Abekho abantu emhlabeni abangenasabe lutho. Wonke umuntu empilweni yakhe wabhekana nokukhathazeka kwangaphakathi futhi okungaphezu kwesisodwa. Kodwa isimo sesimo esibi kunazo zonke asicaci kuwo wonke umuntu. Abantu bazibuza: yini ukwesaba nokuthi ungabona kanjani izimbangela zayo. Futhi zama ukuqonda ukuthi ungabhubhisa kanjani izimo ezicindezelayo ezibangelwa ukwesaba izinto ezithile.
Psychology of fear
Emakhulwini eminyaka, ukuzwa ukwesaba kubangela ukudideka kubantu. Ukunakekelwa okuningi kwakhokhelwa inkinga kokubili inkolo nefilosofi, abadwebi nabadwebi bazama ukuhlola isimo. Ngokufika kwengqondo kwengxenye yekhulu le-19, lo mkhuba waqala ukubheka ngokwesayensi. Ukwesaba kwakubizwa ngokuthi isimo sangaphakathi, ngenxa yesimo sengqondo sangempela noma esengqondweni. Uma umuntu ebona isimo sinobungozi, umzimba unikeza isignali. Ubudlelwane nezwe langaphandle ne-phobias bodwa, futhi ochwepheshe bakhuluma ngamakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zabo.
Zuza kanye nokulimala kokwesaba
Izazi zengqondo zithi: nakuba umzwelo wesaba unemibala embi, ngezinga elincane lingasiza. Futhi ngokujwayelekile ukuba nesaba nama-phobias - kuvamile. Lokhu akusho ukuthi wonke umuntu obhekene nokwesaba okungenakunqotshwa kokuthile kufanele aphile impilo yakhe yonke ngokwesaba. Uma i-phobia iba yinkinga, kufanele ilwe, kepha ukubhubhisa noma yikuphi ukubonakaliswa kokwesaba kusho ukulwa nomvelo. Ngokomlando, ukwesaba ukungaqiniseki kuvikelwe abantu ezivela ezingeni ezimbi zangaphandle.
Kuyini ukwesaba okuwusizo?
Ukusetshenziswa kokwesaba kuhlanganisa umsebenzi walo oyinhloko: ukuvikela umuntu engozini (ngamanye amagama, ukufaka isimo sokuzivikela ). Ekuboneni kokuqala lo mzwelo awunamsebenzi, kodwa kwavela enkambweni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ukuvikela umuntu ezinkingeni ezizungezile, izici zangaphandle kanye nezinsongo. Izimo ezilandelayo zingabizwa uma ukwesaba kuyasiza:
- Ukwesaba ukuphakama kusindisa ekuweni. Amanzi - kusukela ekungeneni kwesiphepho. Ubumnyama - ukuhlangana nabaphangi nabadlwenguli epaki lokuhlwa.
- Ukwesaba okungaziwa kanye ne-flair yangaphakathi kuvimbela ekukhulumisaneni nezinto eziyingozi (imidwebo, imivese), abantu nezilwane.
- Ngezimo eziyingozi, i- hormone serotonin ikhiqizwa ebuchosheni, enethonya elihle emotweni ye-muscle.
- Ukunyuka kwe-adrenaline egazini kuba isizathu sokuthi umuntu aqale ukucabanga futhi asebenze ngokushesha, ngokubambisana kakhulu. Kodwa hhayi njalo.
Ukulimala Kwesaba
Ukungabi nokwesaba kungafaka isintu ekuqothulweni, kodwa kwezinye izimo, kuyingozi ukwesaba. Umqondo wesongo awusizo ngaso sonke isikhathi umuntu ukuba enze okulinganiselwe kwamakhono akhe. Esinye isimo sokuthuthuka esimweni esiyingozi kanje:
- ukunyakaza kuvinjelwe;
- Ukuphefumula kuphukile, kugwetshiwe;
- umuntu akakwazi ukucabanga futhi enze ngokujwayelekile;
- kukhona ukuhlaselwa kwesifo.
