Imikhiqizo ye-genetically modified itholakala ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwezindlela zokukhiqiza izakhi zofuzo ngenhloso yokuguqulwa okunenjongo yokwenziwa kwe-genotype yangempela yenyama. Izindlela zobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo zisetshenziselwa ukwakha izilwane ezithuthukisiwe (izitshalo, izilwane, isikhunta kanye nezinambuzane ezincane) nezakhiwo ezicacisiwe.
Uhlobo oluyinhloko lokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ukusetshenziswa kwe-transgenes (okungukuthi, ukudalwa kwezinhlobo ezintsha zegciwane ezidingekayo ezivela kwezinye izinhlobo eziphilayo, kuhlanganise nezinhlobo ezahlukene).
Uhlelo lokuhweba umhlaba lusebenzisa isitifiketi esivumela umthengi ukuba ahlukanise phakathi kwemikhiqizo yezolimo engakaze iguqulwe ngokudla kokudla okwenziwe ngezakhi.
Isayensi ngokumelene "izindaba ezesabekayo"
Sizokhumbuleka kahle: kuze kube namuhla alukho imibono ejulile yesayensi, izifundo kanye nobufakazi obubaqinisekisayo, mayelana nanoma yikuphi ukulimala kwemikhiqizo yokudla eguqulwa ngokwezakhi. Umsebenzi kuphela kule ndaba, imiphumela yawo eyanyatheliswa emaphephandabeni abalulekile, yaqashelwa ngumphakathi wesayensi wezwe jikelele njengokwenqabela ngokucacile nangokwemanga.
Imibono ekuphepheni kokudla okwenziwe ngezakhi zofuzo yahlukaniswa, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokucatshangelwa kwe-pseudoscientific. Naphezu kwemibono yezazi zezinto eziphilayo, iqembu labasosayensi (abangewona ochwepheshe emkhakheni wezinto eziphilayo) babonisa umbono wokuthi ukusetshenziswa kokudla okwakusetshenziselwa ukuguqula umzimba akufanele kuvunyelwe. Abantu abangenalwazi kakhulu kwi-biology bayakujabulela "ukuhlaziya" isihloko, ngenxa yokuthi ubandlululo oluphikisanayo lwakhiwa emphakathini, olufinyelela ezingeni lezinganekwane. Ngenxa yemibono ethandwayo, engathandabuzeki kakhulu kusukela ekubukeni kwesayensi, imikhiqizo yezakhi zofuzo yayifakwe "kuhlu olumnyama".
Ukuvikela GMOs
I-International Food and Agriculture Organisation yeZizwe Ezihlangene (i-FAO) ibheka ukudalwa kwezinhlobo ze-organicgen njengengxenye ebalulekile ye-biotechnology yezolimo zanamuhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudluliswa okuqondile kwezakhi zofuzo ezifunayo, okucacisa ukuba khona kwezici eziwusizo, kuze kube yimanje ukuthuthukiswa kwemvelo kokukhethwa komsebenzi osebenzayo. Ubuchwepheshe banamuhla bokudala imikhiqizo ye-transgenic kwandisa amandla ababelethi ukuba kube nokudluliselwa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo eziwusizo phakathi kwezinhlobo ezingezona okuhlangene. Ngendlela, kungenzeka ukulahla izilwane ezintsha zezakhi zofuzo ezingafuneki, okubalulekile, njengesibonelo, sokudla kwabantu abanomsoco kanye nesifo sikashukela.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezitshalo ze-transgenic kungeke nje kwandise isivuno, kepha kwandisa nokuphila kwamathonya ahlukahlukene. Futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi uma kukhula izidakamizwa ze-transgenic, i-agrochemistry (izibulala-zinambuzane kanye nama-fertilizer), kanye nama-hormone okukhula angasetshenziswa okungenani noma nhlobo ngaphandle kwalezi zinto ezivame ukungathandeki.
Akungabazeki ukuthi ngokukhuphuka okuqhubekayo kwabantu bomhlaba, ukusetshenziswa kwe-GMOs kungenye yezindlela zokuxazulula inkinga yendlala.
Isimo samanje sezinto nokusetshenziswa kwama-GMO
EYurophu YaseYurophu nasezindaweni zamazwe amaningi ezithuba zeSoviet post, imikhiqizo ye-GMO ingasetshenziselwa ukudla (ayivunyelwe ukukhiqizwa), njengoba amaphakheji eyaziqhenya.
Ngokusemthethweni, umuntu unelungelo lokukwazi ukuthi uyathengi futhi asebenzise.
Kodwa-ke, abaphikisi be- GMO bangadumazeka: emazweni amaningi amakhulu anezolimo ezithuthukile, bakhula futhi badle ukudla okwakusetshenziselwa ukuguqula izakhi zofuzo isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwemiphumela ebonakalayo nebonakalayo embi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho (abaphikisi bama-GMO, phumula), sonke siqala isikhathi eside, kusukela eminyakeni engu-80 sithola ama-GMO emithini yemithi.