Ekuhunyushweni okuvela kulesiGreki, i-archetype "yomboniso". Inkolelo ye-archetypes yenziwa ngumfundi weZ Z. Freud Karl Gustav Jung omkhulu. Wabuye wavuselela i-psychoanalysis futhi ngenxa yalokho kwavela imibono eyinkimbinkimbi yonke, ngokusekelwe kwefilosofi, kwengqondo, izincwadi, izinganekwane nezinye izici zolwazi. Uyini umqondo we-archetype - kulesi sihloko.
I-Archetype - iyini?
Kuqondwa njengezinhlaka zomuntu ezingokoqobo zokuzalwa, ezikhomba izidingo zomuntu, imizwa yakhe, imicabango yakhe nokuziphatha kwakhe. I-Archetype iyinhlangano engazi lutho , izuzwe okhokho ngokusebenzisa i-folklore. Wonke umuntu ukhetha umlingani wakhe ngokuhambisana ne-archetype yakhe, uyayithanda, ukhulisa abantwana, njll. Ukuba nomqondo walesi simo esingenasithunzi sobuntu, lo mchwepheshe angasiza umuntu ukuba aqede izinkimbinkimbi ngisho nokushintsha isimo sokuphila kwakhe.
I-Archetypes ye-Jung
Phakathi kwama-archetypes, izingxenye ezihamba phambili zengqondo, kanye nemifanekiso yamangqamuzana engumkhiqizo wokuqonda kwangaphambili, kukhona ukuxhumana okuqondile. Okokuqala, umbhali wenza isifaniso, ngakho-ke ungubani, wabe eseveza umqondo wokuthi omunye udala omunye. I-archetypes yaseJung iyingxenye yomphakathi wonke futhi ifa. Izithombe ezithokozelayo zigxile ekujuleni kokujulile, ngaphesheya kwemingcele yobuntu.
Ukuceba nokucaca kwabo ngokomzwelo kunquma amathalenta omuntu, amandla akhe okudala. Emisebenzini yakhe, i-Jung igxila ekuhlaziyweni kwezinganekwane zomhlaba wonke. Kamuva, usebenzisa i-archetype yokuchaza ukuthi i-motif eyinhloko (i-mythlogical) motifs ehambisana nhlobo noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesakhiwo. Indawo ekhethekile kwisistimu yakhe yemfundiso yabelwa "imaski", "anime", "isithunzi", "self". Abaningi babonwa ngumlobi abanamaqhawe emisebenzi yokubhala. "Umthunzi" yiMephistopheles Goethe ku "Faust", "Indoda endala ehlakaniphile" yiZarathushtra e-Nietzsche.
I-Archetype yabahlakaniphile
Ubizwa nangokuthi ungumcabangi, okuyiwona ongokomoya obaluleke ngaphezu kokubaluleka. I-sage ithulile futhi iqoqwe, igxile. Kuye, ukucabangela nokulula kubalulekile. I-Archetypes yobuntu inebala elithile lombala, ngakho-ke indoda ehlakaniphile lezi ziyi-achromatic, imibala engenambala. Abafilosofi abangaphandle bangase babonakale banda futhi bengahlangani, kodwa lokhu akunjalo. Kulula nje ukukhetha izingxoxo ezingenasisekelo nemisebenzi yokuzijabulisa, ukucinga iqiniso. Bahlale bezama, bafunde okuthile okusha, badale futhi ngeseluleko sabo esihlakaniphile basize wonke umuntu.
I-Archetype Animus
Lokhu kungenye ye-archetypes yobulili-ingxenye yesifazane yengqondo yomuntu. Lo mbono weJungian uveza imizwa, imizwa nemicabango yomuntu, imizwelo yakhe. Kuwo wonke ukuthambekela kwengqondo wesifazane kugxilwe kakhulu - ukuguquka kwemizwelo ngokushesha, ukuthonya okungokwesiprofetho, ikhono lokuthandana kanye nokuphila konke. UJung uthe mayelana ne-anime njengokulungele ukugxuma. Eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule, amadoda, ecashunwe yi-anime, abizwa ngokuthi i-animatous. Lawa angamathukutheli, aphefumulelwe futhi awakhulisa kalula abantu abanobulili obunamandla, i-psyche yayo ephendula ekuthuthukiseni amandla ayo.
I-Archetype Animus
I-archaetype yesibili yobulili yingxenye yesilisa yenkinga yowesifazane. Le-archetype yeJung ikhiqiza umbono, kuyilapho izithombe zimoya. Ngokuvamile, izinkolelo eziqinile zabesifazane aziqinisekisi ngokuqondile, kodwa uma enqume into ethize ... I-animus enhle ibangela ukuqonda komfazi, ukuzibophezela kwakhe kuzo zonke izinkolelo. Futhi i-negative ingayishukumisela kwisenzo esingenandaba. Le-archtype ikhona ebuhleni obuningi obusondelene nalo wesifazane. Futhi uma owesifazane owedlula ummeli wesifo obuthakathaka ebukeka, unamandla kakhulu kuwo.
