I-echinococcosis, izimpawu zabantu kanye nokwelashwa kwalesi sifo zibhekisela ehhovisi lesigciwane esithathelwanayo nodokotela ohlinzayo. Lesi sifo kunzima ukuphatha ngemithi, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwenziwa ngokuhlinzwa, lapho odokotela bazama ukususa ama-cysts nge-parasite.
I-Echinococcosis - iyini kubantu?
I-echinococcosis ibhekisela ezifweni ezingavamile ezenzeka ezindaweni ezifuywayo. I-agent causative yalesi sifo i-echinococcus - isibungu esiphezulu. Ihlalisa izilwane ezilwane ezidliwayo. Izilwane zasemakhaya nezilwane zasendle, abantu bayisixhumanisi esiphakathi kanyekanye nalesi siphetho semvelo, ngoba asifihli amaqanda ama-parasite emvelweni.
I-echinococcus ingafinyelela ku-9 mm ngobude. It is a survivous high: it shintsha izinga lokushisa kusuka -30 ° C kuya + 30 ° C futhi angaphila izinyanga eziningana emhlabathini. Umzimba wezinambuzane unamashukela kanye nezinkogwe, ngendlela okuhlanganiswe ngayo ezindongeni zamathumbu. I-Ecosinococcus ingasakaza noma yimuphi umuthi, kodwa ngokuvamile iyakuthinta amaphaphu nesibindi. Umzimba uthola umonakalo omkhulu nge-echinococcosis kusuka kuma-cysts, okuphazamisa umsebenzi we-organ futhi kuholela ezinkingeni emsebenzini wezinye izitho nezinhlelo zomzimba. I-cyst ruptured ingaholela ekufeni komuntu.
Bathinteka kanjani nge-echinococcus?
Izibungu eziyinhloko ze-echinococcus izimpethu ziyizilwane ezidliwayo, kodwa izinja, amakati kanye nezilwane ezifuywayo nazo zingatheleleka ngalezi zinambuzane. Isilwane esithathelelekile sibeka amaqanda nezimpethu emhlabathini, lapho zifika khona ezitshalweni, imifino nemifino. Ukwelashwa nge-echinococcosis kwenzeka kokubili ngemifino engahlanjululwa, futhi ngokuxhumana ngokuqondile nesilwane esithathelelekile. Ngokuvamile, izingane zihlushwa i-echinococcosis, ngenxa yokuthi zivame ukuhlangana nezinja namakati futhi zikhohlwe ukugeza izandla.
I-Cycle Life ye-Echinococcus
Umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwe-echinococcus kuhlanganisa izigaba ezinjalo:
- Isibungu singena emzimbeni. Ngemuva kokuthi i-parasite ingena emathanjeni omzimba, iqala ukuhlakazeka ngaphansi kwethonya lama-gastric juices. I-larva evelayo igxila emathunjini, bese ithwala igazi emzimbeni. Ngokuvamile lixazulula esibindi noma kumaphaphu. Ezinye i-akhawunti yezitho ezingekho ngaphezu kwamacala angu-7 avela kwekhulu.
- Ibhola lesibhamu. Esigabeni sokugcina, i-parasite iqala ukwakha isisindo se-echinococcus, noma i-cyst. I-cyst ikhula kancane, ingeze ibe ngaphezu kuka-1 mm ngenyanga. Ngokuhamba kancane, i-bubble iphenduka ibhola elikhulu, icindezela ekupheleni kwezinzwa nemithambo yegazi. Ukukhula kwe-cyst kuhlotshaniswa nokuphindaphinda kwezimpungushe ngaphakathi.
Umphumela we-pathogenic we-echinococcus
Isibungu se-echinococus inqubo yokuphila kwayo sikhipha imikhiqizo ye-metabolism emzimbeni womuntu. Ukuqoqwa kwalezi zinto kuholela ekudakwa komzimba nokusebenza kwesibindi esingasebenzi kahle. Lapho i-echinococcosis iqala, izimpawu zomuntu nesimo somzimba sihambisana kakhulu nokubunjwa kwama-cysts agxila ezingxenyeni nasezinkingeni ekusebenzeni kwesibindi. Ukuphuka kwezilonda ze-cystic kuholela ekushusweni kwe-anaphylactic nokufa.
Echinococcus - izimpawu kubantu
Ngisho nalapho umzimba usuhlakulele i-echinococcosis izinyanga ezimbalwa, izimpawu kumuntu kungenzeka zingabonakali. Izimpawu ze-echinococcosis zixhomeke esigabeni sesifo:
- Isigaba esingenasimo. Ngemuva kokuba umuntu ene-echinococcosis yesifo, izimpawu zingabonakalisa kuphela ngemva kweminyaka embalwa. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, i-larva ithola indawo engapheli futhi iqala ukukhula.
