Ngezinye izikhathi ikhono lomuntu lokuqonda abantu abaseduze naye liyamsiza kakhulu empilweni. Angakwazi ukubikezela ukuziphatha kwabanye nabakhe ngezimo ezihlukene futhi aqaphele imizwelo nezinhloso kuye ngokukhulumisana ngamazwi nokungaqondile. Zonke lezi zipho zinquma lokho okuthiwa ukuhlakanipha komphakathi komuntu.
Kuyini ukuhlakanipha komphakathi?
Ukuhlakanipha kwezenhlalakahle ulwazi kanye namakhono anquma ukuphumelela kokuxhumana, uhlobo lwesipho esiza abantu ukuba bahlangane kalula nabantu futhi bangangeni ezimweni ezihlazozayo. Umqondo uvame ukubonakala ngengqondo engokomzwelo, kodwa ngokuvamile abacwaningi bababona behamba ngendlela efanayo. Ngomqondo wokuhlakanipha kwezenhlalo kukhona izingxenye ezintathu:
- Ezinye izazi zezenhlalakahle zihlukanisa ngenye indlela yengqondo, ikhono lokuqonda, futhi zifaka phakathi ngolwazi, amazwi okukhuluma kanye nezibalo, njll.
- Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwalolu daba kukhona ulwazi lokukhonkolo, amathalenta atholakele ekwenzeni umphakathi.
- Incazelo yesithathu ingumuntu obalulekile, oqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo nokuvumelanisa eqenjini.
Intelligence Social in Psychology
Ngo-1920, u-Edward Lee Thorndike wabeka ingqondo ye-psychology ngomqondo wokuhlakanipha komphakathi. Wayeyibheka njengobulumko ebuhlotsheni bomuntu siqu, okuthiwa "ukucabanga kwangaphambili." Emisebenzini elandelayo abalobi abanjengoG. Allport, F. Vernon, O. Comte, M. Bobneva noVin Kunnyn, nabanye bafaka isandla ekuchazeni igama elithi SI. Wathola izici ezinjengokuthi:
- ikhono lokuhlangana nabantu ngabanye futhi baqonde isimo seqembu;
- ukuzimela kusuka ekuhlakanipheni. isici;
- ukwakheka kwamakhono ngesikhathi sokuzibandakanya;
- ithuba lokuzibona ngamehlo abanye;
- amakhono omhlaba wonke, athuthukiswe ngokumelene nesizinda sezici zokuxhumana.
Izinga lokuhlakanipha kwezenhlalakahle
Ngemva kokuqaphela indima yokuhlakanipha kwezenhlalakahle ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe, ososayensi baqala ukucabanga ukuthi yini edingekayo ekuhlakanipheni kwezenhlalakahle nalokho abantu abanakho. Phakathi nekhulu lama-20, uJuil Guilford wakhetha ukuhlolwa kokuqala, okukwazi ukulinganisa i-SI. Uma sicabangela imingcele enjalo njengento eyinkimbinkimbi yomsebenzi, isivinini kanye nokuqala kwesixazululo, umuntu angasho ukuthi umuntu uyabonakala yini emphakathini. Ukuba khona kwezinga elihle lokuhlakanipha kwezenhlalakahle kusho ukuphumelela kwezenzo ezizweni ezahlukene. Ukusebenza kahle kunquma amazinga amaningana e-SI:
- isilinganiso- amaphethini wesenzo, ukusebenza ezimweni zansuku zonke zokuphila;
- ukuziphatha okulimazayo okuphansi , okukwazi ukubhubhisa ngisho nokuvumelana okuhle kakhulu kwezimo;
- eliphezulu - ikhono lokuxhumana, ukuphathwa kwabantu, ikhono lokulawula noma iyiphi inkinga.
Ukuhlakanipha okuphezulu kwezenhlalakahle
Izibalo zokuphila zifana nokuthi abantu bahlangana njalo nemisebenzi enzima. Labo abangakwazi ukuxazulula, bephuma baphumelele. Ukuhlakanipha kwezenhlalo nezomzwelo kuphakeme uma umuntu enesifiso namandla okucabanga. Umuntu ohlukumezeka emphakathini uhlale engumholi. Iphoqa abaphikisi ukuba bashintshe imicabango yabo, izinkolelo zabo, imibono; ngokushesha ugaye ulwazi olutholiwe futhi ulawula inkinga, ukuthola izixazululo ezifanele ngesikhathi esifushane.
Ukuhlakanipha komphakathi okuphansi
Uma umuntu enezinga eliphansi lokuhlakanipha kwezenhlalakahle, ubukhona bakhe bugcwele ubunzima obubonakala ngabanye futhi ikakhulukazi ngephutha lakhe. Abantu abangakwazi ukukhetha i-vector yokuziphatha, benze izinkomba kanye nemicabango. Baxhama kakhulu nabanye, ngoba bayakwazi ukuphazamisa impande yesihawu esiphuthumayo kanye nobuhlobo obubi nabangane abalulekile. Futhi ubunzima obuvela ekukhulumisaneni, abantu abangafundwayo banganqoba kuphela ngosizo lomunye nomunye umuntu.
Indlela yokuthuthukisa ukuhlakanipha komphakathi?
Abantu abaningi banakekelwa ngokuthuthukiswa kobuhlakani bezenhlalakahle, njengethuba lokukhulisa isimo sabo emphakathini. Kulokhu kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi imodeli yalesi simo ihlanganisa. Ukwakhiwa kobuhlakani bezenhlalakahle kubuningi futhi kuqukethe izinto ezifana nalezi:
- ikhono lomuntu ngamunye - ukuxhumana, ukuhambisana nabanye abantu;
- ukuziqaphela, ukungabi khona kwezithiyo kanye nezinkimbinkimbi ezinganaki;
- imodeli yezenhlalo. i-phenomena;
- ukuqonda izisusa zabantu kanye nokuziphatha kwabo.
Ukuphakamisa ibha ye-intelligence social, kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa ulwazi lomuntu futhi ulahle nezinye imikhuba eziphazamisa ukuxhumana nomphakathi. Into yokuqala ukuthi uhambe ngaphezu kwe- egoism bese ubheka abanye abantu, okungukuthi, ukwandisa ukwamukelwa kwakho. Kungaba usizo ukufunda ukwenza izinto ezilandelayo:
- baqonde ulimi lomzimba;
- funda imizwelo;
- ukubamba isimo se-interlocutor;
- lalela futhi uzwe;
- lawula imizwelo yakho;
- ukwenza ngokusemthethweni ngaphandle kokungabaza.
Ukuhlakanipha kwezenhlalakahle - izincwadi
Ukuze uqonde okuyinhloko yokuhlakanipha kwezenhlalakahle, ungazijwayeza nezincwadi ezikulesi sihloko. Lo msebenzi kwi-psychological and sociology, usebenza, okhuluma ngezinkinga zomuntu ngamunye, kanye nezindlela zokuzixazulula. Kuwusizo ukwazi kangako izincwadi ezifana nalezi:
- UGuilford J., "Izinhlangothi ezintathu zobuhlakani," ngo-1965.
- Kunitsyna VN, "Ukufaneleka komphakathi nokuhlakanipha komphakathi: isakhiwo, imisebenzi, ubudlelwano", 1995.
- Albrecht K., "Intelligence Social. Isayensi yamakhono okusebenzisana ngempumelelo nabanye ", ngo-2011.