I-infarction ye-myocardial yindlela ye-ischemic isifo senhliziyo, lapho ukwehluleka kokujikeleza okuphelele noma okuyingxenye kuvela khona endaweni yesisu senhliziyo. Kukhona i-infarction ye-myocardial, kokubili kwabesifazane nakwabesilisa, kodwa okulandelayo cishe cishe kabili. Izibalo zibiza ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo esinye sezimbangela ezivamile zokufa emazweni athuthukile emhlabeni jikelele.
Izimbangela zesifo
Isizathu esivame kakhulu sokuthuthukiswa kwesifo senhliziyo kubantu besifazane ukubulawa kwe-atherosclerosis yezikebhe. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wemikhumbi ye-coronary ukudluliselwa kwezakhi kanye ne-oksijini emangqamuzaneni emisipha yenhliziyo. Uma kwenzeka i-infarction, enye yalezi zikebhe igcwele i-thrombus, futhi ukunikezwa kwe-oksijini kwanele imizuzwana engu-10 yokusebenza kwenhliziyo. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-30 yokuntuleka kokudla, ukuguqulwa okungenakuguqulwa kwamangqamuzana enhliziyo kuqala futhi kungakapheli amahora ambalwa indawo ethintekayo ingezansi ngokuphelele. Ezinye izizathu, ezingavamile kakhulu:
- I-Obturation ngenxa yokuphathwa okuhlinzayo (i-angioplasty, i-artery ligation);
- ukuhlanganiswa kwemithambo ye-cardiac ne-thrombosis, ukumbumbuluka kwamafutha, njll;
- i-spasm yemikhumbi ye-coronary (ene-angina pectoris, njll).
Kunezici ezinobungozi ezenza ukuba kuvele izimpawu zesifo senhliziyo kubantu besifazane, zihlanganisa:
- uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50;
- ukukhuluphala;
- isifo sikashukela mellitus ;
- ukuphathwa kabi kotshwala;
- ukubhema;
- cholesterol ngokweqile egazini;
- umsebenzi ophansi womzimba;
- ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo esikhathini esidlule.
Infarction ibhekene nokubikezelwa okungenasimo kwentuthuko futhi kuvame ukuholela enkingeni enjengokuhluleka kwenhliziyo yokwehlukana okukhulu.
Izimpawu zesifo senhliziyo kwabesifazane
Izimpawu zesimo zihlukaniswe ngezikhathi ezingu-5, zilandelana ngokulandelana:
- Isikhathi sangaphambi kokuhlukunyezwa singaphelela emaminithini ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa futhi sibonakala, ngokuyinhloko, ngokuhlaselwa kwe-angina pectoris, okungukuthi, ukuhlaselwa kobuhlungu noma ukungahambi kahle ngemva kwe-sternum. I-Angina pectoris ingabhekwa njengezibonakaliso zokuqala zenhliziyo ehlasela, okuzokwenzeka uma ukwelashwa kungaqalwanga ngesikhathi.
- Isikhathi esilandelayo sibizwa ngokuthi sibukhali kakhulu. Ihlala amahora ambalwa okuqala kusukela ekuqaleni kwe-infarction ye-myocardial, ngezinye izikhathi isikhathi eside. Ngokuvame kakhulu kubonakala ubuhlungu obukhulu ngemuva kwe-sternum, ekhula futhi inikeza ingalo yesobunxele, i-scapula, i-clavicle, umhlathi. Kuhambisane nokuhlaselwa kokwesaba nokujuluka okukhulu, ukuphazamiseka nokuphefumula, ngezinye izikhathi ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.
Kukhona izinhlobo ze-infyction ze-myocardial, ezingavamile kakhulu. Ukubonakaliswa okunjalo nje kuvame ukubonwa kwabesifazane. Lokhu kufaka:
- ubuhlungu besisu (ubuhlungu besisu esiswini , isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ubuthakathaka, izimpawu ezifana ne-pancreatitis);
- i-asthmatic (i-dyspnea, i-edema ye-pulmonary, izimpawu ezifana ne-asthma);
- cerebral (isizungu, ukukhanda ikhanda, ukukhubazeka okubukwayo, ukungazi kahle kanye nezinye izimpawu ze-neurological).
Isikhathi esiyinkimbinkimbi siphelela ezinsukwini eziyi-10 futhi ngalesi sikhathi uhlamvu luqala ukwakha indawo ye-necrosis. Isikhathi sokuhlukumezeka singamaviki ayisishiyagalombili okwenziwa kobunzima. Futhi esikhathini esiku-post-infarction, isiguli sigxilile.
Ukuvimbela i-infarction ye-myocardial
Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwenhliziyo, kufanelekile ukuthatha izinyathelo esivele zikhona
- ukuhambisana nomsebenzi okwenziwe njalo;
- ukwenqaba ukubhema;
- ukwehla ezingeni lokusetshenziswa kotshwala;
- Ukudla (ukudla okunomsoco wezilwane ezincane kanye nosawoti, imifino eningi nezithelo, inhlanzi);
- ukulawula ishukela egazini (isifo sikashukela ezinozini engozini);
- ukulawula i-cholesterol egazini;
- ukulawulwa komfutho wegazi (akukho ngaphezulu kuka-140 kuya kwezingu-90);
- amalungiselelo okwelapha abantu abane-angina noma izingozi ezikhulayo (aspirin, heparin).