Kusukela ezikhathini zaseSoviet, ukuxilongwa kwesifo sofuba kuye kwafakwa ukugeleza okukhulu: sonke sikhumbula ngokugcwele ukujova kweMantoux. Le ndlela, nakuba ayinembile kakhulu, iye yaziphendulela ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi futhi imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Ngenhlanhla, intuthuko ayimi, futhi manje kunezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokukhomba isifo sofuba se-mycobacterium.
Izindlela zokuthola isifo sofuba
Ukuze ahlolwe isifo sofuba , odokotela kuzodingeka basebenze kanzima, ngoba lesi sifo sinengqondo kakhulu futhi akulula ukuthola i-mycobacteria. Okokuqala, lo mkhakha udinga ukufunda i-anamnesis nesithombe somtholampilo ngesisekelo sezikhalazo zesiguli kanye nezimpawu azibonile. Ukwengeza lolu datha kuzokusiza ngokuhlola, ukulalela nokukhuluma. Ukucacisa ukuhlolwa kokuqala, lezi zindlela ezilandelayo zisetshenziswa:
- ukuhlolwa kwe-tuberculin;
- i-fluorography ne-roentgen;
- ukuhlaziywa kwe-microbiological;
- ukuhlaziywa kwakhe;
- ukuhlaziywa kwe-cytological;
- izinsimbi nezindlela zokusebenza;
- indlela ye-immunological;
- ucwaningo oluvamile lwe-laboratory, kuhlanganise nokuhlolwa kwegazi.
Kukho konke ukuhlonza ukuhlukunyezwa kwesifo sofuba sofuba, okuyinto evumela ukukhomba ngokunembile ukutheleleka, izinga lokusabalalisa kwesifo nokubikezela. Futhi umsebenzi wayo ukuhlukanisa isifo sofuba kwezinye izifo zokuphefumula. Isisekelo sokuxilongwa ngokwehlukile ukuhlola amaphaphu usebenzisa i-X-ray, kanye nezinye izindlela.
I-X-ray yesiguli ithunyelwa uma i-fluorography ehleliwe, okumele yenziwe njalo eminyakeni emibili, ibonise ukushaywa okusolisayo kumaphaphu.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR yesifo sofuba
I-PCR yokuhlola iyingxenye yendlela yokucwaninga encane, okubandakanya ukucwaninga ngokujulile kwe-smear ngokusho kweTsilyu-Nielsen kanye nemvelo ejwayelekile ye-mycobacterium isifo sofuba. Njengento ebonakalayo, isisu esisuka esiswini sesiguli sisetshenziswa njalo. Le ndlela inhle, kodwa kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi noma ngabe inikeze umphumela omubi, lokhu akusona isiqinisekiso sokuthi awunayo isifo sofuba. Ukuhlolwa okuyisithathu kuphela kusivumela ukuthi sikhulume lokhu ngokuqiniseka. Futhi ukuxilongwa kwe-microbiological
Kunembile kangakanani ukuxilongwa kwesifo sofuba kusukela ekuhloleni kwegazi?
Ukuhlolisisa ukuhlaziywa kwegazi kuye kwenzeke kungekudala, kepha kuze kube yimanje kungenye yezindlela ezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu zokuqinisekisa ukuba khona kwe-mycobacteria emzimbeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela ingenye yezinto ezisheshayo futhi ezinembile kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokucwaninga, ama-reagents akhethekile ayengezwa egazini futhi ukuxhumana kwabo ne-mycobacteria ye-medium evamile kuyabonakala.