- Isiteji semibonakaliso yemitholampilo. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kubonakala sengathi kutholakala, futhi umuntu uqala ukuzwa ubuhlungu endaweni yendawo yokwenza izibungu, ukuzithemba, ukunciphisa ukudla, isisindo sezinyosi. Ngezikhathi ezithile, kungase kube nokwanda kwezinga lokushisa libe ngu-37.5 ° C.
- Isigaba sezinkinga. I-cyst ruptured iholela ekubukeni kwe- peritonitis noma i- pleurisy . Ukususwa kwe-cyst kubangela ukubonakala komkhuhlane omkhulu nokudakwa ngokweqile.
I-echinococcosis yesibindi
Ezimweni ezingu-60-70%, i-echinococcus isendaweni yesibindi. Izinyanga eziningana ngisho neminyaka isiguli singase singazi ukuthi kukhona i-parasite emzimbeni. Ngesikhathi isiguli sithola ukuthi sinesifo se-lichinococcosis, izimpawu zizobizwa. Phakathi kwezibonakaliso zesifo kukhona:
- i-malaise jikelele;
- ukunciphisa ukudla, isisindo;
- isicasuli;
- ubuhlungu nobukhulu ku-hypochondrium kanye nasesiswini;
- ushintsho esitokisini.
Uma ungasusi i-cyst kulesi sigaba, ukukhishwa kwe-cyst kungaqala. Ukubonakala kwe-abscess kubangela ukuwohloka kwempilo yonke, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa, ubuhlungu esibindi. Ukucindezela i-bile duct ye-cyst kungaholela ekwakhiweni kwe- jaundice engumshini . I-cyst ruptured nge-fox echinococcosis igcwele ukuphendula okweqile, i-peritonitis ne-anaphylactic shock. Ukusakazwa kwe-cyst ngomzimba kuholela ekuthuthukiseni i-echinococcosis yesibili.
I-echinococcosis yamaphaphu
Lapho befunda i-echinococcosis, izimpawu zabantu kanye nokwelashwa kwesifo, odokotela babona ukuthi amacala angu-15 kuya ku-20% wegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ayenzeka emaphashini. Lolu hlobo lwesifo luyingozi kakhulu, ngoba kunzima ukuluphatha, lukhula ngokushesha futhi lukhuni. Ukuhlasela kwamangqamuzana kuvamile kumazwe anesimo sezulu eshisayo futhi kuthuthukiswa izinkomo. Nge-echinococcosis yamaphaphu, ama-cysts amaningana ane-single-enchambered shape akhiwa njalo.
I-echinococcosis yamaphaphu ingaba eyinhloko kanye neyesibili, ikhula ngenxa yokutheleleka kusuka enhlanganweni esemqoka ethintekile yi-echinococcus. Njengoba izicubu zamaphaphu zinesakhiwo esiqinile, i-cyst kuyo ingaba nezikhulu ezinkulu futhi iqukethe amalitha amaningana amanzi. Uma amaphaphu akha i-echinococcus, izimpawu ziyoba kanje:
- ubuhlungu esifubeni ;
- ukukhwehlela nge-sputum, enezivilini zegazi;
- ukuphefumula;
- izifo zokuphefumula, bronchospasm ;
- ukushaya, ukuhlukumeza;
- ikhanda, inselele.
Izinkinga ezivela e-lung echinococcosis ziyingozi kakhulu ekuphileni. Ukususwa kwe-cyst kuholela ekusungulweni kwe-abscess yalesi sitho. Uma i-cyst iqala ukungena ku-bronchi, isiguli sizohlaselwa ukukhwehlela ngokuxubha kanye ne-phlegm eningi. Ukuqhutshwa kwe-cyst emgodini wesikhala kuholela ku-pleurisy ne-pyopneumothorax, naku-pericardium kuya ku-tamponade yenhliziyo. I-cyst ruptured njalo ihambisana nengozi yokuphazamiseka kwe-anaphylactic.
I-echinococcosis yengqondo
I-ecinococcosis yobuchopho yisifo esingavamile, kubalwa cishe ngamaphesenti amathathu kuwo wonke amacala okutheleleka nge-echinococcus. I-echinococcosis yobuchopho ingahlanganiswa ne-lesion ye-parasitic yesibindi noma amaphaphu. Lesi sifo sibonakala njengendlela yokuthuthukiswa kwe-cyst, esendaweni enombala omhlophe we-frontal, occipital noma i-parietal lobes. Ama-cysts amaningi analolu hlobo lwesifo awavamile.
