Sonke siye sabhekana nokuphindaphindiwe. Izizathu zalesi simo zingase zibe yiningi - kusukela emiphumeleni yomoya omile kuze kube khona izifo ezinzima zezitho zangaphakathi. Ngokuvamile, iphunga liphuma ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwama-capillari egqoke i-membrane.
Kungani ikhala liphuma?
Phakathi kwezici eziyinhloko eziholela ekugezeni kwegazi, kwahlukanisa:
- i-pathologies yegciwane (isb., umkhuhlane);
- izifo ezenzeka ngokuphulwa kwegazi coagulability (ngezinkinga zesibindi, i-pleen);
- i-esophageal, i-pulmonary, i-hemorrhages engasebenzi;
- i-pathology, ihambisane nokuguqulwa kwezindonga zegazi (nge-avitaminosis kanye ne- arteriosclerosis yemithambo yegazi );
- igazi emphunjini, isizungu kanye nesicanucanu kungabonisa ukucindezelwa kwegazi okuphezulu okubhekene nokucindezelwa kwegazi eliphezulu;
- izinkinga zenhliziyo nezinkinga zezinso;
- ukutholakala kwezicubu emgodini wamapulisi (i-papilloma, i-polyp, umdlavuza) futhi kuphazamisa ukuphuma kwegazi;
- ukwehluleka kwe-hormonal (ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ukuyeka esikhathini sokuqala);
- Ezinganeni, ngokuvamile igazi lihamba ngokukhetha ikhala bese lilimaza izinto ezivela kwamanye amazwe.
Igazi kusuka ekhaleni - usizo lokuqala
Ukumisa igazi emakhaleni isenzo esibalulekile ukuqhuba ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kwesibhedlela. Ukumisa ukuphuma kwamanzi kuyadingeka ukwenza lokhu okulandelayo:
- Hlala uphendule ikhanda lakho phambili, hlala kule ndawo imizuzu embalwa. Ngokujwayelekile izenzo ezinjalo zisiza ekubhekaneni nokuphuma kwegazi.
- Misa masinyane igazi empeni kungenziwa ngokunamathela emaqenjini angamazinyo afakwe ezingxenyeni ze-hydrogen peroxide woboya bekotini noma nje ukubamba amaphiko ekhaleni ngamaminithi amabili.
- Kubalulekile ukuthi isiguli sihlele ukuthula okuphelele. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akayifuni ikhanda lakhe ukuze agweme ukuphuma kwegazi ku-nasopharynx. Uma kwenzeka, kufanele ulikhafule ngokushesha.
- Kuvinjelwe ukushaya impumulo yakho, njengoba lokhu kunciphisa ukwakheka kwe-clot, okungayeka ukuvala izitsha ezimele.
- Uma igazi lingavumi emphuneni imizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu, kufanele kube khona i-ambulensi.
Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isiguli silele ngemuva kwakhe, futhi ikhanda lakhe laphendukela eceleni. Ukucindezela okubandayo kusetshenziswe ekhaleni neqhwa. Uma kukhona ukugeleza okuncane kwegazi, ungazama ukumisa, ubambe ikhala lakho okwesikhashana.
Igazi kusuka ekhaleni - ukwelashwa
Isiguli sinikezwa kubanda futhi sinyathelisa amaphiko emakhaleni kuya ku-septum. Uma igazi liqala ukugeleza futhi, indawo ethintekile yekhala ishiswa nge-chromic acid noma i-lapis, futhi iphathwa nge-aminocaproic acid (5%).
Uma isikhungo sokuphuma kwegazi sitholakala engxenyeni engemuva noma ephakathi kwempumu, khona-ke i-tamponade yengxenye yangaphandle yekhala iyenziwa. Inqubo kanje:
- Nge-anesthesia, i-mucosa iphathwa ngesisombululo se-dicaine (2%).
- I-tampon ye-gauze, cishe ubude obuyi-70 cm, ifakwe ngamafutha we-vaseline.
- Ijojowe emgwaqweni ongasese.
- Susa i-tampon ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbili noma ezimbili.
I-tamponade yangemva kwe-post eyenziwa uma ukuphuma kwegazi kubonakala ngemuva kwempumu:
- Okokuqala, i-catheter ye-raber ifakwe emakhaleni nasemlonyeni.
- Khona-ke, faka uchungechunge kwiphubhu kusuka ku-tampon bese uyibuyisela emuva.
- Yenza i-tamponade yangaphakathi.
Shiya amathoni okungaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbili, njengoba ukuhlala kwabo isikhathi eside kwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka kwendlebe ephakathi.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukugwedla kwegazi, isiguli sifakwe ngaphakathi nge-calcium ne-sodium etamzilate, i-vitamin C, i-aminocaproic acid, i-intramuscularly, i-vikasol. Ezimweni ezimbi, igazi, i-plasma kanye ne-platelet transfusions kwenziwa futhi i-carotid ligation yenziwa.