I-bronchodilators yizidakamizwa eziqeda i-bronchospasm, ezithinta ithoni lezinhlanzi ezinobuthi kanye nezixhumanisi ezihlukahlukene zomthethonqubo wazo. Zisetshenziswa ekwelapheni izifo ezihlukahlukene ezenzeka ngezimo zesithiyo esithinta isisu: i-apnea yezingane ezisanda kuzalwa, i-emphysema yamaphaphu, i-bronchitis enamandla noma engavamile yokuphefumula kanye nesifo se-asthma esine-bronchial. Ama-bronchodilators ahlukaniswe yizinhlobo eziningana.
Izidakamizwa ze-adrenomimetic ezivela eqenjini lama-bronchodilators
I-Adrenomimetics yizidakamizwa ezingasheshe zivimbe ukuhlaselwa kwesifo. Zakhiwa ngokuyinhloko ngendlela yama-aerosol. Uhlu lwe-bronchodilators laleli qembu lihlanganisa izidakamizwa ezifana nalezi:
- I-hexoprenaline - ihlanza i -bronchi, iphumule imisipha ebushelelezi. Ngokuhlaselwa okude kokuphelelwa amandla noma ukungasebenzi ngokwanele kwefomu lokungafaki, ungasebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa, ukujova ngaphakathi.
- I-Salbutamol yisidakamizwa eside esisebenza. Umphumela wayo we-bronchodilator ungenxa yokuphumula okusheshayo kwemisipha ebushelelezi ye-bronchi. Emva kokusebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa, imiphumela emibi ingase ibe khona: ikhanda elibi, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza. Ukuphikisana okungekho emthethweni uSalbutamol akusho.
- I-Terbutaline - inomthelela we-bronchodilator futhi isetshenziswe ngempumelelo ekwelapheni izifo ezihlukahlukene zamaphaphu ezingapheli ngokunciphisa ukukhanya kwe-bronchi. Ngemuva kwe-inhalation yesidakamizwa, umphumela wayo uqala ngemva kwemizuzu emi-5-10.
- I-formoterol - yendawo yenza izenzo ze-bronchi, okwenza ukuba i-bronchodilation imizuzu engu-5-10. Kungasetshenziswa kokubili ukwelashwa kwe- bronchospasm , nokuvikela kwayo.
Ama-ant-blocking agents avela eqenjini lama-bronchodilators
I-Cholinolytics yilungiselelo leqembu le-bronchodilator, elinomsebenzi we-spasmolytic. Zisetshenziselwa ukuphatha izifo ezihlukahlukene ezihambisane nezigaxa zezinsipho ezibushelelezi. Ukunakekela kufanele kuthathwe uma usebenzisa ama-anticholinergic agents, ngoba ngisho nokudlula okuncane kungabangela:
- umlomo owomile kakhulu;
- i-tachycardia;
- ukwephula indawo yokuhlala.
Enye ye-bronchodilators ephumelela kakhulu kuleli qembu yizidakamizwa nge-trententhol (amagama amadakamizwa yi-Trententhol ne-Truvent). Baziphumuza ngokoqobo imisipha ye-bronchi ngemizuzwana embalwa, kuqeda i-bronchospasm, kodwa ngeke isetshenziswe iziguli ezinokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kanye nanoma yisiphi isifo sokuvimbela isisu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangena ngaphakathi kwe-placenta futhi bangene ubisi lwebele, ngakho-ke abakwazi ukuthathwa ngabesifazane nabesifazane abakhulelwe ngesikhathi se-lactation.
I-bronchodilators yesenzo se-myotropic
Ama-bronchodilators wezenzo ze-myotropi kukhona amalungiselelo avela ku-xanthine. Bajabulela isimiso sezinzwa zomphakathi futhi bakhulise ukuvumelanisa okungafaneleki kwemisipha ye-diaphragm. Zibekiwe ngokuyinhloko ukwelashwa kwesifo sokuphefumula kwesifo sofuba kanye nokuvimbela ukuhlaselwa kwe-bronchospasm.
Uhlu lwe-bronchodilator yesenzo se-myotropic luhlanganisa nemithi enjengale:
- I-Euphyllinum - uma ingenisa ithukusa kakhulu isisu, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa njengesixazululo somjovo we-intramuscular. Umphumela we-bronchodilating ubonakala ngaphakathi kweminithi engu-10 futhi uhlala ngaphezu kwamahora angu-2. Uma ufaka isisombululo ngokulandelana, ubude besenzo bungahlukana kancane.
- I-Diprofylline - iyatholakala ngesimo sesisombululo sejojo kanye ne-suppositories. Ukuze kuvikelwe i-bronchospasm, ingasetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa ngezifomu ezimbili, isibonelo, ntambama uthathe amaphilisi, futhi ebusuku ubeke amakhandlela.
- Theophylline - lapho kuthathwa ngomlomo ngokushesha. Umphumela we-bronchodilating ubonakala ngemuva kwemizuzu engaba ngu-30, futhi uhlala amahora angaphezu kwama-3. Ngendlela ye-suppositories yama-rectal, i-bronchodilation ingenzeka ngaphambili, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ingozi yokudlula izidakamizwa ikhula ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ama-bronchodilators we-myotropic action angabangela ukuzondeka, i-tachycardia nokudonsa okubukhali ekucindezeni kwegazi.