Uma umzimba uqala i-echinococcosis yobuchopho, izimpawu kubantu zingaba kanje:
- ikhanda;
- isiyezi;
- i-epiprids;
- izinkinga nge-psyche;
- i-paresis;
- umbono ongenakwenzeka;
- ukuwohloka kwamakhono okuqonda, ukuwohloka komqondo.
I-echinococcosis yezinso
I-echinococcosis yezinso isendaweni yesikhombisa phakathi kwazo zonke izimo zezilonda ze-echinococcal. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zalesi sifo: i-cyst eyodwa yamakamelo kanye namakamelo amaningi, kodwa ifomu lokuqala liqala kaningi. Ngokunyuka okuqinile kwe-cyst kungakwazi ukuxhuma nezitho ezingomakhelwane: ubilini, isibindi, isitha, isikhala. Ukususwa kwe-cyst ye-parasitic kungaholela ekuqhekekeni nasekuphumeni kwayo kokuqukethwe ngaphakathi kwezinso, okuholela ekubukeni kwenqubo yokuvuvukala emzimbeni.
Izimpawu ze-echinococcosis yezinso zingabonakalisa iminyaka eminingana ngemuva kokuthi i-parasite ifike emzimbeni. Uma umzimba uqala i-echinococcosis yezinso, izimpawu kubantu zingabonakala ngemuva kokuphela kwe-cyst noma ukwanda okuqinile kuyo. Lesi sifo singabonisa izimpawu ezinjalo:
- i-renal colic ;
- izinguquko kumchamo;
- ubuthakathaka jikelele;
- izimpawu zokudakwa.
I-ecinococcosis yenhliziyo
I-echinococcosis yenhliziyo ikhona ngo-0.2-2% wabantu abathintekayo yi-parasite ye-echinococcus. Isibungu singena esiswini senhliziyo ngegazi futhi sivame ukungena endaweni ye-ventricle kwesokunxele. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-cyst ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimpawu zesifo kubantu kungase kube iminyaka emihlanu. I-echinococcosis yenhliziyo, izimpawu zazo ezifana nesifo senhliziyo, zitholakala zinzima. Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-cyst kubangelwa isiguli lezi zimpawu:
- ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo, tachycardia;
- ubuhlungu esifundeni senhliziyo nomzwelo wokucindezela esifubeni;
- ukuphefumula;
- ukukhwehlela;
- i-cyanosis yamaphethelo.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-echinococcosis
Ukuxilongwa kwesikhashana nge-echinococcosis kunqanyelwe ukungabi khona kwezimpawu ekuqaleni kwesifo sokutheleleka kanye nokungabikho kwezimpawu ezithile. Lapho eqoqa umlando wezokwelapha isiguli, udokotela kufanele acabange ukuthi isiguli asihlobene yini nemfuyo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uxhumana nezilwane, ukuthi lesi sifo sivame kangakanani kule ndawo. Ukuqinisekisa noma ukususa ukuxilongwa, izindlela zokwelapha ziyasetshenziswa: i-blood biochemistry, ukuhlaziywa komchamo, ukuhlolwa kwe-sputum, ukuhlolwa kwe-Casoni yokungezwani komzimba kanye negazi le-echinococcus (ukusabela kwe-serological), okuthola ama-antibodies echinococcus.
Uma kunesidingo, ukuhlaziywa kwe-echinococcus kuhlanganiswa ngezindlela zokudlala:
- I-Ultrasound yesigxobo esiswini noma isitho esithile;
- CT noma i-MRI yobuchopho;
- i-X-ray nesifuba CT;
- I-Echo, i-coronary, i-ECG;
- ukuhlaziywa kwe-duodenal fluid;
- isibindi sesibindi;
- i-angiography ye-trunk celiac.
I-Echinococcosis - ukwelashwa
I-echinococcus i-parasite igxila futhi ikhula ngaphakathi kwesitho, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kwe-echinococcosis kunzima futhi kuvame ukuholela ekutheleleni okuphindaphindiwe. Ezokwelapha, kunezimo lapho i-eshinococcosis, izimpawu zomuntu kulesi sifo zinyamalalala, i-cyst ifa ngokwayo, kodwa lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu. Okwamanje kunendlela eyodwa ephumelelayo yokuphatha i-echinococcosis. Lena inqubo yokuhlinzwa. Ukwelashwa kwe-Anthelmintic ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa akunikezi imiphumela edingekayo, ngakho-ke kusetshenziselwa kuphela ukususwa kwe-cyst ye-parasitic.