Izinhlobo zokwesaba
Kuye ngezigaba, ukwesaba kungahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amaningana. Isibonelo, uFreud wabelane ngayo yonke imizwelo yalolu hlobo ongokoqobo nangokwemvelo, futhi osebenza naye - isazi sezengqondo uCaplan - esisezingeni eliphezulu futhi esakhayo. Okokuthi, uhlobo lokuqala luyasiza ngempela umuntu ukuba asinde, yilokho okuthiwa ukwesaba okungokwemvelo, kanti okwesibili kuyimbangela yalesi sifo. Emibuthanweni yesayensi kuyisiko ukuhlanganisa ama-phobias emaqenjini angu-8:
- Indawo (ukwesaba ukujula, ukuphakama, izikhala ezifakiwe, njll).
- Ezomphakathi (abantu bobulili obuhlukile, isimo, ukunganaki ukushintsha, njll).
- Ukwesaba ukufa.
- Ingozi yokuthola izifo ezihlukahlukene.
- Ukuhlukana kokwesaba - ukungathandi ukuma.
- Ukwesaba ubulili .
- Ukwesaba ukulimaza abanye.
Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseRussia uSshbatbatykh sinomqondo wakhe walokho okwesaba okukhona. Zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu:
- Ezenhlalakahle - lokhu kuyisiphithiphithi mayelana nenhlalakahle yabo kanye nabathandekayo babo, ngaphambi kokubona komphakathi, ukukhangisa, izinguquko ekuphileni, njll.
- Imvelo, okungukuthi, ehlotshaniswa nemicimbi yemvelo (ukuduma kwezulu, isivunguvungu, njll).
- Ngaphakathi, "obekwe" ebuntwaneni.
Kodwa kuyoba nenembile kakhulu ukuhlukanisa zonke izifo kanye nezinkathazo zibe ngamaqembu amathathu (amane):
- Biological - okungukuthi, ehlobene nempilo nokuphila.
- Isimo esithinta umphakathi nesimo sokushintsha emphakathini.
- Ekhona - ngaphakathi, eveza ukuthi umuntu uqobo.
- Iqembu elihlukile ukwesaba kwezingane.
Ukwesaba komphakathi
Mhlawumbe iqembu elikhulu kakhulu lokwesaba okubonwa ngezigaba eziningana kungokwenhlalo. Ukuziqhenya kwazo ukuthi izinto eziqondiswa ngazo i-phobia ayithwali ingozi yangempela. Zingakwazi ukugeleza ezinkolweni eziphilayo - njengoba, isibonelo, ukwesaba izingane kwezinhlungu ezivela emithini yezinyosi kuthatha izimpande futhi kuba yinto engathandeki kubantu abanembatho emhlophe. Njengoba uneminyaka yobudala, isici sezenhlalakahle sishintsha eyodwa yezinto eziphilayo. Yamukelwa ukwabelana ukwesaba kwabantu balolu hlobo kulezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- ukwesaba ukuzithoba (ngaphambi komphathi, uthisha, njll);
- ukwesaba ukwehluleka;
- ukungafuni ukuthatha umthwalo wemfanelo (emndenini, ithimba);
- ukwesaba isizungu nokwehluleka;
- ukwesaba ukuxubana nabanye;
- ukwesaba ukuhlolwa nokuqiniseka.
Ukwesaba okuphilayo
Imvelo yabekwa ukuzwa ukuzwa ukwesaba nokukhathazeka ngaphambi kwezenzakalo ezongela ukuphila komuntu nezihlobo zakhe, isibonelo, izilwane ezidlayo neziyingozi, izidakamizwa. Ama-phobias anjalo afanelekile, futhi imbangela yenjabulo kuyingozi ngempela. Ukwesaba okungokwemvelo okuningi kubonakala nge:
- kungabonakali - ubukhona babo buyingxenye yokuzimela;
- ukusatshalaliswa kwabantu - lezi phobias zivamile kubo bonke abantu.
