Indlela yokuxilongwa kwe-ultrasound iyaziwa wonke umuntu. Ikuvumela ukuba ubone ngokushesha izimbangela zezimpawu ezithile nezikhalazo, uhlole isimo sezitho zangaphakathi nezinhlelo. Iziguli eziningi zinesithakazelo kulokho okubonisa ukuthi i-ultrasound yezitokisi zekhanda nentamo nokuthi yiyiphi indlela efanayo yokuphenya ngokuvamile enqunyiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunzima ukuqonda imigomo esetshenziselwa lolu hlobo lokuxilongwa.
Ngayiphi injongo i-ultrasound yemikhumbi ye-brachiocephalic yentloko nentamo esetshenzisiwe?
Ukuze uqonde incazelo yocwaningo olubuzwayo, umuntu kufanele abe nomqondo wegazi elihlinzeka ebuchosheni. Imishanguzo ye-brachiocephalic yizona zitsha ezinkulu, okuyizona "ezokuthutha" eziyinhloko zamanzi eziphilayo kanye ne-oksijeni kuya kwezicubu. Ubuchopho buhlinzekwa ngegazi ngenxa yokungazinzi kwangaphakathi kanye nemithambo ye-vertebral, kanye nemithanjeni ejulile futhi ejulile, kuhlanganise nama-vertebrates. Iningi lemikhumbi ayitholakali kuphela ngaphakathi kwekhanda, kodwa nasentanyeni.
Ngakho-ke, uhlobo oluchazwe lwe-ultrasound luyocwaningo oludingekile uma kwenzeka izinsolo ekuguleni kwe-cerebral circulation.
Izinkomba zale nqubo yokuxilonga:
- ikhanda;
- umsindo ezindlebeni ;
- ukuwohloka kokunakwa, inkumbulo kanye nekhono lokugxila;
- isiyezi;
- ukulahlekelwa kokuqonda;
- ukukhubazeka okubukwayo;
- ukulala;
- ukuphelelwa amandla kwamalungu , ukukhanya;
- i-shaky gait.
Yini engabonakala kwi-ultrasound yemikhumbi esemqoka yekhanda nentamo?
Ngenkathi yenqubo, udokotela uhlola lezi zimingalo ezilandelayo zokuxilonga zegazi:
- Ukuguquka;
- isimo nesisindo sezindonga;
- ububanzi be-lumen;
- inkambo ye-trajectory ye-anatomical;
- isimo samathambo aseduze;
- isivinini kanye nephethini lokugeleza kwegazi;
- ukuhlukumeza.
Izinkomba ezibalwe zidingekile ekuhloliseni okulandelayo kwe-ultrasound yezimpahla zekhanda nentamo. Ngenxa yokuqhathaniswa kwedatha etholakalayo ngezindinganiso, kungenzeka ukuthi uhlolisise ngokunembile ukuhlukunyezwa kwezinto eziphuthumayo ekuthuthukiseni izifo zomzimba, izifo ze-vascular systemic, ubukhona, ubukhulu nobuningi be-cholesterol plaques, i-degree of atherosclerosis. Udokotela obhekene nakho ngemuva kwe-ultrasound angathola noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka kwezikebhe, okubangela ukuncipha kwezinga legazi engenayo ebuchosheni.
I-ultrasound yezimpahla zekhanda nentamo yenziwa kanjani?
Kumele uqaphele ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bokuhlola obuchazwe kahle bubizwa ngokuthi ukuskena kwe-duplex, ngoba kudlula ngezigaba ezimbili:
- I-Ultrasound ku-B-imodi ye-B-mode. Kulesi sigaba, kuphela imithanguzo nemithambo ye-extracranial kuphela (i-carotid, i-vertebral, ijugular) iyabhekwa. Lesi sigaba sidinga ukuhlolwa okulungile kwesakhiwo semithambo yegazi, kanye nesimo sezingcubu ezizungezile neziseduze.
- I-Transcranial ultrasound noma i-transcranial dopplerography. Lemodi ikuvumela ukuba uhlole yonke imithwalo yegazi ye-carotid kanye ne-vertebrobasilar ibhasi ngaphakathi kwe-skull. Ngaphandle kwezinkomba eziyisisekelo zokusebenza kwamathambo kanye nemithanjeni, i-transcranial dopplerography inikeza ulwazi mayelana nesimo kanye nesivinini sokugeleza kwegazi.
Izigaba ezichazwe kufanele zenziwe ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi. Ukukhetha uhlobo olulodwa lokucwaninga ngeke lunikeze udokotela ulwazi olwanele ukuze athole ukuxilongwa okulungile.
Inqubo ngokwayo yenziwa ngaphandle kokulungiselela kokuqala futhi iqukethe okulandelayo:
- Isiguli susa ubucwebe nezesekeli kusukela ekhanda nasemqaleni.
- Ijel ekhethekile ye-ultrasound isetshenziswa esikhumbeni.
- Uchwepheshe wamaminithi angu-30-45 kuqala uhlola izitsha zentanyeni, bese ehambisa inzwa kwisifunda sendawo, ngenhla ngaphezu kwe-arch zygomatic.
- Ukubhaliswa kwedatha etholakele ephepheni elishisayo futhi ngokubhala.
- Ukuphela kokuskena kwe-duplex, ukususwa kwezinsalela ze-gel.
Isiphetho, njengombuso, sinikezwa ngokushesha ngemuva kwe-ultrasound.