Izinhlobo zokubuka umhlaba ziye zashintsha kanye nokuziphendukela komuntu nokubunjwa kwamagugu okuziphatha, okuziphatha kanye namasiko. Ama-epoch ashintshana, imibono ethile emhlabeni ayiguquki, futhi iqhubeka ithonya umphakathi wesintu, abanye bayanyamalala ngaphandle kokulandelela.
Umbono wezwe mayelana nesakhiwo saso kanye nezinhlobo zomlando
Umbono wezwe - isethi yemibukiso evamile kanye nomuntu siqu, isimo sengqondo somuntu emhlabeni kanye nokusebenzisana nayo. Izinhlobo zombono womuntu ngobuntu obufanayo zingaba nezakhiwo ezahlukene. Isakhiwo se-worldview siqukethe izinto ezihlukene kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwabo. Amazinga okwakhiwa:
- nsuku zonke noma kwansuku zonke - ukhona kuwo wonke umuntu, kusiza ukubona umhlaba unemibala engokomzwelo;
- ukuqondana kwemicabango - ingqondo, izinga eligxile ekubukeni kwezwe, isici sezinto ezikhethekile, izinhlaka zesayensi nezinkolelo zabo, imiqondo.
Izindlela zombono womhlaba:
- imigomo;
- izinkolelo;
- ukungafani ;
- izindinganiso ezikhona emphakathini;
- ulwazi.
I-okuthiwa i-triad yemibono eqinisekisiwe yezwe jikelele ukubuka kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ifanelwe ukunakekelwa, ngaphandle kokuqonda ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuqonda ngokugcwele ukuthi umbono womhlaba womuntu uphiwa kanjani, lapho ebeka khona. Izinhlobo zomlando zombono wezici zabo:
- Izinganekwane - uhlobo oludala kunazo zonke lokubuka umhlaba, oluhambisana namandla omvelo nokuhlonipha, ukuhlonipha ngendlela yobuningi bezithombe.
- Inkolo - abantu kakade banomthombo wolwazi, imiBhalo nemigomo yayo, imithetho, ukuhlonishwa kwemvelo kwakha futhi kunokomoya.
- Ifilosofi - ukuthembela ekuhlakanipheni, ukucabanga okukhululekile nokufuna okungapheli iqiniso, ukulungiswa kwemibono emhlabeni, ukuqiniswa kwemibono yabo enengqondo, ukucabanga, umsebenzi wokucabanga.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokubukwa komhlaba
Uhlobo lwemibono eyakhelwe ngokomlando: inkolelo-ze, inkolo kanye nefilosofi zikhona ekubukeni emhlabeni nakwabantu banamuhla kuya kwesilinganiso esikhulu noma esincane. Yiziphi izinhlobo zokubuka umhlaba okukhona kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezingafundiswa emithonjeni ekhethekile yenkolo nefilosofi, futhi ukufunda izinkolelo zasendulo kungasisondeza ekuqondeni izinqubo ezenzeka kumuntu ekubhekaneni nezwe eliyesabekayo nelikhulu.
Izinhlobo zokubuka umhlaba ngefilosofi
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo zombono womhlaba ngefilosofi kuncishisiwe ukuba kube izindlela eziqondisayo zokuqaphela izwe, okubandakanya:
- I-universalism yindlela yokuqashelwa ukuthi ibe ngesisekelo semithetho yonke yokuhlakanipha kanye nemigomo yendawo yonke yokuziphatha nokuziphatha okungokomoya.
- I-Substantialism - bonke abafilosofi bavame ukuchaza i-oda lomhlaba, bathembele esiqalisweni esisodwa esimeme.
Umbono wezwe wezefilosofi wakhiwe ngokungabaza, okuyizinto ezicatshangelwayo. Isazi sefilosofi, efuna iqiniso, sigxeka amasiko, izenzakalo zansuku zonke, izindinganiso zendabuko kanye nemigomo yokuziphatha. Konke okudlula ukuhlolwa kwesikhathi kanye namafomu ngaphansi kwayo ngokwayo isisekelo sokubonisa sibeka izazi zefilosofi ngesisekelo esiqinile solwazi, konke kulahliwe njengengasebenzi futhi kungapheli.
Uhlobo lwama-mythological umbono womhlaba
Izinganekwane njengehlobo lokubuka umhlaba ligcwele ukuhlangenwe nakho ngokomzwelo nezithombe. Ngomuntu ongokoqobo, inganekwane iyingxenye ebalulekile yokucabanga nezengqondo zokuphila; yinto eyenziwe ngokoqobo, konke kungachazwa ngosizo lwezinganekwane. Kubantu basendulo, ukucabanga kwengane kwakuhambisana nesayensi futhi waphendula imibuzo eminingi ebalulekile:
- yiziphi izenzakalo zemvelo;
- lokho umuntu angakufeza ngosizo lomsebenzi othile;
- indlela yokubhekana nokubi;
- okuhle nokubi;
- ukuthi konke kwenzeka kanjani lokhu: izidalwa, isikhala, amaplanethi, izilwane, abantu;
- ukuthi kukhona ukuphila, ukufa.
