Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlola isimo sempilo yabantu, ukukhomba izifo ezihlukahlukene ezinyathelweni zakuqala, ukuhlolwa kwegazi lwe-laboratory. Le fluidi yezinto eziphilayo ibonisa ngokugcwele ukusebenza komzimba kanye nokutholakala kwezinqubo ze-pathological. Kubalulekile ukuba ukwazi ukufunda ukuhlolwa kwegazi emtholampilo - okubhalwe kufanele kubhekane nobudala nobulili, kwabesifazane, kwezinye izinkomba, usuku lokuya esikhathini luyacaciswa.
Ukunquma kanye nemigomo yokuhlaziywa komtholampilo jikelele wegazi
Okokuqala, cabangela inguqulo engeyona eyandisiwe yocwaningo oluchazwe laboratory, olufaka amaphuzu ayisisekelo:
- I-Hemoglobin, i-HB. I-pigment ebomvu ye-erythrocyte, ephethe ukuhamba kwe-oksijini futhi isetshenziswe kaboni dioxide.
- I-Erythrocytes, i-RBC - yenzelwe ukusekela izinqubo ze-oxidation eziphilayo ezijwayelekile emzimbeni.
- I-CPU (isikhombisi sombala), i-MCHC. Ibonisa okuqukethwe okubomvu kwe-pigment kuma-erythrocytes.
- I-Reticulocytes, i-RTC. Amaseli akhiqizwa emnothweni wethambo. Arythrocyte asisivuthiwe.
- Ama-Platelets, i-PLT - adingekayo ekusebenzeni kwegazi okujwayelekile.
- Ama-leukocytes, i-WBC. Amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe, anesibopho sokukhomba nokuvimbela ama-microorganisms e-pathogenic. Iphesenti lokugwaza kanye namaseli amhlophe egazini ahlukaniswe ngokuhlukile.
- Ama-lymphocyte, i-LYM. Amangqamuzana asemqoka omzimba, okuvimbela ukunqotshwa kwamagciwane.
- Ama-Eosinophils, i-EOS. Idizayinelwe ukulwa nokubhekana nokugula , ukuhlasela kwe-parasitic.
- Ama-Basophiles, BAS. Ubhekene nakho konke ukuphendula kwe-hypersensitivity nokukhululwa kwe-histamine.
- I-monocytes (ama-macrophages amathishu), i-MON - ibhubhisa izinsalela zamangqamuzana enonya, ukuvuvukala kwesibhamu, izicubu ezifile.
- I-Hematocrit, i-HTC. Kubonisa isilinganiso senani lama-erythrocytes kuya kwevolumu yenani le-plasma.
Futhi, uma kuhlungwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi lomtholampilo, i-ESR (ESR) noma isilinganiso se-erythrocyte sedimentation sibalwa. Leli xabiso lisibonakaliso esingenasiphakamiso senqubo yokuvuvukala nezinye izifo zomzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinguquko ezingeni le-ESR kungaba yindlela yokuqala yokuthola ukuthi kukhona ukukhulelwa.
Ngesikhathi sokumenyezelwa kokuhlolwa kwegazi emtholampilo, imiphumela yenkomba ngayinye ibalulekile ngokuqhathanisa nemikhuba evumelekile evamile:
- HB - kusuka ku-120 kuya kwangu-140 g / l (abesifazane), no-130-160 g / l (owesilisa);
- I-RBC - 3,7-4,7 nge-12 degrees ngehora elilodwa legazi (abesifazane), 4,5-5,1 (amadoda);
- I-MCHC - kusuka ku-0.85 kuya ku-1.15%;
- I-RTC - i-0.2-1.2 nge-12 degrees nge-1 litre legazi;
- PLT - 180-320 at 9 degrees per 1 ilitha yegazi;
- I-WBC - kusuka ku-4 kuya ku-9%. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, labo abagwazwe yi-1-6%, ama-47-72%;
- I-LYM - 18-40%;
- I-EOS - kufika ku-5%;
- I-BAS - engabi ngaphezu kuka-1%;
- I-MON - 2-9%;
- I-HTC - 39-49%;
- I-ESR - kusuka ku-2 ukuya ku-15 mm / h (isitezi sesifazane), 1-10 mm / h (esesilisa).
Ukunquma ukuhlolwa kwegazi okwandisiwe
Ecwaningweni olwandisiwe ukuhlaziywa kwe-erythrocyte eyengeziwe, ama-platelet ne-leukocyte indices kwenziwa. Okubaluleke kunazo zonke:
- I-MCV yivolumu evamile ye-erythrocyte ngayinye (ejwayelekile: 80-95 fl.);
- I-MPV - inani elilinganiselwe lomthamo weplatelet (okujwayelekile: 7-10 fl).
Izinkomba ezilandelayo zibalwa futhi:
- I-HGB / RBC - okuqukethwe okujwayelekile kwe-pigment ebomvu ku-erythrocyte;
- I-HGB / HCT yisilinganiso sokuhlushwa (ngamaphesenti) we-hemoglobin ku-erythrocyte;
- I-RDW ububanzi bokusabalaliswa kwawo wonke amaseli obomvu egazi.
Kunezinye izinkomba ezithile ezingabandakanywa ekuhlolweni kwegazi okuningiliziwe, kunezibalo ezingu-25 zazo, kodwa udokotela kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi kudingekile nokuthi kunesidingo sokuzimisela kwabo.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngisho nokuchaza kahle okuzimele kwemiphumela, umuntu akufanele azame ukwenza ukuxilongwa ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela.