Esinye sezifo ezivame kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele ezilwaneni nasebantwini yisifo sofuba . I-wand kaKoch iyisithunywa esibangela ukugula lesi sifo esiyingozi, isintu esilwa namakhulu eminyaka ambalwa. Ososayensi nodokotela baqala ukudala izidakamizwa ezintsha, kodwa abakwazi ukubhubhisa ibillillus.
Iyini umgudu we-bacterial Koch?
Abantu abaningi banesithakazelo embuzweni wokuthi yiliphi iqembu lama-bacteria elingu-Koch's wand? Kungokwemvelo ye-mycobacteria ye-pathogenic (i-actinobacteria). Isiyingozi kakhulu kubantu kukhona izinhlobo ezintathu: inkunzi, ephakathi kanye nabantu. Ama-microorganisms asesimweni se-reticuloendothelial yomzimba, abe negobolondo elincane elincane kanye nefomu elikhulu elingu-oblong, elifana ne-fungus.
I-wand kaKoch iyisifo esibangela isifo sofuba
Ithinta isifo sofuba senduku kaKoch nenani le-mycobacteria yalo elibonisa ukungazitholi. I-bacilli iwela ngaphakathi emzimbeni womuntu kusukela esemncane, kodwa lesi sifo asibonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalo kunomthelela oqinile:
- ukulungiswa kwefa;
- ukukhulelwa kwengculazi ;
- isimo esicindezelekile somuntu njalo njalo.
Indlela yokubulala umshikashi kaKoch?
Le-bacillus, ngenxa yegobolondo yangaphandle elinezingqimba ezintathu, ibhekwa njengezinzile, ngakho-ke akulula ukuyibulala. Angaphila ebusweni bezingubo kanye nezinto ngezinyanga ezimbalwa. Ukuqeda ukukhishwa kwenduku kaKoch kwenziwa ngosizo lwamakhemikhali ane-chlorine (amahora angu-5), i-hydrogen peroxide, i-ultraviolet irradiation kanye nelanga eliqondile (cishe amahora amabili).
Uhambo lukaKoch luhlala isikhathi esingakanani?
I-bacterium inekhono eliyingqayizivele lokuphikelela esimeni esingenakuzulazula isimo seminyaka eminingana. Ibekezelela kalula ukushisa nokubandayo, umswakama okweqile nokomisa. Ukuphendula umbuzo: bangaki abaphila be-Koch's wand ekamelweni, singasho ukuthi endaweni efudumele nelomile kuyohlala iminyaka engama-7. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, i-bacillus iyasebenza:
- emanzini - iminyaka engu-15;
- ezincwadini - izinyanga ezintathu;
- emhlabathini - izinyanga eziyisithupha;
- emanzini - izinyanga ezingu-5;
- othulini lomgwaqo - izinyanga ezimbili;
- ebisi elingapheli - amasonto amabili;
- ushizi namafutha - unyaka ongu-1.
Ifa likaKoch lifa kanjani?
Ukusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuvimbela, abantu abaningi bazibuza: Ngabe izinga lokushisa lithini likaKoch? Le bacillus iyaphila uma isilimo sishisa:
- kufika ku ° 60 ° - cishe ihora;
- ngo-70 ° C - imizuzu engama-40;
- ekubileni - kufika ku-25 min.
I-wand kaKoch isakazwa kanjani?
Ukuzama ukuzivikela kanye nabathandekayo babo esifweni sesifo sofuba, abantu banesithakazelo sokuthi isanduli sikaKoch sisakazeka kanjani. Idluliselwa ngamaconsi aphuma emoyeni: ngesikhatsi ingxoxo, ukunyundela, ukukhwehlela. Ama-bacterium asulelekile angenwa igciwane ngokudla okungalungile. Kulesi simo, izingane zingakwazi ukubamba i-bacillus, ngoba iziguli isikhathi eside azizi ngenkinga yazo.
Abantu abangaba ngu-100 abagulayo bayagula cishe amahlanu. Bonke abanye bazoqhubeka nokuphila ngokuthula, uma kungekho buthakathaka kwezakhiwo zokuzivikela zomzimba. I-wand kaKoch ingaqala ukukhula ngokushesha futhi ithuthukise ezimweni ezilandelayo:
- ngokungalingani noma ukungondleki (ukudla okusemathinini, imibala yokudla);
- ekuhlukunyezweni kwezidakamizwa nokuphuza utshwala;
- ezimweni ezingenakulungele zokuhlala nabantu;
- lapho ukubhema;
- nokusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotics okukhathazayo;
- nezifo ezifana ne-AIDS, isifo sikashukela, izilonda, isifo sokuphefumula kwesifo sofuba nokunye okunjalo.
Isikhathi sokukhushulwa kukaKoch
Isikhathi, kusukela ngesikhathi sokungena emzimbeni we-mycobacteria nangaphambi kokuqala kwezibonakaliso zokuqala, kubizwa ngokuthi yisikhathi sokukhushulwa. Lesi sigaba singahlala ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya ngonyaka. Induku kaKoch - i-causative agent ye-TB isukela kuqala ekuphefumuleni futhi incike esimweni sesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. Okunye okunye ongakhetha kukho kungenzeka:
- Emzimbeni womuntu onempilo onomkhuhlane oqinile, i-bacillus iyaphela, futhi izinsalela ezivela kubhethri evuselelwe zikhishwa ngaphakathi kwendawo yangaphakathi. Lesi sifo ngeke siqhubeke kulokhu.
- Esikhathini samasosha omzimba obuthakathaka, i-mycobacterium ngeke ibole. Lokhu, kanye negazi, kungena emaphashini, emathunjini, izinso, amathambo, kanye nokugxila kwalesi sifo.
