I-urine (umchamo) - enye yemikhiqizo yenqubo ye-metabolism emzimbeni womuntu. Ingxenye yayo eyinhloko ngamanzi. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo uketshezi okweqile, imikhiqizo yokubola kanye ne-toxin nayo ikhishwa. Ukuhlaziywa ngokujwayelekile komchamo kuvumela ukusetha ukwakheka okuqondile.
Ngabe i-urinalysis inqunywe nini?
Ngokunikeza iziguli isifundo esinjalo, odokotela baphishekela umgomo wokuthola izifo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusebenza kwesistimu ye-urinary kuhlolwa. Ngokuvamile, ngenxa yezifo ezivuthayo nezibhedlela, odokotela banquma ukuhlolwa komchamo, izinkomba ezingaba kanje:
- Ukuthola izinkinga ze-kidney pathologies: i- pyelonephritis , i-nephritis, i-nephrosclerosis, urolithiasis, i- amyloidosis .
- Ukuthola izifo zesisu, isisu.
- Ukuhlola okuvimbelayo.
- Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kokwelashwa.
- Kusanda kudluliselwa ukutheleleka kwe-streptococcal (umkhuhlane, umfutho obomvu).
Kuyini ukubonisa urinalysis?
Ukuhlukumeza kwezinqubo zokugaya umzimba nokusebenza kahle kwezitho zangaphakathi kuthinta ukwakhiwa kanye nezakhiwo zomchamo. Ukukhuluma ngalokho ukuhlaziywa komtholampilo we-urine kubonisa, odokotela badonsela ukunakekelwa kweziguli ekutholeni i-pathologies efihliwe. Ngakho, ngosizo lwalesifundo, ungabona:
- izifo zesimiso se-endocrine (isifo sikashukela sabantu);
- uketshezi lomzimba nge-toxin;
- ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi.
U-OAM angasungula ezinyathelweni zokuqala ze-urolithiasis, i-urethritis, i-cystitis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaziywa kusetshenziswa njalo odokotela ukuhlola ukusebenza komuthi owenziwe. AmaMedics anconywa njengendlela yokuvimbela yonke isiguli kanye ngonyaka ukunikeza ukuhlolwa komchamo jikelele. Lokhu kuzosiza ekutholeni ukuphambukiswa okuncane kakhulu emzimbeni womzimba, ukuqala ukwelashwa uma kunesidingo.
Ngingathatha kanjani ukuhlolwa komchamo jikelele?
Ukuze uthole umphumela onokwethenjelwa futhi ugweme isidingo sokuhlolwa kabusha, isiguli kufanele sibuze udokotela ukuthi kufanele athathe kanjani izivivinyo zomchamo. Ukuqoqa izinto eziphilayo ezidingekayo ukusebenzisa imbiza ehlanzekile eyomile, kungcono ukuthenga isitsha esikhethekile sokuhlaziywa ekhemisi. Ukuze kuhlolwe, ingxenye kuphela yamanzi yomchamo iqoqwe njalo futhi isabelo sayo esilinganiselwe. Yona kanye inqubo yocingo ilandelwa ukulungiselela okuthile.
Ukuhlaziywa okujwayelekile komchamo - ukulungiswa kwezidingo
Ukuze uthole imiphumela engumgomo, kuyadingeka ukuthi udlulise u-urinalysis ngokujwayelekile, ukulungiselela kwalolu cwaningo kufanele kufaka ukuhambisana nemithetho ethile. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ezinye imikhiqizo ziyakwazi ukushintsha umbala we-urine, ngakho-ke lochwepheshe we-lab akakwazi ukuhlola ngokucacile lezo zinkomba ezifana nombala nokukhanya. Ukuze uvimbele lokhu, izinyosi, izaqathe, izithelo zingabandakanywa emkhatsini wokuhlaziya.
Ngaphambi kosuku lokucwaninga ukuyeka ukuthatha izidakamizwa - izidakamizwa ziyakwazi ukushintsha i-pH, amandla adonsela emcimbini, ivolumu yayo. Ukuphikisana okulinganiselwe emanzini omchamo kuyisikhathi sokuya esikhathini. Phakathi nokuhlaziywa ngalesi sikhathi, owesifazane kufanele aqaphele, asebenzise amathoni wokuhlanzeka. Ngaphambi kokuthatha i-urinalysis, kubalulekile ukukhipha ekudleni:
- iziphuzo ezidakayo;
- imikhiqizo yokubhema;
- uju;
- imifino eluhlaza.
