I-Zika virus (ZIKV) yi-zoonotic arbovirus ukutheleleka okwenziwe uhlobo oluthile lwemiyane ehlala ezindaweni ezihlala ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi bakhombisa ukuthi amathuba okutheleleka ngokobulili awunqatshiwe. Kule ndaba, wonke umuntu wanamuhla kufanele abe nomqondo wokuthi yiziphi izimpawu eziwuphawu lwabantu abanegciwane le-Zika. Kule ndaba oyithumelayo, izici zegciwane le-Zick zinikezwa, futhi izimpawu nezinyathelo zokuvimbela lesi sifo zichazwa.
Izimpawu zokutheleleka nge-Zika virus
Ngokokuqala ngqa, amacala omkhuhlane kaZick atholakala ngo-1952 emazweni ase-Afrika. Isikhathi sokugcina ukuqhuma kwenzeka ngo-2015 eLatin America. Yilezi zifo zokutheleleka ezikhathazeka ngokukhethekile emphakathini emazweni amaningi, ngoba iBrazil kufanele ibe yizwe lezakhamuzi ze-Olympic ka-2016, futhi ngokusho kwe-WHO, izimpawu zegciwane le-Zick azibalulekile kuphela kubadlali, kodwa kuzo zonke izivakashi zeMidlalo yama-Olympic isifo esiyingozi.
Isikhathi sokufakelwa ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza i-Zika ingaba kusuka ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya emavikini amabili. Ezimweni eziningi ngalesi sikhathi akukho ukubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo kubonakala.
Ngemuva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokugubha, sekukhona ukukhathazeka okuncane nge-malaise jikelele, kodwa njengoba lesi sifo siphuthuma, izimpawu ezilandelayo zomtholampilo zivela ezigulini:
- ukuqhuma okumnandi (ama-macular noma ama-papular) okusabalala phezu kobuso bonke bomzimba;
- ikhanda;
- ukukhulisa izinga lokushisa kuya kuma-degrees angu-39;
- izikhukhula;
- ubuhlungu obuhlangene nobuhlungu bomzimba;
- ukuvuvukala endaweni ehlangene;
- ukuvuvukala nokubomvu kwe-conjunctiva;
- impendulo ebukhali ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo.
Imiphumela yokutheleleka ngegciwane leZika
Ochwepheshe bathi emva kokutheleleka nge-Zik's fever, iziguli zilulame, imiphumela ebulalayo ihlelwe ezimweni ezihlukile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo eminye imithombo kuboniswa ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi abantu abanesifo somkhuhlane banenkinga yezinzwa. Kodwa ochwepheshe abayingozi kakhulu bacabangela ukuvela kwezimpawu zokutheleleka ngegciwane leZik kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, ngenxa yokuthi ukutheleleka ukuvela kwezinsana ezine microcephaly - i-pathology eholela ekunciphiseni ubukhulu bobuchopho kanye negazi. Njengamanje, azikho izindlela zokuvimbela ukudluliselwa kwe-intrauterine kokutheleleka.
Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka nge-fe fever
Kuze kube manje, izindlela zokuvimbela ngokuqondile i-Zik fever azange zenziwe.
Izindlela ezivamile zokuvimbela ikakhulukazi ziphathelene nabavakashi abavakashela amazwe ashisayo. Phakathi kwezindlela zokuvikela ekuthelelekeni nge-mala fever (njengoba, ngempela, kwezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo, isici sezishisayo nama-subtropics):
- amanetha ommiyane kanye nezikrini kumafasitela kanye neminyango eya endlini;
- sigqoke izingubo ezivikela umzimba ekubheni izinambuzane;
- ukusetshenziswa kwama-repellents;
- ukuqedwa kwezindawo zokuzala okusebenzayo kwezinyosi (lezi yizinto lapho amanzi eqongelela khona futhi ehluma - amabhakede, izimbiza zezimbali, njll).
Ngesikhathi kuqhuma umkhuhlane, iziphathimandla zendawo kufanele zisingathe izidumbu ezinkulu zamanzi nezendawo ezikuyo
Ngenxa yengozi ekhethekile yokutheleleka ngegciwane labesifazane abakhulelwe, akukhuthazwa ukuba bahambe emazweni angase abe yingozi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izigaba zezivakashi ezibuya ezivakashini eziya emazweni anomoya omswakama, ezishisayo, kuyadingeka ukuqapha impilo yabo emasontweni okuqala ngemva kokubuya kwawo, ngakho-ke lapho izibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo kufanele zifune usizo ngokushesha ezigulini ezithathelwanayo.