ukuphendula ngobuqotho umbuzo, ingabe kuyingozi ukubhema?

1. Inganekwane 1 . I-Nicotine ikhuthaza ukuphumula. Akunjalo ngempela - umkhuba ngokwawo uvuselela, hhayi izinto ezibhemayo yocingo.
2. Inganekwane 2 . I-Nicotine isetshenziselwa abagijimi be-marathon njenge-doping, kodwa akekho ocacisa lokho ngaphambi kokusungulwa kokuvinjelwa kwe-doping, abagijimi abaningi bafa ngokuqondile emabaleni ukusuka emithwalweni, kanye nemiphumela eyingozi yokuvuselela.
3. Inganekwane 3 . I-Nicotine igqugquzela ukugeleza kwegazi kanye nesimiso sezinzwa ... Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukwandisa umthwalo emzimbeni, ukwandisa izinga lama-catecholamines futhi kubangele ukulutha.