I-brronchitis yisifo esibangela ukuvuvukala lapho izinambuzane ezinamaqabunga ezindonga ze-bronchi zihileleka enkambweni yokugula. Uma kutholakala i-bronchitis yokuvimbela ukuvimbela, lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuvuvukala kuhambisane nesifo sokuvimbela isisu, okungukuthi, ukucwiliswa kwe-lumen ye-bronchi kubonakala, okuvimbela umoya.
Indlela yokuvinjelwa kwe-bronchial
I-Bronchi iyinhlangano yomzimba womzimba wokuphefumula, ibukeka ngendlela efana ne-bifurcation ye-trachea ibe yizingxenye ezimbili, okuvela khona ukufakwa kwamagatsha okuqala (umuthi we-bronchial). Amagatsha amancane kunawo wonke ahlanganiswa nezifundo ze-alveolar, emaphethelweni ama-alveoli atholakalayo - ama-bubble formations of the lungs, lapho ukushintshaniswa kwegesi kwenzeka khona. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wamatayipi okubhubhisa ukugxilisa umoya ngesikhathi sokuphefumula nokuhlanza ngesikhathi esisodwa, ukuhluma nokushisa, kanye nokususa ngesikhathi sokuphumula.
Ngokumelene nokulandelana kwezinqubo zokuvuvukala ezithuthuka ku-bronchi ngaphansi kwethonya lezici ezicasulayo, kuncipha kokuzivikela komzimba, uhlelo lokuzivikela lwe-bronchi luyeke ukubhekana nemisebenzi yalo. Ezingxenyeni ze-mucosa, izinguquko zesakhiwo zihlotshaniswa ne-hypertrophy yezingqungquthela ezikhiqiza ukufihla kwe-bronchial kanye nokuguqulwa kwamangqamuzana e-epithelium eciliated eholela ekutheni i-phlegm ibe ngamangqamuzana akhiqiza ama-mucus. Ngenxa yalokho, okubizwa okuthiwa i-pathogenetic triad idalwe:
- ukuvinjelwa kwe-bronchial eyengeziwe;
- ukuwohloka kokuphuma kwe-sputum kusuka kubo;
- ukubambezeleka nokuqoqwa kwemfihlo yokuvutha.
Lezi zinqubo ziholela ekusungulweni kwezinqubo zokuvinjelwa kwe-bronchial, okuhlukile kwalezo ezenzeka ngokuvuvukala okungavimbeli. Ochwepheshe baqaphele ukuthi ukuvinjelwa kwe-bronchial kuvela ngokusebenzisa izindlela eziguquguqukayo nezingenakuguqulwa. Okokuqala yilokhu:
- ukunciphisa isikhanyiso se-bronchi ngenxa yesikhumba esibukhali (bronchospasm);
- ukuvuvukala okuhlobene nokuvuvukala kwe-mucous and submucosa bronchi;
- ukugcwaliswa kwesihlahla esinomuthi obunzima ngamanzi amaningi amancane.
Esikhathini esizayo, lezi zindlela ziyashintshwa ngokungenakuqondakala:
- i-stenosis ye-bronchi, ihambisane nokugqama kwezicubu zayo ezihambisana nezibani;
- ukunciphisa okubukhali ekuphumuleni kwamanzi okuvela emagatsheni amancane e-bronchi;
- ukuguqulwa kwodonga lwendwangu lwe-bronchi enkulu kanye ne-trachea ngokunyakaza ku-lumen ye-airways.
Izimbangela ze-bronchitis ezivimbelayo
Eziguli ezikhulile, i-bronchitis ekhubaza ivame ukukhula ngaphansi kwethonya lezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- ukubhema ugwayi, lapho izindiza zomoya ziqoqa khona izinto ezinomsoco eziphazamisa inqubo yokuhlanza, nokuvuvukala kwamangqamuzana amancane ngenxa yokucasuka kwentuthu;
- izimo zokusebenza eziyingozi ezihambisana nokufakwe emoyeni, okuqukethe uthuli, amakhemikhali amakhemikhali;
- izifo zokuphefumula ezivamile, buthakathaka izindlela zokuvikela zesimiso sokuphefumula;
- i-genetic factor - ukwephulwa komkhiqizo we-α1-antitrypsin amaprotheni, okuholela ekubhujisweni kwamaphaphu.
Kunezinyathelo eziningana zokunciphisa ekukhanyeni kwe-bronchi:
- Ukuvinjelwa okulula - akubangeli ukulimala okuphawulekayo ekuhambeni kwe-airway kanye nezinguquko ezihlobene.
- Ukuvinjelwa okulinganiselwe kwe-bronchi - uma isibani se-bronchi sivinjelwe ngaphansi kwama-50%.
- Izinga eliphakeme lokuvimbela - ukukhishwa kwe-lumen ye-bronchi kuncishiswe kakhulu, okubangela ukwehla kwe-oksijini egazini nokuwohloka komsebenzi wazo zonke izitho nezinhlelo.