Zonke izindlela zokwelashwa kwe-echinococcosis, ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa okuhlinzekwayo, ziyiqiniso futhi aziqinisekisi ngokwesayensi. Imithi yendabuko inikeza izindlela zayo zokulwa nama-parasite, kodwa okwehlukile ekuthuthukiseni ama-cystic formations kanye nesakhiwo sabo kuncishisa noma yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ngokuzimele. Uma kubonakala ukuthi i-echinococcus emzimbeni kufanele ngokushesha ivume ukususwa kwe-parasite emzimbeni. Uma kungenjalo, ungalinda ukuqhuma kwe-cyst, okuholela ekucindezelweni okukhulu nokufa.
I-Echinococcosis - izincomo
I-echinococcus parasite phakathi nomsebenzi wayo obalulekile idonsa umzimba ngemikhiqizo yemethamo. Lokhu kuthinta impilo yonke yesiguli kanye nomsebenzi wesibindi nobuchopho. Ngakho-ke, emva kokukhipha imishanguzo emzimbeni, kubalulekile ukubuyisela isilwane esithintekile kuphela, kodwa yonke imvelo.
Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, kutuswa ukuthi ulandele le mithetho:
- Ukudla kufanele kube ngokugcwele nangokulinganisela.
- Kubalulekile ukuthatha imithi yokwenza ngcono ukugeleza kwegazi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-metabolism ephakathi.
- Ukuzibandakanya emasikweni angokwenyama.
- Ukuhamba emoyeni omusha.
- Thatha izidakamizwa zokulwa nama-antiparasitic.
- Qaphela izilwane ukuze ungenwe yi-parasites entsha.
- Qaphela ngokucophelela imithetho yokuhlanzeka komuntu siqu.
I-Echinococcosis - izidakamizwa
Izifo ze-echinococcosis zibhekisela kwizifo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-parasitic. Esigungwini se-echinococcus, amalungiselelo ezemithi kanye nemithi yokwelapha wendabuko ayisebenzi neze. I-antiparasitic therapy yenziwa ngemuva kokukhishwa kwe-cyst. Kuhlanganisa izidakamizwa ezinjalo:
- Kusho izinqubo zokuphazamiseka kwezidakamizwa kuma-parasites: i- Albendazole, i-Mebendazol, i-Praziquantel.
- Kusho ukubangela ukukhubazeka ezindaweni eziphilayo : Pirantel, Levamisol, Nichlosamide.
I-Echoinococcus iyinhlangano yokusebenza
Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, kubalulekile ukuba udokotela asuse i-cyst egcwele kangangokuthi ayiqhumeki futhi okuqukethwe kwayo akusabalali kuwo wonke umzimba. Uma kungenjalo, izinkinga zokulandela emva kokuhlinzwa kanye nokutheleleka kwesibili nge-parasite kungenzeka. Uma kungekho ndlela yokukhipha yonke i-cyst, noma uma kwenzeka ikhulile ibe yilungu, ukuxolisa kwengxenye yelungu kwenziwa. Ama-cyst of usayizi omkhulu, okunzima ukukhipha, ukuhlakazeka emzimbeni, ukukhipha okuqukethwe, ukuwaphatha ngezixazululo zokulwa nesifo sofuba kanye ne-antiparasitic.
Ukuphumelela kokungenelela kokuhlinzeka kuncike kwinani lama-cysts aphikisayo, ubukhulu bawo, indawo, ukuxhumana nezinye izitho. Ukunzima ukukhishwa kwe-echinococcus ebuchosheni, ngoba kulokhu kungenzeka ukuthi ukulimaza izakhiwo zobuchopho. Ngamaphaphu amaningi echinococcus, odokotela bazama ukususa lawo ma-cysts afaka ama-tissu omzimba. Kulesi simo, kungenzeka ukuthi isikhathi eside sithole ukuphila komuntu, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba siphulukise ngokuphelele.
I-prophylaxis ye-echinococcosis
U-Echinococcus umuntu uhlolwe ngokujulile futhi angabangela ukufa. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kufanele kuthathwe ukunakekelwa ukuthi ungenwa yilesi sifo:
- Geza izandla ngaphambi kokudla.
- Lapho upheka, ukushisa inyama kakhulu.
- Hlela ngendlela efanele uhlelo lwezinja ezifuywayo.
- Ungabambezi izinja ezihlaselayo.
- Ungaphuzi amanzi emanzini emvelo.