Izikhuthazo zokukhula kwezitshalo (noma ama-phytohormones) zikhiqizwa yizitshalo ngokwazo, kodwa ngezilinganiso ezincane. Kwenzeke ukuthi amanye amakhemikhali avela kwezinye izitshalo asetshenziselwa ukwelapha amasiko ahlukene kakhulu abonise ukuzwela okukhulu. Ngokuya ngohlobo olushukumisayo, kungabangela izimbali eziningi, ukuqhuma okuphuthumayo, kuthuthukise kakhulu ukukhula nokuvuthwa kwesithelo. Izithuthukisi zemvelo zokukhula, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nezimbali zezitshalo zisetshenziselwa amateurs kanye nama-agronomists ochwepheshe. Uma usondela ekusebenziseni kwabo ngokuhlakanipha, ungathola imiphumela emihle kakhulu.
Ulwazi jikelele
Uhlobo lwalunye lwezikhuthazo zokukhula luxhomeke ngokuqondile kwisithako salo esisebenzayo. Ama-phytohormones (ukukhushulwa kokukhula) ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu ahlukene amahlanu. Zinezimpikiswano ezahlukene ezitshalweni, okuthi, ngokuya ngesilinganiso semithi, kungaba kokubili ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa nokuyivimbela. Amanye ama-hormone angakwazi ngisho nokusheshisa inqubo yokuguga yesitshalo, kancane noma ngokuphelele. Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi naphezu kokubona ukuthi lezi zidakamizwa ziyingozi empilweni, empeleni azilimazi. Umuntu angasho ngisho nangaphezulu: izinkambiso zokuhlushwa okuphezulu ezitshalweni eziningi zamalungiselelo ala maqembu azikho nhlobo. Manje ake sazi zonke amahomoni ashiwo ngenhla.
Amaqembu okukhuthaza ukukhula
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-abscisin (i-Abscisic acid, iCrohn, i-ABK) kulungile ukupuniza izihlahla zezitshalo ngaphambi kokuvuna. Bakha "ngokuguga" amahlamvu emithi, ngaleyo ndlela bagqugquzela ukuvuthwa kwezithelo. Futhi izithelo, ezicutshungulwa izidakamizwa ezisekelwe kule hormone, lapho kungcono kakhulu kugcinwe khona. Uma usebenzisa izidakamizwa ezisekelwe ku-abscisin njengokukhushulwa kokukhula kwezindlu ezisezindlini ezincane, khona-ke inqubo yokulahlekelwa umswakama iyancipha.
Izidakamizwa ezisekelwe ku-hormone auxin (Heteroauxin, Speedfol, Epin, Epin-Extra, Kornevin, Zircon, Cytovit) zivame ukusetshenziswa njengendlela evusa ukukhula kwezimila zezitshalo. Iphinde ibangele izinqubo zokuvuselelwa kwemvelo, okufaka isandla ekuvuseleleni isitshalo emva kwezifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusetshenziswa kwayo, ukwandiswa kwezinso nokunyuka kwezimila.
Amalungiselelo asekelwe ku-cytokinin (i-Cytodef, i-Immunocytophyte) nayo isetshenziselwa ukugqugquzela izimpande. Ngokuyinhloko, imiphumela enhle kakhulu ingatholakala nangendlela yokusetshenziswa kwe-cuttings cuttings. Lesi sici sinendawo yokubangela ukungena kwezakhi endaweni ethize lapho isetshenzisiwe khona. Le ndlela yokusebenzisa i-cytokinin ibonakala kahle lapho izitshalo zivuselela.
Liyasetshenziswa kabanzi njengento evuselela izitshalo zasendlini nezitshalo ze-ethylene. Kumele kuphawulwe ngokushesha ukuthi yilokho kuphela i-hormone engavamile (i-gaseous) ephuma kuyo yonke into ekhona. Indlela elula yokuyithola ku-apula ukusika izithelo ngesigamu bese uyibeka eduze nembali. Ngesikhathi sokubola, leli gesi likhishwa, elisebenza njengento ekhulayo yezimbali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i
I-hormone gibberellin (Bud, Ovary, Gibberross, Gibbersib, Gibbor-M, Tsveten) iyasheshisa futhi igqugquzela izimbali ezitshalweni, ifinyelela ukukhula ngesikhathi sokutshala, ikhulisa izinga lokuhluma kwezimbewu, futhi ihluma ngokushesha. I-Gibberellin nayo ithinta kahle ukubunjwa kwezimbali zesifazane ezitshalweni.
Ukwazi izakhiwo zama-hormone amahlanu, ukukhetha umgqugquzeli wokukhula wesitshalo sakho kuyoba lula. Kwanele ukubuka imaphakheji, yiyiphi isithako esisebenzayo esiyinhloko ekubunjweni kwayo. Futhi usuvele usuka lapha ungathola iziphetho mayelana nendlela ukuvuselela okuthile okuyobathinta izitshalo zakho.