Uhlobo lwenkolo lwombono
Ukucubungula izinhlobo nezinhlobo zokubuka umhlaba kubalulekile ukubona inani ngalinye abazithwala ngalo. Inkolo iye yaletha ukuphila okusha nenjongo entsha. UNkulunkulu njengegunya eliphakeme kakhulu uhlanganisa abantu. Ukubukeka komhlaba kwezenkolo kuhlukanisa umhlaba ube khona emhlabeni ngesikhathi sokuphila futhi okungaphezu kwemvelo - emva kokufa umphefumulo uthunyelwa endaweni ehambelana nokufaneleka kwawo ezulwini noma esihogweni. Ukuqaphela inkolo kusekelwe ekukholweni, okungadingeki ubufakazi besayensi. Kumuntu okholwayo, ubufakazi bokuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona kukhona okuhlangenwe nakho okungaqondakali, okujabulisayo.
Isayensi njengohlobo lokubuka umhlaba
Izinhlobo zombono zazingeke ziphelele ngaphandle kokufakwa kwesayense kuzo eziqale ukubusa kusukela ngekhulu le-18. Yiziphi izinhlobo zokubukwa kwezwe okwenziwa isayensi kusukela manje? Yonke into efanayo eyakhelwe ngokomlando: inkolelo-ze, ifilosofi nenkolo. Abalando-mlando kanye nabavubukuli banemininingwane eminingi yesayensi nokuthi yikuphi nokuthi lokhu kwakwenziwe kanjani nokuthi lokhu kubuka umhlaba. Izindlela zokubamba iqhaza ziye zasiza ekwakheni imibono yesayensi yezwe:
- umlando;
- i-theoretical;
- ukuqonda;
- ukuhlaziywa nokwabelana;
- inhlanganisela yezindlela eziphathelene nezindlela ezisebenzayo;
- ukufakwa;
- ukukhishwa.
Izinhlobo zombono - izinzuzo nezingozi
Izinhlobo zokubuka umuntu ngamunye zingaba nobubanzi obuhlukile futhi kusukela kulo mfanekiso wezwe ubukeka uqobo, nakuba unezici ezivamile eningi. Umuntu angakholelwa kuNkulunkulu futhi abe ngesikhathi esisodwa usosayensi omuhle esekelwe emaqinisweni wangempela, futhi ungahlanganisa wena ngokwakho kanye nokuqonda okungokwenkolo kanye nenkolo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ube khona ngalokhu ngokuvumelana. Yiluphi uhlobo lokubheka okulungile kakhulu - ayikho impendulo efanele kulo mbuzo. Izinhlobo zembono amaphuzu aqinile nebuthakathaka:
- Ukubukwa kwemvelo kwamanga - kunikeza isixhumanisi phakathi kwezizukulwane, kukuvumela ukuba ubukeke ngobuciko nangokwemvelo emhlabeni, uyibone njengembonakaliso enamandla yemvelo, kodwa ngokwayo ivele ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ingenangqondo futhi iphikisiwe.
- Inkolo ifana nezinganekwane ngokwemibono yenkolelo yezwe, kodwa inikeza umuntu ukuba alandele imikhuba yezenhlalakahle nezokuziphatha, izindinganiso ezivunyelwe ngokuvamile, nokukhuthaza ubumbano.
- Ifilosofi - ihlanganisa umbono ongacabangi wezwe nesayensi futhi igcwalise inkolelokwane nenkolo.
- Ukubuka kwezwe ngokwesayensi - kuchaza umhlaba ngosizo lwamakhophi, amaqiniso, lokho okwakucatshangwa ukuthi kwakusuka kusigaba semimangaliso kuthola ukulungiswa kwesayense, kodwa akusikho konke okukhokhelisa ukucabanga nokucabanga.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zokubukwa kwezwe ezikhona emphakathini wanamuhla?
Izinhlobo nezinhlobo zokubuka komuntu wesimanje zithinta izinguquko - iminyaka yobuchwepheshe bedijithali, ukuvunywa nokufinyeleleka kwalokho okwakuvinjelwe ngaphambilini futhi kwalahlwa - namuhla kuyisimiso sokuphila. Inkinga yokomoya kanye nokulahlekelwa kwezindinganiso kwaba nethonya elinamandla embonweni wabantu, abameleli bezinkolo ezihlukahlukene abangeke bakhathele ukusho ukuthi lokhu kuyiqiniso yini - isikhathi sizokutshela.