I-electrocardiography yindlela engabizi futhi efundisa kakhulu yokuxilongwa, okuvumela ukukhomba izifo zezinhliziyo eziningana ngokubangela isiguli ukuba sibe ubuncane bokukhathazeka. Umphumela wocwaningo yi-ECG yenhliziyo - okungukuthi, i-electrocardiogram ngesimo segrafu ebonisa umsebenzi wegungu.
Izinhliziyo ze-ECG zinjani?
Isimiso saleso sifundo ukurekhoda ukushintshashintsha kwemikhakha engase ihambisane nezinsizakalo ze-muscle yenhliziyo futhi idluliselwa ku-cardiograph ngokusebenzisa ama-electrodes. Ukungaboni ngaso linye kubizwa ngokuthi imikhombandlela, futhi ukubhaliswa kwabo, ama-electrode afakwe ku:
- isandla sokunene;
- isandla sokunxele;
- umlenze wesokunxele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhola ngalunye kunamapulangwe amabili - plus kanye nokunciphisa. Ingqikithi iningi lesithupha. Ngomlenze wesokudla, i-electrode isetshenziswe njenge-electrode yokufaka umhlabathi, futhi amandla angabhalwa kuso.
Ngaphandle kokuholela emlenzeni, ku-cardiography, umehluko emathonjeni enhlobonhlobo ye-thoracic kulinganiselwa - ngokujwayelekile kunezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye, kepha ngokuvamile kuvamile kuphela eziyisithupha, kanti ngasinye sinesibalo esisodwa kuphela. Laba odokotela babeka ama-electrodes esifubeni ngamaphuzu athile.
Ukulungiselela i-ECG yenhliziyo
Azikho izinyathelo ezikhethekile ezithathwe ngaphambi kokutadisha. Odokotela bacebisa ukuthi bangakhathazeki ngesikhathi sokuqoshwa kwe-ECG, ikakhulukazi njengoba le ndlela yokuxilongwa ingekho-invasive, futhi isiguli asizwa lutho.
Akunconywa ukuthi usebenzise ama-creams ngaphambi kokuhamba nge-cardiography. izinsalela zabo esikhumbeni zingahle ziphazamise umphumela wezilinganiso. Ukuze uvimbele indawo enjalo yokulungisa ama-electrodes, ukungabi naso utshwala. Khona-ke i-gel eqhubayo isetshenziswa (ingashintshwa ngokusula ama-gauze) futhi i-sucker ishintshiwe.
Emva kwalokho, udokotela uphendukela kudivayisi bese eqala ukurekhoda i-ECG yenhliziyo - njengomthetho, udokotela othola ukuthi uyakwazi ukuyiqonda. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona ukwehluleka okuphawulekayo eshadini, ukubonisana okuqhubekayo kwenziwa kuphela yi-cardiologist oya khona.
Inqubo yonke ayithathi ngaphezu kwemizuzu embalwa. Ngoba ama-suckers anamathele kuphela emzimbeni wesifuba, kufanelekile ukugqoke izingubo ezikhululekile (amatekisi kuzodingeka asuswe noma ngabe yikuphi). Uma isiguli sinokuphefumula okukhulu, ukuze sibone ama-arrhythmiya enhliziyo ku-ECG ngokunembile, ngesikhathi sokulinganisa, kunconywa ukuba uhlale futhi ungaqambi amanga.
Yini ekhombisa i-ECG yenhliziyo?
Le ndlela yokuxilonga ivumela:
- Hlaziya imvamisa yokuvinjelwa kwenhliziyo nokujwayelekile kwabo.
- Thola ukuhlukumeza kwe-magnesium, i-calcium, i-potassium namanye ama-electrolyte.
- Yazi umonakalo emkhatsini we-myocardium, i-concomitant attack heart noma ischemia.
- Ukudalula i-hypertrophy ye-ventricle yesokunxele.
Esikhathini seshadi le-cardiogram, amazinyo P, Q, R, S, T abonakalayo, futhi izinyosi ezincane ziyabonakala. Zonke zihambelana nesigaba esithile sokuqhaqhazela nokuphumula kwesisu senhliziyo.
I-ECG engavamile
Okokuqala, ama-arrhythmias kanye nama-carcac blockages ku-ECG avuliwe - lezi zinguquko emvamisa evamile nokujwayelekile kwe-pulse.
Kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa lezi zokuphulwa ngendlela elandelayo:
- I-Tachycardia iyinhliziyo ephuthumayo, okungukuthi, ukwanda kwentengo yenhliziyo; kungokwenyama (ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca) kanye nokukhathazeka (ukukhathazeka ngisho nokuphumula).
- I-Bradycardia - isilinganiso senhliziyo esiphansi (ukushaya okungu-70 ngomzuzu).
- I-Extrasystolia - ukwephula kwenhliziyo, lapho isisipha senza ukunciphisa okungavamile.
- I-fibrillation ye-atrial iyindlela ye-tachycardia
uketshezi lwe-atyrotic of the atria luyinkimbinkimbi futhi akunakwenzeka ukunciphisa okuhlanganisiwe.
Ukwehlukana okuvela emvuthweni we-ECG yenhliziyo kuhlolwa yi-cardiologist, kepha le ndlela yokuxilongwa kungenzeka ingabi nolwazi olufanele. Bese banika i-ultrasound (i-Echo-KG), okukuvumela ukuba ulandele umsebenzi we-muscle wenhliziyo ngesikhathi sangempela, bheka ukuhamba kwegazi, cabanga ngesakhiwo se-valve. Nika i-ultrasound yenhliziyo noma i-electrocardiogram, udokotela unquma - ngokuhlolwa okuvamile kubantu abanobuchopho, ngokuvamile nje i-electrocardiogram iyanele.