Indlela yokutshala beet - izimfihlo isivuno esihle

Impendulo yombuzo wokuthi ungatshala kanjani i-beet ayaziwa yilowo nalowo ohlala ehlobo. Lesi sitshalo isitshalo esineminyaka emibili ubudala, kodwa isizini esisodwa siyalinywa, njengoba izimpande zikhula kulo ngonyaka wokuqala, futhi okwesibili, ihlumela linikeza izimbali nembewu. Ukuqoqa isivuno esikhulu salesi sakhi semifino ecebile, udinga ukwazi imithetho ethile yokulima.

Imbewu yokutshala isithombo sebhitruli emhlabathini ovulekile

Khulisa imifino nge imbewu noma izithombo. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukutshala ama-beet, udinga ukulungiselela isayithi. Amasiko kunalokho aqala ezindaweni ezikhanyayo ezikhanyayo futhi ezikhanyayo, emthunzini wezitshalo izimpande ngeke kube khona i-hue ebomvu. Lesi sitshalo sithanda inhlabathi evundile, engekho-acidified - i-loams, i-peat bogs, i-chernozems ne-reaction ne-neutral noma ye-alkaline, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba akufanele abe phezulu kwisayithi.

Ekwindla umhlaba ugoqwa, uhlanzwa ukhula. Emasimini ahlanganiswe nomquba noma umquba (ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokutshala izitshalo), kutuswa ukuba uhlwanyele imifino hhayi ngaphambi kweminyaka emithathu. Ngaphambi kokutshala ama-beet nembewu emhlabathini ovulekile, entwasahlobo ngenkathi kukhishwa u-20-30 g we-sulfuric-acid ammonium, 10-15 g we-potassium chloride, i-15-20 g ye-ammonium nitrate kanye no-30-40 g we-superphosphate ngehora elingu-1 m ² . Ukunciphisa imvelo ye-acidic, i-kilogram yesibili ye-lime yengezwe ngomzuzu we-1 m ² .

Ukwelapha imbewu yezinyosi ngaphambi kokutshala

Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa imbewu ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela ukuhlwanyela ukuvuvukala. Inqubo izosheshisa ukuhluma kwamahlumela. Ukuze uhambe, lungiselela isisombululo sezakhi - uthatha ihora elilodwa le-soda evamile yokubhaka, umuthi wokhuni kanye ne-superphosphate, uhlanza ku-1 litre lamanzi. Imbewu imile usuku ekubunjweni, ihlanzwe kahle. Ukuze ugibe, ungasebenzisa isithuthukisi sokukhula esithengiwe "Agricola Vegeta" - ithisipuni elilodwa ngalinye ilitha lamanzi. Ngemuva kokuba imbewu ihlanganiswe izinsuku eziningana nge-gauze ehlanjulisiwe yokuhluma futhi ifakwe endaweni efudumele.

Ukujula kokutshala imbewu ye-beet

Ngaphambi kokutshala ama-beet, udinga ukwenza ama-grooves, unganisele futhi ulinde ukumuncwa kwamanzi. Umhlaba kufanele ube nomfutho futhi uphazamiseke. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ejulile enhlabathini akunakwenzeka - ngenxa yokungabi khona kwe-oxygen, bangase bangabi yi-proklyutsya. Ukuhlwanyela okuncane kakhulu futhi akusizi kahle: imbewu izothumela umoya noma izomile ekushiseni. Indlela yokutshala ama-beet nembewu - imingcele yokumngcwaba efanele:

• Izinto zembewu ivaliwe ngo-2 cm ngesikhathi sokutshala entwasahlobo;
• ngaphansi kwembewu yasebusika bangcwatshwa ngo 3-4 cm ngezingubo ezibalulekile zendawo nge peat noma humus.

Zingaki izinsuku i-beet ekhula emva kokuhlwanyela?

I-beetroot ayesabi ukanda, kodwa efudumele emgwaqweni entwasahlobo, ngokushesha amahlumela ayohluma. Ukuhluma kwembewu kwenzeka ngo-5 ° C, kepha nge-seedling yokuqala, amahlumela azovela emva kwamasonto amathathu kuphela. Ukutshala ama-beet emhlabathini ovulekile esikhathini esizayo, lapho umhlaba uqhuma kuze kufike ku + 10-15 ° C, kunciphisa isikhathi sokulinda ngezinsuku ezingu-5-6. Uma umgwaqo ungaphezu kuka-+20 ° C, amahlumela azobe esekhona ngosuku lwesithathu.

