Umbala wesikhumba somuntu uxhomeke kokuqukethwe kwemibala ye-pigment ye-melanin, i-carotene, i-oxyhemoglobin nezinye izinto kulo, kanye nezinga legazi, uhlobo lesikhumba nobukhulu be-stratum corneum engenhla. I-brown pigment melanin yiyona into esemqoka ethinta umbala wesikhumba, amehlo nezinwele. Kubalulekile ukuba umuntu avikele emiphumeleni eyingozi emzimbeni wemisebe ye-ultraviolet. Ngakho-ke, isikhumba sinyama, kungcono ukubekezelela imisebe yelanga.
Ngokukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwe-melanin, isikhumba sishaya, izindawo ezimnyama zobukhulu obuhlukile kanye nokwakhiwa kwendawo kuvele kuso. Ngokukhiqizwa okwanele kwe-melanin, izindawo ezikhanyayo zivela esikhumbeni.
Izimbangela zokubonakala kwezindawo ezimnyama ziningi:
- izifo zangaphakathi;
- ukufeza;
- ukukhulelwa;
- ukuguga;
- ukulimala;
- ukwephulwa kwesimo se-hormonal;
- ukuvezwa kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet nezinye.
Umbala wamabala esikhumbeni ungahluka kusuka obala obomvu kuze kube mnyama. Noma imiphi imfundo ekhulayo esikhumbeni idinga ukunakekelwa, ngoba ezinye zazo zingakwazi ukuguga zibe yisifo esibi kakhulu. Amabala aluhlaza onesikhumba angagxili, angafaki, angakhulumi usayizi futhi abuye aveze, angaba ama-moles ajwayelekile futhi anganakwa. Kodwa uma kukhona izinguquko ngendawo, udinga ukuphuthuma uthintane ne-oncologist.
Ukufakela i-hyperpigmentation kungakhuluma ngokuntuleka kwamavithamini A, PP, C. Lokhu kufanele kucatshangelwe hhayi nje kuphela ukwelashwa kwendawo ngendlela yama-trays, ama-lotions namafutha, kodwa futhi uthathe amanani amaningi amavithamini.
Amabala aluhlaza esikhunjeni semilenze abonakala kaningi ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwe-trophic ngenxa yokungakwazi ukusebenza kwegazi, isibonelo, ngokuqeda ukuqina kwe-atherosclerosis yezinto ezisezingeni eliphansi noma isifo sikashukela. Indawo yokugcina izidakamizwa emilenzeni iyingozi ngoba lapho ugoba imilenze, owesifazane angalimaza imvukuzane, okwenza kube nengozi yokulimala. Uma uneminyaka yobudala, izindawo ezimnyama zingavela esikhunjeni sezandla - ngemuva kwezandla. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inqubo yokuguga kancane kancane iphula ukushintshaniswa kwe-pigment. Futhi, amabala anjalo angabonakala kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba noma esemncane. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kubangelwe ukuvezwa ngokweqile elangeni.
"Mask of ukukhulelwa"
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, izindawo ezibomvu zivela esikhumbeni sobuso. Babizwa ngokuthi "imaski yokukhulelwa". Ukuvela kwe-mask kuhlotshaniswa nezinguquko kwibhalansi ye-hormonal yowesifazane. Ilanga lingaqinisa ukujula, ngakho-ke ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kungcono ukuqaphela ilanga eliqondile. Ngokuvamile, "imaski yokukhulelwa" iphela ezinyangeni ezimbalwa emva kokubeletha noma emva kokuphela kwenqubo yokondla umntwana. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, ungaxhumana ne-beautician uphinde ususe la mabala nge-laser.
Lichen multicolored
Uma ama-multi-colored (noma ukuzwela), enamahloni esikhumbeni kukhona izindawo eziluhlaza ezicacile ezikhishwayo, futhi emva kokushisa kwelanga ushiye i-foci hypopigmented. Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, le ndawo igxilwe nge-5% tincture ye-iodine. Nge-pityriasis, isikhumba siba mnyama.
Freckles
Izindawo ezincane ezimnyama esikhumbeni esingafaki, musa ukuphakama ngaphezu kwesikhumba futhi ungabangeli noma yikuphi ukuzwa okungahle kube khona. Leli gama lazitholile, ngoba inombolo yabo nokuqina kwayo kwanda entwasahlobo, lapho umsebenzi wezandla wezandla ukhula. Ukwelashwa kwama-freckles cishe akusebenzi noma kunika umphumela okwesikhashana. Ngokuvamile ama-freckles avela kubantu abomvu abomvu nabangenabulungiswa. Kubantu abanjalo, njenge-prophylaxis, kunconywa ukuba basebenze esikhunjeni sekhanda lokubheka ubuso, futhi futhi basebenzise ukhilimu
Isifo sikaRecklinghausen
Izindawo ezinombala ezimhlophe esikhumbeni zingenzeka nge-neurofibromatosis, noma isifo sikaRecklinghausen. Ngemuva kwabo, ama-nodules asemakhasini amnyama, athambile kumathinta, amathambo aphelile. Ezifo ezinzima, izicubu zomgogodla nemisipha ziphakama, kuhlanganise nemiphumela emibi, njengokuphuphutheka, ukuyizwa, ukucindezela umgogodla, njll. Lesi sifo sinokuvela kofuzo. Ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe ngudokotela.
Ukwelashwa kwamabala aluhlaza esikhumbeni
Njengamanje, kunezindlela eziningi zokulwa nokuhlushwa kwe-hyperpigmentation. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo, i-dermabrasion (i-laser skin resurfacing), i-phototherapy, ukusetshenziswa kwe-bleaching agents, i-ozone therapy nabanye. Hlola imbangela yamachasha esikhumbeni bese uphakamisa indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokwelapha ingadokotela kuphela.