Ukunyuka okuqhubekayo ekucindezelekeni kwegazi (BP), okukhulunywe kukho ekuphileni kwansuku zonke njengengcindezi yomshuwalense , kubizwa ngokuthi umfutho wegazi ophezulu. Kungaba yisifo sesifo sezinso, isimiso se-endocrine, ukucindezeleka. Le-hypertension yenza ama-5-10% kuphela amacala, kanti abantu abangu-90 kuya ku-95% abanomfutho wegazi ophakeme banesifo sofuba (ukucindezeleka okubalulekile). Okulandelayo, sizocabangela ukuthi senzeni ngezinga eliphezulu legazi.
Amanani avamile wegazi
Ukunquma umfutho wegazi ophezulu osebenzisa izinkomba zomfutho wegazi ophezulu nephansi.
I-Systolic (umkhawulo ongaphezulu) - ingcindezi emithanjeni, ephakama ngesikhathi sokuchotshozwa kwenhliziyo nokuxoshwa kwegazi. Inani elivamile lingu-110 - 139 mm Hg. Art.
I-Diastolic (umkhawulo ophansi) - ingcindezi emithanjeni, ephakama ngesikhathi sokuphumula kwesisu senhliziyo. Isimiso siyi-80 - 89 mm Hg. Art.
Ukucindezela kokucindezela kungukumahluko, phakathi komkhawulo ongaphezulu nangaphansi (isibonelo, ekucindezelekeni kuka 122/82 lokhu kuyi-40 mm Hg).
Izinga lokucindezela kwe-pulse li-50-40 mm Hg. Art.Izimpawu zomshoshaphansi wegazi
I-hypertension igxilile uma izindinganiso zegazi zingaphansi kuka 140/90 mm Hg. Art. Lezi zibalo ziphakeme kakhulu kubantu abanezifo eziphakeme, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi isiguli asizwa sizizwa kabi futhi sifunda ngokunyuka kwengcindezi, kuphela ukufaka amakhekhe we tonometer.
Ezikhathini eziningi, ngokucindezela okwanda, ugozi, ikhanda, ukukhathala. Ngaphansi kancane, izimpande ze-noseble kanye negazi zihamba zibheke ebusweni. Uma izindinganiso ze-BP eziphazamisekile zizinzile, kodwa isiguli asitholi ukwelashwa okufanele, lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu ezingaphakathi zangaphakathi - ubuchopho, izinso, amehlo, inhliziyo. Kulesi simo, ngaphezu kwalezi zimpawu, kukhona ukunxanxathela, ukuhlanza, ukuphefumula, ukukhathazeka.
Izimbangela zokunyuka kwengcindezi yegazi ephansi
Ezimweni ezingu-20% zamagciwane aphezulu, iziguli zinomkhawulo ophansi ophakeme we-BP ekucindezelekeni okujwayelekile kwe-systolic.
Isizathu sokucindezeleka okubalulekile kungaba:
- ukulungiswa kwefa;
- ukukhuluphala;
- umsebenzi owenziwe ngokwanele;
- ukudlala usawoti ngokweqile;
- ukukwazi ukucindezeleka;
- ukubhema, ukuphuza utshwala.
Ngezinye izikhathi ukuphakama kwengcindezi yegazi ephansi kuphakanyiswe nakwezinye izimbangela:
- izifo zezinso (i- pyelonephritis , i-glomerulonephritis, i-polycystosis, i-amyloidosis, ukutholakala kwesifo sofuba kwemikhumbi yezinso);
- izifo ze-endocrine (pheochromocytoma).
Inkomba ye-diastolic ye-blood overestimated yinkomba ye-alamu, ngoba lesi simo sinomthelela ekufakweni kwe-cholesterol kanye ne-fibrin ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, okusongela impilo.
Ukwelashwa kokunyuka kwengcindezi ephansi kufanele kuqale ngokuhlonza imbangela yangempela ye-pathology.
Izimbangela ze-high blood pressure high
I-systolic yegazi egxile kakhulu nge-index engezansi engaphansi kwe-90 mm Hg. Art. kujwayelekile kubantu asebekhulile. Isibangela sokukhubazeka: ukuqina kwezindonga zezimpahla, ezisongela ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha, uma kuthiwa. I-syperlic hypertension ayikwazi ukuphathwa. Lesi simo sandisa futhi ingozi yokuhlaselwa inhliziyo kanye nokushaywa yisifo.
Ukwelashwa kwengcindezi ephakeme yegazi
Uma izinkomba zomfutho wegazi zingabhekene ne-hypertension, kodwa ziyizimpawu zesinye isifo (njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, lokhu kungama-5-10% amacala), khona-ke ukwelashwa kufanele kuhloswe ekuqedeni isifo esiyisisekelo.
Esikhathini sokuqala sokucindezeleka okubalulekile, ukwelashwa okungewona izidakamizwa kusiza, okubandakanya:
- ukwehla izinga lokusawoti nsuku zonke;
- ukuvimbela ukucindezeleka;
- ukwenqaba ukubhema, utshwala;
- umsebenzi omzimba wokukhanya (ukuhamba, ukubhukuda);
- ukulahlekelwa isisindo (ngokukhuluphala);
- Ukudla okunomthelela wokudla kwamafutha emfuyo.
Uma kungenakho ukusebenza okusebenzayo ekwelapheni ukwelashwa kwegazi eliphezulu. Ukusetshenziselwa ngokwenqubo:
- i-diuretics;
- ACE inhibitors;
- angiotensin receptor blockers;
- abaphikisi be-calcium;
- beta-blockers.