Ungakuqoqa kanjani umchamo ukuze uhlaziywe jikelele?
Ukuze ungaphambuki imiphumela yocwaningo, isiguli kumele siqonde ngokucacile indlela yokuqoqa umchamo ukuze kuhlolwe. Ukuze uhlole izici ze-organoleptic, izakhi zamakhemikhali nezomzimba womchamo, kubalulekile ukuqoqa okungenani i-100 ml yalesi sewuketshezi. Ngaphambi kwenqubo, kuyadingeka ukuba kwenziwe indlu yangasese yezitho zangasese zangaphandle, ukuze kungabandakanyi i-microflora engokomzimba yokungena emcinini.
Odokotela abanokuhlangenwe nakho bacebisa abesifazane ukuba basebenzise itekisi phakathi kocingo ukuze ukuhlolwa komchamo kukhombise isithombe somgomo. Kubalulekile ukuthi isitsha sinesabelo esisodwa somchamo, ngakho-ke qala kuqala ukuvota endlini yangasese. Isampula eqoqwe kufanele ithunyelwe ebhokisatri zingakapheli amahora amabili. Ukuze ukuhlaziywa komtholampilo jikelele we-urine ukukhombisa kahle isimo se-genitourinary system, ukuthuthwa kwento kungcono kakhulu kwenziwe ngehora lokushisa (ama-degree angu-5-20).
Ukuhlaziywa okujwayelekile komchamo - okubhalwe phansi
Ngemuva kokuthi i-urinalysis yenziwe, umbhalo we-umphumela wenziwa udokotela othumele lowo muntu ukuhlolwa. Udokotela kuphela owazi izici zesifo sesiguli, umlando wakhe, angahlola ngokulinganayo amanani atholakalayo. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa komchamo ayivumeli ukuxilongwa okunembile, kodwa isetshenziselwa ukuxilongwa okunzima kwesimo sesiguli. Lokhu kuhlale kucabangela:
- iminyaka yendaba;
- uhlobo lwemvelo;
- ukutholakala kwezifo ezingapheliyo.
Ukuhlolwa kwesampula yomchamo kwenziwa ngezinkomba eziningana, ezingase zihluke kuye ngenhloso yocwaningo. Phakathi kwezigaba ezivame ukwenziwa ucwaningo:
- izakhiwo ze-organoleptic (umbala, obala);
- izakhi ze-physico-chemical (okuqukethwe kosawoti);
- izici ze-biochemical.
Izikhombisi zokucubungula
Ukuhlaziywa komtholampilo komchamo kufaka ukuhlola okuyinkimbinkimbi kweqembu lezinto:
1. Imingcele ye-physicochemical:
- ukucaca;
- umbala;
- ubungani besihlobo;
- i-pH;
- okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni;
- okuqukethwe kweglucose;
- ukuhlushwa kwe-bilirubin;
- okuqukethwe kwemizimba ye-ketone;
- ukuhlushwa kwe-nitrites;
- ukutholakala kwamaseli egazi.
2. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Microscopic kwe-precipitate:
- Isakhiwo esihleliwe: i-erythrocytes, amaseli e-epithelial, i-leukocyte, amabhaktheriya, imvubelo yesilingo, amaseli we-tumor;
- umhlabathi womchamo ongahleliwe: okuqukethwe kwe-salts amorphous nama-crystal kubonakala.
Ukuhlaziywa okujwayelekile komchamo kuyinto evamile
Odokotela bahlale bebheka iminyaka yesiguli esinikezwa ukuhlolwa komchamo - isimiso somunyu, ukuchithwa kwabantwana kanye nabantu abadala kuhlukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkomba zingashintsha ukubaluleka kwazo ngenxa yokutholakala kwezifo, izifo, izinqubo ezingapheli emzimbeni. Ukuqhathaniswa kwemiphumela kumazinga kwenziwa kuphela ngumchwepheshe. Ukuhlolwa komchamo ompofu kuyinkomba yokuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kwesiguli. Amanani wezinkomba eziyinhloko, ithebula lokuhlola lomchamo kubantu abadala, anikezwe ngezansi.