Ukwandiswa kwe-potassium e-plasma yegazi kuholela ekuthuthukiseni izinkinga ezihlukahlukene. Izimpawu ze-hyperkalemia ziyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke akulula ukuhlolisisa isifo ngesikhathi. Kunezindlela ezimbili ezifanele zokunquma hyperkalemia - ECG kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi.
Izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-hyperkalemia
Ukwandiswa kwe-potassium ekudleni kubangelwa i-hyperkalemia ngokweqile kakhulu. Umzimba wethu uyakwazi ukulawula inani le-macronutrient esithathwe ekudleni, futhi uma i-potassium iningi kakhulu, alithinti kalula, isuse masinyane umchamo. Ngakho-ke, uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kubonisa okuqukethwe kuka-K okungaphezu kuka-5.5 mmol ngelitha ngalinye, cishe izinso zihluleka ukubhekana nomsebenzi. Yiqiniso, uma lesi sifo singabangwa ngokuthatha imithi ethile.
Izinhlobo ezithile zezidakamizwa zithuthukisa ukukhululwa kwe-potassium kusuka kwamaseli emzimbeni wethu singene esikhaleni se-intercellular, futhi siholela e-hyperkalemia. Okokuqala, sikhuluma nge-beta-blockers, izidakamizwa zokwelapha i-pneumonia ezigulwini ze-AIDS, i-Trimethoprim, i-Pentamidine nezinye izidakamizwa.
Ngokuvamile ukwanda kwezinga le-potassium kuhlotshaniswa nezifo ezinje zangaphakathi njenge:
- i-leukemia ne- leukocytosis ;
- i-nephrite;
- i-sickle-cell anemia;
- i-nephropathy;
- ukuvinjelwa komgudu we-urinary;
- ukuphuza ngokweqile;
- i-acidosis ye-metabolic;
- i-tumor disintegration syndrome;
- ukukhubazeka okwenziwe ngezikhathi ezithile emndenini.
Futhi, i-hyperkalemia ingaba nesifo sikashukela nokuzikhandla okukhulu ngokomzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kule nkinga yokugcina, i-hyperkalemia eyingozi, i-hypokalemia engapheli ivame ukuvela.
Izimpawu ze-hyperkalemia
Ukugqitheka kwe-potassium egazini kungaboniswa yizibonakaliso ezinjalo:
- ukuxubha;
- inhliziyo isigqi disorder;
- i-malaise jikelele;
- ikhanda;
- imisipha ye-muscle;
- ukudweba ubuhlungu emisipha;
- ukungabi nesifiso sokudla;
- ukuvuthwa njalo;
- isiyaluyalu.
Lezi zimpawu ze-hyperkalemia azihlali zibonakala njalo hhayi zonke. Singaluthola kanjani lesi sifo kulokhu?
Ngokujwayelekile, nge-hyperkalemia, kukhona ngempela uphawu lwesici ezifana nobuhlungu besisu nokuhluleka kokuphefumula. Uma kunzima kuwe ngisho nokuba ulethe indebe ezindebeni zakho, noma i-diaphragm ayiwi phansi ngokwanele ukuze ithathe umoya ojulile, ivimbela ukuqoqa amaphaphu egcwele emoyeni, lokhu kubonisa isifo.
Ngenxa yokuthi okuqukethwe kwe-potassium egazini ngokuqondile kuthinta ukusebenza okuvamile kwensimu yenhliziyo, i-hyperkalemia enhle kakhulu ibonakala ku- ECG . Ngosizo lwe-cardiogram kungenzeka ukuthi ubone kokubili ukukhululeka nokulahlekelwa kwalesi sikhokhelo. Izimpawu ze-hyperkalemia ku-ECG zibonakala ngokuyinhloko emazinyweni e-T ekhomba. Lokhu ubufakazi bokugula okuncane. Uma lesi sifo sidlulile esigabeni esiphakathi, isikhala se-PQ sinwetshiwe kwi-cardiogram futhi isakhiwo se-QRS siba sikhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo i-AV-ibambe kancane futhi, lapho ebuhlungu kakhulu, izinyo zikaP. ziyanyamalala. Ijika elivamile liqala ukufana nesono. Ku
I-hypokalemia cardiologists izothola isithombe esihluke ngokuphelele - izinyosi ze-T zinezinyosi kanye nokuphakama kwezinyosi kukhula. Kungenxa ngosizo lwe-cardiogram ukuthi ukuxilongwa kwesifo kulula ukuyihlolisisa. Ngisho nokuhlolwa kwegazi akusiso sonke isiqinisekiso sesifo. Iqiniso liwukuthi nge-sampuli yegazi, i-hyperkalemia yamanga ivame ukubonwa. Njengoba ukuhlaziywa kuthathwa emthonjeni, kungukucindezeleka okuqondile komzimba, futhi i-potassium ifihliwe kusuka kumaseli ngokungahambisani nendawo yangaphakathi. Futhi, imbangela yokwanda kwenani le-macro-element egazini ingaba i-tourniquet engaphezu kwengalo, noma izingubo eziqinile kakhulu.