I-bronchitis evimbelayo evimbelayo
I-bronchitis evimbelayo ifomu elimvame ukuvame ukukhula ebuntwaneni uma igciwane lesandulela ngculaza, ngokutheleleka kwebhaktheriya noma ngenxa yokusabela okweqile. Ukufakwa kwesifo kulesi sifo yizingane ezingenasifo sokuzivikela, ezinemvelaphi ephakeme yokuhlushwa, izakhi zofuzo. Ngokuvamile, amagatsha amancane naphakathi aphethwe, futhi ukuvinjelwa kwe-bronchi enkulu akuvamile.
I-bronchitis engavamile yokuvimbela
Enkambweni engavamile, kunezikhathi zokuxolelwa nokukhuphula, okubonakala ngokubonakaliswa kwazo. Kuboniswe kuleli fomu lesi sifo ikakhulukazi amadoda, njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi isenzo esithintekayo esibhekene nazo (ukubhema, izingozi zomsebenzi) kuphakeme. Kulokhu, kungase kube khona ukuvinjelwa kwe-bronchi encane, futhi ukwehla ku-lumen ye-bronchi emikhulu nephakathi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ze-alveolar.
I-bronchitis yokuvimbela - izimpawu
I-bronchitis enamandla enezithiyo, isikhathi esingadluli amasonto amathathu, ihambisana nesithombe somtholampilo:
- ukushisa komzimba okwandisiwe;
- ukukhwehlela owomile noma okungafezeki (ngokuvamile okuyi-paroxysmal, kubi kakhulu ebusuku nasekuseni);
- ukwanda emvamisa yokunyakaza kokuphefumula kuze kube izikhathi ezingu-18 ngomzuzu;
- ukubonakala kwamagagasi okugubha nge-exhalation, okungaqondwa yibo abazungezile ngisho nasekude, okukhulunywe ngokucacile esimweni esivamile.
I-relapsing Chronic obstructive bronchitis, etholakala ngokuphindaphinda lesi sifo izikhathi ezintathu noma ngaphezulu ngonyaka, ibonakalisa izimpawu ezilandelayo:
- ikhanda njalo;
- ukukhathala okukhulu;
- ukuthuthumela;
- ukuphefumula;
- "Isiko" sokukhwehlela okunzima ukuhlukanisa i-sputum, ngezinye izikhathi brown brown, ne-mix of blood;
- ukushaya, ukushaya umlolo lapho uphefumula;
- ukufisa ukudla.
Izikhathi zokucindezela, ngokuyinhloko, zihambisana nenkathi ebandayo futhi zibhekwa ngokumelene nesizinda sesifo sofuba esiyingozi noma i-hypothermia. Kulesi simo, izinga lokushisa lomzimba lingakhula, liba namandla futhi liba lula njalo futhi likhwehlela ubuhlungu, kunzima ukubona ukuphefumula. Isikhathi sokuphindaphindiwe cishe amasonto amabili.
Isikhumba nge-bronchitis esivimbelayo
Ukucwiliswa okukhulu kwe-sputum e-viscous, eqoqa i-bronchi, kwenza kube nokukhwehlela okukhulu kakhulu nge-bronchitis engavimbelayo, okukhulunywa ngayo endaweni ejwayelekile. Ukuhlushwa okuqhubekayo nokuhlala isikhathi eside kubonakala ebusuku futhi ngokushesha ngemva kokuvuka. Ukwehla kwe-bronchial kunobuthakathaka, kungathola uhlamvu oluhlanzekile, futhi kulokhu kubhekwa njengokuphindwa kwesifo. Ukugaya njalo kuhambisana nokuphefumula. Ukuvimbela ukuhlukaniswa kwe-bronchi, okungabangela ukungakwazi ukusebenza kwe-pulmonary, kuhambisana nokukhwehlela okujulile nokugcoba kwesikhumba.
Ukushisa nge-bronchitis yokuvimbela
Ngokuvamile, iziguli ezisola isifo, zikhathazekile ngokuthi kukhona yini izinga lokushisa elinamandla okuvimbela i-bronchitis. Kufanelekile ukwazi ukuthi ngalezi zinkinga izinga lokushisa alivuki kaningi futhi lingavamile ukufika kumamaki aphezulu (ngokuvamile aphezulu kune-38 ° C). Isimo se-febrile sivame kakhulu ngesimo esibucayi sesifo, futhi ubuhlungu obungapheliyo obhubhekisayo ezimweni eziningi kwenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda samazinga ajwayelekile okushisa.
I-bronchitis yokuvimbela - ukwelashwa
Ukuze anqume indlela yokwelapha i-bronchitis ephazamisayo, udokotela ubeka izinqubo eziningi zokuxilonga, okwenza kube lula ukubona imbangela ye-pathology kanye nesilinganiso sobunzima bayo. Izinqubo ezinjalo zihlanganisa:
- ukuqhuma nokuqhuma emaphashini;
- Imidwebo yezingqikithi (kubandakanya nokwethulwa kohlobo lokuphambene);
- i-spirography ;
- ukuhlaziywa kwe-sputum;
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi (jikelele, i-biochemistry);
- ukuhlolwa kwe-immunological njalonjalo.