Ngemuva kwalokhu, isikhathi sokukhushulwa siphela futhi umuntu uzizwa izimpawu zokuqala zesifo. Lesi sikhathi kungaba nzima kakhulu ukunquma, kusukela ukuqala kokuthuthukiswa nokukhula kwentonga kaKoch kufana kakhulu nezibonakaliso zokutheleleka kwesandulela ngculaza noma ukudakwa. Esigabeni sokuqala, akukho-bacilli akhululwa emzimbeni angena emvelweni. Isivivinyo seMantoux ngalesi sikhathi sibonisa umphumela omubi.
I-Koch's Wand - Izimpawu
Isifo sofuba singase sihlale isikhathi eside singenazo izimpawu, futhi sitholakale ngemuva kwe-fluorography. Isaziso sochwepheshe sishintsha noma ukubonakala kwamachashazi esithombeni sesifuba. I-wand yaKoch ibangela emzimbeni womuntu izimpawu zokuqala:
- ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso;
- ukuwohloka kokulala;
- ukuxhuma;
- ukuthuthumela ;
- ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esibukhali;
- ukwanda kokushisa komzimba kuya kuma-37.5 degrees;
- i-blanching yesikhumba.
Ngokwezibalo, cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zomphakathi emhlabeni emhlabeni uthola igciwane le-bacterium Koch, kodwa ayikwazi ukuthelela abanye. Lolu uhlobo oluvaliwe lwesifo sofuba kanti kungenzeka ukuthi lesi sifo sizoqala ukuthuthukisa kuphela 10% kuphela. Ezingozini kukhona:
- izingane ezineminyaka emibili kuya kwemi-3;
- abafuduki nababaleki;
- abantu abakhonza isikhathi endaweni yokulahla inkululeko;
- abantu abangenalo indawo yokuhlala yokuhlala eqondile.
Esikhathini esilandelayo sezinga lesifo sofuba - ifomu elivulekile, amabhaktheriya aqala ukuthuthukisa umzimba. Lesi sigaba sithinteka kakhulu futhi sibonakala ngendlela:
- ukuphefumula;
- isiyezi;
- ukukhwehlela kuhambisane ne-sputum futhi ngaphandle kwayo;
- ubuhlungu esifubeni esimweni sokuzola nokukhwehlela;
- ukubukeka ku-sputum yegazi.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Koch Wand
Ukuhlola ukuthi kukhona yini induku kaKoch emzimbeni womuntu, i-bacterium ebangela lesi sifo kufanele ibe ochwepheshe. Indlela eyinhloko yokuxilongwa yinkinga ephelele yokuhlola:
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nokwelashwa kwegazi ;
- i-microbiological kanye ne-urinalysis jikelele;
- I-X-ray, eyenziwe ngezilinganiso ezintathu;
- ukuhlolwa kwe-microbiological of sputum kanye nanoma yiziphi izimfihlo;
- i-enzyme immunoassay;
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Mantoux noma kwe-Pirke.
Kwezinye izimo, ukuze uqinisekise noma uphika ukuxilongwa, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwenziwa:
- ukukhishwa kwesibindi;
- i-biopsy;
- i-bronchoscopy;
- ukuhlolwa kwe-serological kwe-sputum negazi;
- imaging resonance magnetic noma tomography computed.
Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa kuqala ngumhlengikazi we-polyclinic, bese kuthi uma kudingeka, uthumela isifo sofuba ku-pulmonologist noma i-phthisiatrist. Uma umuntu egula, ke ekuhlaziyeni kwakhe kuyoba:
- inani elengeziwe le-ESR, elingaphezu kwama-60 mm ngehora, ngesilinganiso se-10;
- inamba ephakeme ye-leukocyte kanye noshintsho esimweni sabo;
- isilinganiso esiphakathi kwezingxenye ze-neutrophils ezihlukanisiwe kanye nokugwaza;
- i-hemoglobin ihlala emingceleni evamile.
Ukwelashwa kwemilenze kaKoch
Uhlobo oluthambile lwesifo sofuba luphathwa nge-antibiotic ekhethekile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi induku kaKoch ishesha kakhulu ivumelanisa nezidakamizwa futhi iqala ukumelana nayo. I-Mycobacterium phakathi nokuphila kwayo ingakhipha izinto ezinobuthi ezinomthelela omubi ekuzivikelweni kwamaselula kanye nokuhlambalaza kanye nezitho ezinobuthi nezicubu emzimbeni womuntu.
I-wand yaKoch-isifo esasifunde ukubhekana nayo, isiguli sishiwo izidakamizwa ezine eziyisisekelo futhi sizenzele ngemithi engasiza. Isibonelo, i-sorbent enjalo yemvelo, njenge-Polysorb, ibopha imikhiqizo emizimbeni emzimbeni ngosizo lwe-silicon dioxide futhi isiza ukuyikhipha, futhi iphinde ithuthukise isenzo semithi esemqoka.
Ezimweni ezimbi, odokotela basebenzisa ukwelashwa okulondolozayo, ukululama nokulondoloza umzimba, okubandakanya:
- i-chemotherapy:
- Ukuzivocavoca;
- ukudla okunomsoco;
- i-vitamin therapy;
- i-physiotherapy;
- inkambo yezidakamizwa ezinzima okumelwe kuthathwe ngesikhathi esithile futhi ngesilinganiso esicacile.
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukungenelela okuhlinzekwayo kusetshenziswa, lapho indawo ethintekile, ingxenye yamaphaphu noma isililo isusiwe. Uma uketshezi kuqoqa emgodleni, lochwepheshe usenza i-puncture bese uyipompela. Ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile kwesiguli nazo zonke izinkomba, isifo sofuba siyaphulukiswa, futhi uma kunjalo, lesi sifo siqala futhi siphele ngomphumela obulalayo.