Ukutshala izithombo ze-beet

Ukuze uthole isivuno sokuqala, kunconywa ukuba sikhule izithombo ze-beet. Le ndlela ibhekwa njengokwethenjelwa kakhulu, futhi isivuno sivunwa amaviki amabili ngaphambi kwesikhathi esivamile. Imbewu yenzelwa ukwelashwa okufanayo kwangaphambili, njengoba kwenzeka ekuhlwanyeleni endaweni evulekile - ukugaya nokuhluma. Indlela yokutshala izithombo ze-beet:

1. I-substrate ebhokisini iphuziswa kusengaphambili ngePhytosporin, ukuze igweme isifo sezitshalo zesikhathi esizayo nge- black pedicle , ithela .
2. Khona-ke imifula yenziwa kuwo wonke ama-5 cm, imbewu isatshalaliswa kuyo. Ngesikhathi esingaba ngu-3 cm, imithombo yenziwa, ama-pips angu-3-4 abekwe emgodini owodwa, kamuva amahlumela ayobe esonakele. Ngenhla, izithombo zifafazwa nge-substrate efanayo futhi ibhokisi lifakwa endaweni yokushisa.
3. Ukuze ukhule ngokujwayelekile, izithombo zidinga imvelo eboziwe, ukuhamba kwansuku zonke.
4. Ukutshala izithombo ze-beet emhlabathini zenziwa lapho amaqabunga amane angempela enza ama-buds, futhi azokhula kuze kufike ku-8-9 cm. Ngaphambi kwesikhathi, phakathi nesonto, izithombo ziyashesha - ibhokisi kumele lithathwe emoyeni omusha amahora ambalwa ngosuku.
5. Uma utshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile, akudingekile ukujula amahlumela, kungcono ukucwilisa amahlumela ngaphambi kokugwedla isisombululo sobumba.
6. Ekuqaleni, kungcono ukuvikela ngokumboza impahla, ukwakhiwa emabhedeni ombhede kusuka ezindongeni zensimbi. NgoJulayi, lapho amahlamvu ezitshalo azovalwa, kanti isithelo sifinyelela ubukhulu buka-1.5 cm, ifilimu isusiwe.

Imigomo yokutshala ama-beet emhlabathini ovulekile

I-Beetroot ingatshala kabili ngesizini:

1. Ngentwasahlobo, lapho umhlaba uqhuma kuze kufike ku-8-10 ° C ubude ngo-10 cm. Njengomthetho, isikhathi siwela ngo-Ephreli-ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ngalesi sikhathi, inhlabathi isagcina umswakama ngemuva kweqhwa.
2. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezimbewu kwenziwa ngenyanga ngaphambi kokuthi kuhlelwe ukutshala izinyosi ezindaweni ezihlala njalo.
3. Ukuhlwanyela kwe-autumn nakho kwenziwa ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, isikhathi sokugcina sokutshala i-beet ekuqaleni kukaNovemba. Isitoreji se-podzimniy sivumela ukuqoqa ukuvuna kusenesikhathi sonyaka olandelayo ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaJuni.

Uhlelo lokutshala isithombo sebhitrudi endaweni evulekile

Ubungako bomsuka we-beet buxhomeke ekuhlanganiseni kokuhlwanyela - ukuphakamisa isikhala phakathi kwezithombo, okukhudlwana imifino izokhula. Indlela yokutshala i-beet - uhlelo lokutshala:

1. Imbewu isatshalaliswa emigqeni ngokuqhubeka nokuhluma kwamahlumela. Uhlelo lokuhlwanyela luvame ukulingana (40 cm emkhatsini wemigqa) noma imigqa emibili (25 cm emkhatsini wezingqimba kanye no-50 cm phakathi kwamabhande).
2. Imbewu yesithombo sebhitrudi inesayizi enkulu, kusuka kokusanhlamvu owodwa ikhula ngamaphuzu ambalwa, ngoba imbewu ihlanganiswa ibe yisithombo ngamacici 2-3. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yikuphi ibanga lokutshala ama-beet, ngakho esikhathini esizayo kwakudingeka ukuba unciphise kancane. Imbewu ihlelwe kahle ngayinye ngebanga lika-5-6 cm phakathi kwama-specimens.
3. Izithombo zibekwa isikhala se-10-15 cm emkhatsini wezihlumela ezine-interval phakathi kwemigqa ye-25 cm ukuqoqa izitshalo zempande yekhwalithi yobukhulu obuphakathi.

Yini okufanele utshale ama-beet kumbhede owodwa wensimu?

Uma izinyosi zikhula ensimini, ukuhlwanyela okuhlangene kungadalwa ngeklabishi enemibala, anyanisi, ukhukhamba, pepper, utamatisi, isitshalo seqanda, amazambane. Lezi zitshalo zinezimo ezifanayo zokukhula. Ukukhula kwezinyosi kusizwa futhi ngegalikhi noma isinhlamvu, zivikela imifino kuma-parasites. Isiko asihlanganisi nommbila, lwesinaphi, ubhontshisi obuluhlaza, ithanga, elilifihla kakhulu.

Khona-ke ungakwazi ukutshala beet?

Uma ukhulisa imifino, kubalulekile ukulondoloza ukuhlelwa kokunye kwezitshalo ukuwavikela ezifweni nasezinambuzane ezinobungozi nokuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza. Izandulela ezinhle zezinyosi lapho zihlwanyela - zucchini, ukhukhamba, izithelo, u-anyanisi, i-pepper noma utamatisi. Kungcono ukuthi ungahlwanyeli izitshalo emhlabathini, lapho isipinashi, i-chard, isanqante, iklabishi ikhule. Isayithi elifanayo lokutshala i-beet liyalulekwa ukuhlwanyela okungenani kanye kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu.