Ezimweni ezinzima izibhedlela zihlinzeka esibhedlela. I-bronchitis enobuciko kanye nekhono eliqinile, ikakhulukazi ehambisana nomkhuhlane, idinga ukuphumula kombhede. Ngemuva kokunciphisa isimo, iziguli zikhuthazwa ukuba zihambe ngokuhamba phambili emoyeni omusha, ikakhulukazi ekuseni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziguli kufanele ziqaphele izincomo ezilandelayo ezibalulekile:
- Ukwenqaba ukubhema (ukucingo kokubhema ukubhema).
- Ukuphuza okufudumele nokuningi (ngokuvamile kuvamile ukuphuza kufanele kwandiswe izikhathi ezingu-1.5-2).
- Ukudla okunomsoco ngokukhipha ukudla okunzima ukugaya, okunamafutha, okuthosiwe.
- Umoya egumbini lapho isiguli uhlala khona kufanele ube ohlanzekile, unomsoco.
Izindlela zokwelashwa eziyinhloko:
- ukuphathwa kwezidakamizwa;
- izinqubo ze-physiotherapeutic (ukuxilonga nokuxilonga, ukushisa, i-electrophoresis, inhalation);
- ukuphefumula, ukuvivinya umzimba.
I-bronchitis yokuvimbela - usizo lokuqala
Abantu abathuthukisa i-bronchitis yokuvimbela, ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo kungadingeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ngoba ukuhlaselwa kwe-choking kungathuthuka ngokushesha nangalindelekile. Izimpawu ezibonisa isimo esiyingozi ziyi: ukuphoqeleka ukuphoqeleka okuhlezi emaphethelweni esihlalo esinezinyawo ngaphandle, ukukhwehlela okunomile okukhulu ngokushaya nokushaya imilomo, izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nekhala, izimpande. Kulesi simo, udinga ukubiza i-ambulensi.
Ngaphambi kokufika odokotela, udinga:
- Nikeza isiguli ngokugeleza kwe-air.
- Susa izingubo ezivimbela ukuphefumula.
- Faka isicelo se-inhaler-aerosol ne-bronchodilator, uma ngaphambilini ebekwe udokotela.
- Sebenzisa indlela yokukhulula i-spasm ye-bronchi, ehlanganisa ukuphefumula emgodini ocebile-carbon-exhale futhi uvuse umoya, ngokucindezela ngokucindezela i-cap kumuntu.
I-bronchitis yokuvimbela - izidakamizwa zokwelashwa
Iziguli ezixilongwa "nge-bronchitis yokuvimbela" zingase zibekwe lokhu okulandelayo:
- ama-bronchodilators (i- Salbutamol , i-Atrovent, i-Serevent);
- i-mucolytics (i-Ambroxol, i-Trypsin, i-Acetylcysteine);
- antibiotics for bronchitis okuvimbela (Azithromycin, Cefuroxime, Clarithromycin);
- i-glucocorticosteroids (i-Prednisolone, i-Fluticasone);
- izidakamizwa ezingekho-steroidal anti-inflammatory (Ibuprofen, Paracetamol, Nimesulide).
Inhalation nge-bronchitis ephazamisayo
Uma ukwelashwa kwesibambiso se-bronchial kuyadingeka, enye yezindlela ezikhethwe zokuphatha i-nebulizers inhalation. Izinto ezisebenzayo zamagunya asetshenzisiwe zithunyelwa ngesikhathi esifushane ekugxilweni kwezempilo, ukuvumela ukususa isikhala, ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala, nokuhoxisa i-phlegm. Sihlunga izidakamizwa ezivamile zokungena:
- I-Berodual ;
- I-Atrovent;
- I-Berotek;
- Ventolin;
- I-Lazolvan;
- Budesonid nabanye.
I-bronchitis evimbelayo - izindlela zomuntu zokwelapha
Ukwelashwa kwe-bronchitis okuvimbelayo ngamakhambi omuntu kuyamukeleka ngemva kwesivumelwano nodokotela oya khona, futhi ukupheka kwabantu kungaba usizo kuphela ekwelapheni okuyisisekelo. Ngokuvamile, abahlengikazi batusa ukuba bathathe ama-herb of herbs ahlukahlukene kanye nomshikashika owenza umphumela we-expectorant ne-anti-inflammatory (umama nomama wesifazane, izimpande zelayisensi, i-thyme).
Iresiphi ephumelelayo ngokusekelwe anyanisi
Izithako:
- anyanisi - 500 g;
- ushukela - 400 g;
- uju - 50 g;
- amanzi - ilitha eli-1.
Ukulungiselela nokusebenzisa
- Peel bese uthinte anyanisi.
- Hlanganisa noshukela, uju, engeza amanzi.
- Ubilise ekushiseni okuphansi kwamahora amathathu, epholile, cwilisa.
- Thatha isipuni izikhathi 4-6 ngosuku.
I-bronchitis yokuvimbela - izinkinga
Izifo ezinzima zokuvimbela i-bronchitis zivame ukulandelayo:
- emphysema yamaphaphu ;
- Ukungakwazi ukuphefumula;
- inhliziyo yamapulmari ;
- i-bronchiectasis;
- i-secondary pulmonary arterial hypertension.