Lezi zinsuku zingathatha imisebenzi kanye nonembeza ohlangene. Imibono ye-animus ihlale ihlangene futhi imile ngaphezu kwezigwebo zomuntu ngamunye. Lolu hlobo "lwekhalenda yezokwehlulela" le-archetype yi-personification ye-animus. Yena kanye nomguqukisi, ngaphansi kokuthonya owesifazane obeka amagama angajwayelekile engqondweni yakhe, usebenzisa izinkulumo "aziwayo", "ngakho-ke yenza konke", ukudweba ulwazi oluvela ezincwadini, uzwe izingxoxo, njll. Ukucabanga kwakhe kwengqondo kungashintsha kalula.
I-Archetype ye-Self
UJung wayebhekwa njengomuntu oyinhloko ye-archetype - i-archtype yobuqotho buntu, okugxilwe kuyo. Ihlanganisa ukuqonda nokungazi, normalizing ibhalansi yezinto eziphikisayo ze-psyche. Ukuthola ama-archetypes omuntu nokuhlola ezinye izakhiwo zobuntu, uJung wathola lo muntu oyedwa, ebheka konke okubandakanya. Kuwuphawu lokulingana okunamandla nesivumelwano sokuphikisa. Ukuzibonakalisa kungabonakalisa emaphupho njengesithombe esingenasidingo. Kubantu abaningi, akakhiwa futhi abazi lutho ngakho.
I-Shadow Archetype
UJung umbiza ngokuthi "anti-I". Lezi yizo zimpawu zobuntu umuntu angazi futhi angafuni ukubona. I-archetype yomthunzi ngokusho kweJung iyinhlanganiso ebumnyama, engalungile, yezilwane yobuntu, okuyinto umthengisi ecindezelayo. Lokhu kuphazamisa izintshisekelo ezingamukeleki nemicabango, izenzo ezinonya. Lesi sibonelo sine-archetype: uma umsebenzi oqhamukayo umuntu oyisimo senhliziyo esondelene nemizwelo eqinile, khona-ke isithunzi sakhe siyoba uhlobo lokucabanga ukuthi umzuzwana ongalindelekile ungabonakalisa njengedemoni ngaphandle kwebhokisi le-snuffbox.
Isithunzi sikhula njengoba umuntu ekhula futhi eyazi, wonke umuntu uqala ukuqonda ngaye ngokunciphisa impilo yakhe. Ukubhekana nesithunzi kungenziwa ngokuvuma ngabanye futhi ngaleyo ndlela amaKatolika anenhlanhla, ekuvuma ukuthi kukhona into enjalo. Wonke umuntu kufanele aqonde futhi aqonde ukuthi kunoma yisiphi isikhathi esilungele ukuziphatha okubi nezifiso.
Umuntu we-Archetype
Ngamazwi alula, kuyisisindo umuntu agqoka ukuyenza indima ethile. Izinhlobo ze-archetypes zihlukanisa umuntu njengengxenye yengqondo, ebheke ngaphandle futhi ekhonza imisebenzi yokuzivumelanisa. I-mask ibonakala ngokuqoqa, ngakho-ke kuyisici se-psyche ehlangene. Lo muntu wenza njengokungqubuzana okuthile phakathi komuntu nomphakathi. Ukufaka i-mask, umuntu kulula ukuxhumana nabanye. Labo abangazange bahlakulele umuntu kuthiwa bangabantu abangenandaba nabantu. Kodwa isimo esingaphambene naso asifisi, ngoba sichitha umuntu ngamunye.
I-Archetype uNkulunkulu
Umlandeli wemfundiso yeJungian nguGene Shinoda Bohlen, owafunda ama-archetypes abesifazane nabesilisa emlandweni. Emifanekisweni yama-archtypal yamadoda athiwa yiNkulunkulu olandelayo:
- Zeus - enamandla kakhulu futhi enamandla, ozizethemba .
- IHayidese - ethule futhi engaqondakali, ixhunyiwe.
- I-Apollo - evuthiwe futhi enengqondo, enobuhlakani.
- UHephaestus usebenza kanzima futhi unamandla.
- I-Dionysus - igxilile futhi ayinakuphikisana.
Izinhlobo ze-archetypes ngokukaJung phakathi kwabesifazane-oNkulunkulu:
- U-Arthemisi unamandla futhi unengozi. Akakubekezeli imikhawulo.