Ukunakekela izinyosi emva kokutshala

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi unakekele kanjani izinyosi emva kokutshala ukuze uthole imifino enomsoco. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Gwema indawo yokhula, okuyinto kuze kube yilapho ukuhluma emahlumela ama-4-5 amaqabunga ngokuqinisekile kuphazamisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesiko. Ngaphambi kokuba zihlume amahlumela, indawo ingahlanzwa ngamafutha kagandaganda - 35-50 g per m ² . Lapho kuqala amaqabunga amabili ezitshalweni, le ndawo iniselwa ngamanoni ngesisombululo se-nitrate ye-nitrate. Emva kwalokho, lapho isithombo sebhitrudi singena ekukhuleni, ukhula alukwazi ukuwuvimbela.
2. Ukuze ukhulule izintambo ezijulile ngo-4-5 cm ukubhubhisa inhlabathi, ukuvimbela ukufinyelela kwe-oksijini ezimpandeni.
3. Ukunakekelwa okubaluleke kunazo zonke kwe-beet kuyincinci, okusiza ukugwema ukuguqulwa kwezithelo, ngoba isiko sibonakala ngokuqina kwamahlumela. Phakathi nenqubo, inhlabathi ngesikhathi esisodwa ikhululiwe futhi wonke ukhula ususwe. Esigabeni samaqabunga amabili egcwele ngesikhathi sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa, ukucwiliswa kokuqala kwenziwa, kusale u-3-5 cm phakathi kwama-specimens. Izakhiwo ezikhishiwe zingasuswa kwenye indawo - zihambisana ngokuphelele.
4. Ukucwiliswa okuphindaphindiwe kwenziwa esiteji samaqabunga amane, okwenza ibanga phakathi kwama-10-12 cm. Inqubo yenziwa ngemuva kokunisela noma imvula, ukuze kungabi nakalimaza ukulimala imifino emhlabathini.

Ekwindla sekwephuzile, ngaphandle kokulinda iqhwa (ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba-Okthoba), ukuqoqwa kwezimpande ezivuthiwe zivuthiwe kuqala. Zigqunywe ngokucophelela noma zikhishwe, zihlanzwa emhlabathini, ziqedwe phezulu futhi zomiswe. Ekamelweni elipholile elinomoya omuhle, izithelo zibekiwe emabhokisini, athulwe ngempahla eyomile (isihlabathi, i-sawdust, i-peat), lapho zingagcinwa khona kuze kube entwasahlobo.

Ukwengezwa kwezinyosi emva kokutshala emhlabathini

Lesi sitshalo sidinga i-substrate evundile, idinga ukwakheka okuphoqelekile okubili okuyimpoqo. Indlela yokutshala beet emva kokutshala:

1. Ukugqoka kokuqala okuphezulu kanye nama-mineral compounds kuhlelwe emva kokunciphisa okuyinhloko. It siqukethe nitrogen umquba - 10 amagremu of urea per 1 m ² . Ungenza isisombululo sezinyoni zezinyoni ngokuvumelana no-1:12 noma i-Mullein ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 8 ngesilinganiso samalitha ayi-12 esakhiweni se-liquid ngasinye se-10 m2 yesakhiwo.
2. Isondlo sesibili sinikezwa emva kwamaqabunga amaqabunga emigqa emibili yezinyosi ezivaliwe. Kudinga amakhemikhali e-potassium-phosphorus - 8 g superphosphate kanye no-10 g potassium chloride per m ² .
3. Ngokuntuleka kwe-sodium, iziqongo ze-beet zibomvu. Kuyadingeka ukuba ufafaze umbhede ngomlotha - 1 st ku-1.5 m ² isakhiwo.
4. Uma wenza ama-progaline aphuzi emaqabungeni, indawo ithululelwa ngobisi obuketshezi, obondla izimpande nge-potassium - 200 g we-lime ebhakede lamanzi.

Ngingayidla kaningi kangakanani izinyosi emva kokutshala?

Ama-beet ayanisela kuphela njengoba inhlabathi iyoma. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuwazisa amanzi akukwaziswa - kusuka kulokhu, izici zokunambitheka kwezitshalo ziyizifo ezikhungathekile futhi ezifayo zingenzeka. Amanzi isayithi kusihlwa kuya ku-20 cm. Ngokwesilinganiso, ngesikhathi semifino, ama-beet akhiqiza ama-5-6 amaminerali angama-5-8 amalitha ngehora lesikwele, enezambane ezidingekayo eziphakathi kwemigqa kanye ne-mulching. Isikhathi sokuqala isithombo sebhitrudi sihlwanyelwa, lapho amahlumela amancane, athuthukile atholakele. Izinsuku ezingu-15-20 ngaphambi kokuvuna, ukugcoba kumiswa, lokhu kuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwemifino.