I-Diphtheria - izimpawu

Ukudluliselwa ezimweni eziningi ngamaconsi amancane, ngaphandle kwamafomu ahlukaniswe, angatholakala ngegciwane lokuxhumana. Kukhona nokuqubuka kokudla kwesifo se-diphtheria, lapho amagciwane aqhutshwa khona ubisi, ama-confectionary creams kanye nemidiya efanayo. Phatha lesi sifo ngokuletha i-antitoxin ekhethekile ye-serum.

I-diphtheria agent causative

Lesi sifo sibhaktheriya emvelo futhi sibangelwa i-diphtheria bacillus (iCorynebacterium diphtheriae). Ama-bacterium e-Diphtheria abukeka (ngaphansi kwe-microscope) amancane, izintambo ezinamaphiko, 3-5 ubude nobubanzi kuya ku-0.3 micrometer. Ngenxa yobunqunu bokuhlukaniswa, amabhaktheriya avame ukuhlelwa ngendlela ye-V noma Y.

Amafomu nezimpawu ze-diphtheria

Isikhathi sokukhushulwa kwesifo sifinyelela ku-2 ukuya ku-7, ezimweni ezingavamile - kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-10. Endaweni yokubonakaliswa, i-diphtheria ye-oropharynx ihlukile (90-95% yazo zonke izifo zesifo), impumulo, indlela yokuphefumula, amehlo, isikhumba kanye nezitho zangasese. Uma izitho eziningana zithintekile, izinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi zihlangene. Futhi, lesi sifo sihlukaniswe ifomu - sendawo futhi sinobuthi, futhi sinamandla - ukukhanya, medium and heavy.

Izibonakaliso eziyinhloko ze-diphtheria yizi:

1. Ukushisa okuncane (isikhathi eside, ngaphakathi kwama-37-38 ° C).
2. Ubuthakathaka jikelele.
3. Ukuphuza komphimbo, kunzima ukugwinya.
4. Amathani amancane.
5. I-Edema yezicubu ezithambile entanyeni.
6. Ukwandiswa kwemithambo yegazi kanye ne-edema ye-mucosa yama-nasopharyngeal.
7. Ukwakhiwa kwesikhumba (ngokuvamile kuvamise - ezimhlophe futhi ezimpunga) njengesimo sefilimu, lapho isifo khona futhi sathola igama layo (i-diphtheria - kusukela kulesiGreki "diphthera" - ifilimu, isikhumba). Njengoba i-diphtheria ye-nasopharynx (evame kakhulu), ifilimu ihlanganisa ama-tonsils, kodwa ingasakazeka esibhakabhakeni, izindonga eziseceleni ze-pharynx, i-larynx.
8. Ukwanda kwe-lymph nodes yomlomo wesibeletho.

Ukugonywa

Ngenxa yokuthi i-diphtheria iyisifo esiyingozi, enezimo ezimbi ezingaholela ekufeni, ukugoma okujwayelekile njalo kwenziwa emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele ukuvimbela ukutheleleka nokusabalalisa. Ukugonywa okuvela ku-diphtheria kwenziwa ezinganeni ezineminyaka eyizinyanga ezintathu. Njengamanje, yingxenye yemigomo ehlanganisiwe, njenge-ADP, i-ADS-M (kusuka ku-diphtheria ne-tetanus) naku-DTP (kusuka ku-diphtheria, i-tetanus ne-pertussis).

Ukugoma kokuqala kwenziwa kathathu, ngekhefu lezinsuku ezingu-30-40. Esikhathini esizayo, umgomo kumele uphindwe njalo njalo eminyakeni eyishumi. Kukholelwa ukuthi ukugoma akunikezi isivikelo esingu-100% ekubhekaneni nokutheleleka, kodwa ingozi yesifo iyancishiswa ngokuphawulekayo, kanti iziguli ziyancipha.

Eminye imithi esetshenzisiwe, i-DTP inezinkambiso eziningi nemiphumela ebuhlungu ngenxa yezingxenye ze-pertussis. Lo mgomo unikezwa izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-7 ubudala. Amagciwane ASD kanye ne-ASD-M asetshenziselwa ukugoma izingane ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-7. Ukuphikisana nokugoma kungukuthi: ukutholakala kwanoma yiziphi izifo ezinesimo esibi, izifo ezingapheli esigabeni sesimo sokukhukhumazeka, ukuzivikela komzimba, ukuhlukunyezwa kokubeletha, ukusabela okungalungile kokugonywa kwangaphambili, ukutholakala kwengane noma amalungu omndeni wezifo zesifo noma ukuphazamiseka, izifo zesikhumba ezivuthayo, izifo zezinso kanye nezifo inhliziyo, ukwelashwa kunoma yiluphi uhlobo.

Izinkinga ze-diphtheria

1. Ukushaqeka okweshukela. Kungathuthuka nge-diphtheria enobuthi endaweni yesimo esibi. Kubonakala noma ngosuku oluyi-1-2 lwesifo, lapho izimpawu zesifo zisengaphansi, noma u-3-5, ekugqibeni kwesifo. Ngalesi sinkinga, izigulane ezinama-adrenal, isibindi kanye nenhliziyo zithinteke kakhulu. Ngokuthuthukiswa kokushaqeka okweshukela, iphesenti lokufa liphakeme.
2. I-myocarditis ukuvuvukala kwesisu senhliziyo (myocardium). Ukuthuthukiswa kwalenkinga kuncike ekungenikeni kwesifo, futhi kumafomu anobuthi angaphezu kwama-85% amacala ahlonishwayo.
3. I-polineuropathy ukuhlukunyezwa kwezinzwa zomzimba, okuholela ekuthuthukiseni i-paresis nokukhubazeka.
4. I-Asphyxia - ngenxa ye-edema ye-larynx.