Ukwesaba okukhona
Okuyinhloko komuntu kubonakala eqenjini lesithathu lama-phobias: existential. Zibangelwa ezakhiweni zobuchopho obujulile, aziqapheli ngaso sonke isikhathi umuntu futhi "ziphila" ngokungaqondi, ngakho kunzima ukuphatha (uma kudingeka). Zihlanganisa:
- ukwesaba wena;
- ukwesaba isikhala (kuvaliwe, kuvulwe, ukuphakama);
- ukwesaba ukuguquguquka kwesikhathi, ikusasa, ukufa;
- ukuvela kokukhathazeka phezu kwalabo abangaziwa, izimfumbe zaleli zwe.
Ukwesaba kwezingane
Isigaba esihlukile - ukukhathazeka kwezingane, kudluliselwe ekukhuleni. Lona umzwelo oyinhloko - ukwesaba, futhi kubonakala esibelethweni, lapho ingane isabela ekuhlangenwe nakho komama. Ukwesaba okungokwemvelo (kokukhanya okukhanyayo, umsindo ozwakalayo, njll) kujwayelekile ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila. Lezi ziindlela zokuzivikela. Kodwa uma i-phobia ye-phobias ethile idluliselwa ezingeni lezakhi zofuzo, kungenzeka ukuthi imizwa yabantwana iyokhula ibe ukwesaba komuntu omdala.
Ungasusa kanjani ukwesaba?
Ukuba nomqondo ocacile wokuthi yikuphi ukwesaba nokuqonda izimbangela zayo, umuntu angazama ukuwaqeda ukuba aqede ngokuphelele izimo zokucindezela . Ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwenkinga kusiza ukubhekana nayo. Kunezindlela eziningi eziqinisekisiwe zokwelapha ukwesaba. I-Psychology ibiza ezinye zezindlela eziphumelelayo:
- Isinyathelo ngokumelene nokukhathazeka.
- Ukuchazwa okungenangqondo kwemiphumela engenzeka yaleso simo. Mhlawumbe akukho okumele ukhathazeke ngakho.
- Ukubukeka kwe-phobia kusephepheni noma ekhanda.
- Ukuqeqesha isibindi.
Uma kungumbuzo we-social phobia, ungaphinde ubhekane nayo ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo. Kunezinqubo nezindlela eziningi ezingokwengqondo nezindlela zokunqoba ukwesaba kokuxhumana:
- abajwayele abasha kanye nokwandisa kwama-horizons;
- ukuxhumana okujwayelekile, izingxoxo zocingo;
- ukubonisana kwengqondo kwengqondo.
Amathebulethi ngokwesaba
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi imizwelo enjengokwesaba ayibangeli izimbangela zemvelo. Uma ukukhathazeka kubangelwa izinkinga zezinzwa nezengqondo, ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kuyasiza. Imithi yokwelashwa ngokweqile ingathengwa kuma-pharmacy. Lokhu kufaka:
- amakhambi kanye neziqhumane - i-valerian, i-roseola, i-motherwort;
- amalungiselelo e-homeopathic;
- Izithako zokudla;
- izidakamizwa ze-nootropic - i-adaptol, i-phenibut, i-pane.
Ngezinye izikhathi izidakamizwa ezahlukene zingasiza ekuqedeni injabulo, kodwa hhayi isikhathi eside. Isibonelo, umuntu omesaba ukuhamba ngendiza, kulula ukuphuza iphilisi ngaphambi kwezindiza ezingavamile kunokuba ahambe isikhathi eside se-psychotherapy. Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwezidakamizwa nokucindezeleka kunganciphisa imizwa yokukhathazeka, kodwa uma impande yokwesaba ijulile, ezinye amaphilisi ngeke azisize. Kudingekile ukuba usebenze ngokwakho.
Indlela engcono kunazo zonke yokuqeda ukukhathazeka ukugwinya noma ukubalekela. Nganoma yikuphi ukuphosa-okuyimfihlo nokucacile, okuphazamisa empilweni, udinga ukulwa, ubheke ngesibindi ubuso obungozi kanye nobuthakathaka bakho. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi abantu abanamandla phezu kwezinto ezithile, futhi bakwazi ukubekezelela lezi zinhlobo zokwesaba. Isibonelo, ungazami ukunqoba ukufa noma ukugwema zonke izinhlekelele zemvelo. Abantu kufanele balalele ukusimama kokuzimela, kodwa bangadlizwa ukwesaba kwabo.