Noma yiziphi izimbangela zokuvela kwesifo sikashukela kubantu, lesi sifo sesimiso se-endocrine ngaso sonke isikhathi sihambisana nezinga eliphakeme elingapheli likaglucose egazini futhi libangelwa ukungabi namandla okuphelele noma okulinganiselwe kwe-insulini.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imbangela, isifo sikashukela sinomphumela obangela ukuphazamiseka kwe-carbohydrates, amaprotheni namafutha.
Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela
Lesi sifo senziwa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-insulin ehlala njalo - i-hormone eyakhiwe eziqhingini ze-endocrine ze-pancreas, okuthiwa yiziqhingi ze-Langerhans. I-insulini iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu kuwo wonke ama-carbohydrate, amaprotheni nezinqubo ze-fat metabolic zomzimba. Ku-metabolism ye-carbohydrate, i-hormone-insulin ithinta ngokukhulisa ukungenisa kweglucose emangqamuzaneni omzimba futhi kusebenze izindlela ezihlukile zokuqala kwe-glucose. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuvimbela ukuwohloka kwama-carbohydrate.
Izimbangela zesifo sikashukela zibangelwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin okwanele nokuphazanyiswa komphumela wayo kumathishu. Ukungasebenzi kwe-insulini, okuhlotshaniswa nokubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana okukhiqiza i-insulin eziqhingini zaseLangerhans, kubangela ukubukeka kwalolu hlobo lwesifo njengohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Ukukhombisa ukuthi lesi sifo siqala, lapho ama-80% wamaseli eyeka ukusebenza.
Ekhuluma ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sesi-2, izimbangela zenziwa ukungasebenzi kwe-insulini emahlakheni.
Izizathu zokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela zisekelwe ekumisweni kwe-insulin, okungukuthi, uma igazi liqukethe inani elivamile noma elikhuphuka le-insulini, kodwa amangqamuzana omzimba awabonisi ukuzwela kuwo.
Izimbangela zokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela zihlukanisa lesi sifo zibe izinhlobo ezimbili:
- ngokuzenzakalela - ngenxa yokulimala esimisweni somzimba;
- idiopathic.
Futhi uma imbangela yokubonakaliswa kwesifo sikashukela i-autoimmune isifo sofuba kanye nemiphumela yezinto ezinobuthi, isibonelo, izibulala-zinambuzane, khona-ke izimbangela ze-idiopathic type 1 yesifo sikashukela asikwakhiwe.
Izimbangela eziyinhloko zesifo
Lokhu kufaka:
- Izifo ze-Genetic - iziguli ezinezihlobo ezinesifo sikashukela zinengozi enkulu yokuthuthukisa uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi lesi sifo, uma omunye wabagulayo, singama-9%.
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile - kubantu abanesisindo somzimba ngokweqile kanye nesisindo esikhulu samathambo adipose, ikakhulukazi esiswini, ukuzwela kwezicubu zomzimba kuya kwe-insulin kunciphisa kakhulu, lokhu kusiza ukuthi kwenzeke isifo sikashukela izikhathi eziningana.
- Ukuphazamiseka kokudla - ukudla okunama-carbohydrate amaningi kanye nokuntuleka kwe-fiber kuyoholela ekukhulupheni futhi kunethuba lokuthuthukisa isifo sikashukela.
- Izimo ezicindezelayo ezingapheliyo - ukutholakala okuqhubekayo kwesimo sokucindezeleka kuhambisana nokwanda kwenani le-adrenaline, i-glucocorticoids ne-norepinephrine egazini, elinomphumela omuhle ekuthuthukiseni isifo sikashukela.
Izimbangela zesibili
Isifo senhliziyo esesikhathi eside eside, isifo sokuqina kwesifo sofuba nesifo somfutho wegazi ophakeme sinciphisa ukuzwela kwezicubu ku-insulin. I-hormone ye-glucocorticoid synthetic, ezinye izidakamizwa ezinama-antihypertensive, izidakamizwa ze-diuretics, ikakhulukazi i-thiazide diuretics, izidakamizwa eziphikisanayo zinomphumela wesifo sikashukela.
Kungakhathaliseki imbangela yokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sikashukela, ukuxilongwa kufanele kuqinisekiswe yizincazelo eziningana zegazi glucose ngezinsuku ezahlukene, ngokuqhuba ukuvivinya kwe-glucose ukubekezelelana nangokunquma okuqukethwe kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated yegazi.