- U-Athena uhlakaniphile futhi uthanda ngamandla, okwazi ukulahla imizwelo nokuhlaziya amaqiniso kuphela.
- I-Aphrodite yimizimba futhi ithenda.
- I-Tyuf - ephikisanayo, ezama ukuzamukela kakhulu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ayikwazi ukunikeza imiphumela yezenzo zabo.
- I-Hecate i-hoaxer enkulu. Labo abathintekayo kuloluhlobo bavame ukwenza imikhuba yokusebenzelana nemimoya.
Umuntu ngamunye uhlanganisa ama-archetypes amabili noma amathathu noma ngaphezulu. Bakha ukuncintisana omunye nomunye, banqoba omunye komunye, belawula inkampani yenethiwekhi yabo, banquma ubuningi bezintshisekelo zabo, isiqondiso somsebenzi wabo, ukunamathela kwabo emibonweni ethile. Laba Nkulunkulu bangamaphethini okuziphatha, kodwa okuningi kuzokuxhomeka ekukhuliseni, ikhono lomuntu lokuzivumelanisa, ukuhlangabezana nokuhlangabezana nokulindela kwabanye.
UJung ungumculi we-archetype
Lokhu kubi kwezinto zonke nokuqala kwazo zonke izinto. Lezi zici ze-psychology zihlukanisa ngokukhethekile, ngoba kunoma iyiphi inqubo ye-psychotherapeutic, lesi sibalo siphumelele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingazibonakalisa njengento futhi umphathi wayo uyoba nezinkinga ekubhekaneni nezinto. Uma i-archetype ithinta izibopho zomndeni nezenhlalakahle, khona-ke noma yikuphi ukuphulwa kwalesi sici kuzozibonakalisa ebunzima bokuzivumelanisa, ukuxhumana. I-phenomenon yesithathu yokugcina yesibeletho inquma ikhono lomthwali wokukhulelwa, ukubeletha nokubeletha, noma ithuba lokuqeda umsebenzi.
I-Archetype Yengane
Le-archetype in psychology ibizwa ngokuthi i-Divine. Futhi konke ngoba iqukethe wonke amandla omoya, amandla onke emvelo kanye neqoqo alinakuqonda. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingane engakwazi ukuvikela ingabhubhisa noma ubani, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibonakala ngamandla amakhulu. Ukuqaphela umthengisi kungabhidlika yizinhlobonhlobo eziphikisanayo, kepha i-archetype ekhanyayo yengane iyabahlanganisa.
I-archtype yama-Witch nguJung
Lesi yisibonelo esivamile kakhulu, esibonisa isidingo sokwazi nolwazi. Owesifazane onjalo angase abe nesithakazelo emfihlakalweni yokuba, inkolo kanye ne-esotericism. Uzizungezile ngezintelezi, athatha izinkolelo futhi ngokuvamile anezithombe. Kwababathwali be-archetype enjalo, intuition ethuthukisiwe kakhulu isici. Izibonelo ze-Jung archetypes zifaka uMary Poppins. Lesi sibonelo saboniswa ebhayisikobho "Muse". Ngakho abiza uhlangothi olukhanyayo loloyi. Uhlangothi olumnyama lubonakala ekukhoneni nasekukhenizeni, ubuqili, ukuqondisa, ukuvusa isifiso.
I-archetype ye-jester yi-Jung
Lokhu kuyi-archetype yokucabanga yokudala, ethi unombono ongavumelani wezinto. Umbono we-archetypes uhlanganisa eziningi ze-prototypes, kodwa lokhu kuphela kusifundisa ukuba siphathe kalula impilo ngaphandle kokucabanga ngalokho abanye abakucabangayo. Fool njengendlela ray ukukhanya ngokungenangqondo emhlabeni wanamuhla kanye isimiso esingenasici kwansuku zonke bureaucratic. Uletha ukungezwani ezweni elihlelekile futhi kwenza iphupho ligcwaliseke. Kubonakala ngokuzikhandla nokuzikhethela, ukudlala, okuyinto umuntu angakwazi ukukhokhela kuphela ebuntwaneni.
I-Archetype yesiwula isisiza abantu ukuba baphume emanzini, baphume ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu. Zivulekile futhi zinobuhlobo, futhi ziyakwazi ukuguqula ngisho nomsebenzi onzima kakhulu futhi ube yinto enesibindi ekusebenzeni kokudala, ukuletha ukuthinta nokujabulisa. Isibonelo esibangekayo nguSemyon Semyonovich kule filimu "I-Diamond Arm". UCharlie Chaplin nentombazane enhle kakhulu uTosya evela kumabhayisikobho "Amantombazane" nawo abamele abamhlophe be-jester.