Iziqhumane e-Indonesia

E- Indonesia kunezintaba ezingu-78 ezingahlali muntu ezifaka ingxenyana yomlilo ePacific. Yakhiwa ekuhlanganiseni kwamapuleti amabili e-lithospheric Indo-Australian nase-Eurasian. Namuhla le ndawo iyona evumelana kakhulu ne-volcanically emhlabeni. I-1250 yaqhuma izimpukane, ezingu-119 zazo zaholela ekufeni kwabantu.

Izintaba-mlilo eziyinhloko zase-Indonesia

Uhlu lwezintaba-mlilo ezidume kakhulu e-Indonesia kanje:

  1. I-Volcano Kelimutu . Ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-1640. Kuseqhingini lase-Flores , okuthakazelisa ubuhle bamachibi ayo. I-volcano iyingxenye yepaki kazwelonke i- Kelimutu. Phezulu kwentaba ayikho enye kodwa amachibi amathathu ngesikhathi esisodwa, ehlukile ngobukhulu, umbala nokubunjwa. Ngemva kokukhuphukela phezulu kwe-volcano e-Kelimutu e-Indonesia, uzobona amachibi abomvu, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okuzoshintsha kuwo wonke usuku kuye ngokuthi ukukhanyisa nesimo sezulu.
  2. Kawah Ijen . Ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-2400. Le mlilo onesiqhingini saseJava udumile nge-lava yayo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye ne-asidi enkulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni. Bafika lapha bevela emhlabeni wonke ukubona ukubona okungakahleki - ukuchithwa kwe-lava ekhanyayo nombani, bebetha emhlabeni ngokuphakama kwamamitha amahlanu. I-crater of the volcano igcwele echibini elijulile, lapho i-sulfuric ne-hydrochloric acid iqhuma khona endaweni yamanzi. Umbala wayo okhangayo we-emerald uyingozi kakhulu. Ukusondela echibini eliseduze, kanye nokuhlala emgodini we-volcano i-Ijen e-Indonesia ngaphandle kokuphefumula okhethekile, ukuvikeleka kumfutho wesulfure, akuphephile.
  3. Intaba ye-Bromo e-Indonesia. Kutholakala empumalanga yesiqhingi saseJava, buhle kakhulu futhi buheha ngobukhulu bayo abavakashi abaningi. Bayakhuphukela endaweni ephakeme ye-2330 m ukuze bahlangabezane nokuntwela kokusa futhi bahloniphe izinhlobo ezingekho emthethweni ze-volcanic. Amathafa ahlanganiswe nemifino enhle, kodwa ephezulu kuya phezulu, lapho i-landscape iqhubeka khona. Amadonsa omhlabathi omnyama, amafu aphansi abamba ukubhema enza umbono ongenakulibaleka kubahambi.
  4. Intaba-mlilo yeSinabung. Ukuphakama kuyinto engu-2450 m. Itholakala enyakatho yeSumatra . Sekuyisikhathi eside intaba-mlilo ibhekwa sengathi ilele, kodwa kusukela ngo-2010 kuze kube yilolu suku yonke iminyaka engu-3 iyaqhuma, okuholela ekubhujisweni nasekuphumeni kwabantu abaningi. Muva nje, uye wandisa umsebenzi wakhe futhi uphazamisa izakhamuzi zesiqhingi minyaka yonke. Ngo-May 2017, waphinde waqala ukukhipha umlotha wamandla amakhulu kangangokuthi ukuvakashelwa kwakhe kwabavakashi kwakungavaliwe kuze kube phakade. Manje awukwazi ukusondela ku-volcano yeSinabung e-Indonesia engaphezu kwezingu-7 km, futhi abantu abavela emadolobhaneni asendaweni bathathwa endaweni ephephile.
  5. I-Volcano yaseLucy e-Indonesia yi-volcano enkulu kakhulu yedaka esiqhingini saseJava endaweni yaseSidoarjo . Kubonakala sengathi kusebenza ngokukhiqizwa kwegesi yemvelo, ngenkathi kubhekwa imithombo. Ukusuka emhlabathini ngo-2006, imifudlana yodaka yaqala ukuphakama ngaphansi kwengcindezi yegesi. Ngokushesha indawo eyungezile yagcwala izikhukhula ezinamandla. Yonke imizamo yezazi ze-geologists esebenza ekugayeni ukuyeka ukukhishwa kwodaka, amanzi namanzi akuphumelelanga. Abazange basize ngisho namabhola amatshe, awela emgodini omkhulu ngobuningi. Ukuphakama kwamaphutha kwenzeka ngo-2008, lapho uLucy nsuku zonke ephonsa ngaphandle kwamamitha ayizigidi eziyi-180 zamamitha ayizigidi zamamitha. m dirt, okwaholela ekususweni kwabahlali bendawo. Kuze kube manje, ihlulekile ngaphansi kwesisindo sayo futhi ifile okwesikhashana.
  6. I-Merapi Volcano e-Indonesia. Ukuphakama kwe-2970 m. Enye yezintaba-mlilo ezivame ukuvusa kakhulu esiqhingini saseJava, yagcina iphelile ngo-2014. Abantu base-Indonesia bayibiza ngokuthi "intaba yomlilo", ekhuluma ngemisebenzi eminyaka eminingi engaphazamiseki. Ukuqhuma kwaqala ukurekhoda kusukela ngo-1548, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ukukhishwa okuncane kwenzeka kabili ngonyaka, futhi kunamandla - kanye kuphela eminyakeni engu-7.
  7. I-volcano ye-Krakatoa . Iyaziwa kakhulu ngenxa yokuqhuma okukhulu kunomlando womhlaba. Ngesikhathi esisodwa esiqhingini se-volcanic eqenjini lama-Lesser Sunda Islands kwakuyi-volcano elele. Ngo-May 1883, waphaphama waphonsa ikholomu lomlotha kanye nomlilo wama-flame 70 km esibhakabhakeni. Ngehluleka ukumelana nokucindezela, intaba yaqhuma, yabulala izingcezu zedwala kude ibanga elingamakhilomitha angu-500. Umswakama wokudabuka enhloko-dolobha kwadilizwa ezinye izakhiwo, uphahla oluningi, amafasitela neminyango. I-tsunami yaphakama ibe yi-30 m, futhi inselele yokushaqeka yakwazi ukuhamba emhlabeni wonke izikhathi ezingu-7. Namuhla intaba encane 813 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle, elikhula njalo ngonyaka futhi libuyisela umsebenzi walo. Ngemuva kwezilinganiso zamuva, i-Krakatoa intaba e-Indonesia ivunyelwe ukusondela eduze kuka-1500 m.
  8. I-Tambora . Ukuphakama kungu-2850 m. Itholakala esiqhingini saseSumbawa eqenjini leziQhingi ze-Small Sunda. Ukuqhuma kokugcina kwaba ngo-1967, kodwa edume kakhulu kwakungu-1815, owabizwa ngokuthi "unyaka ngaphandle kwehlobo." Ngo-Ephreli 10, ukuqhuma kwentaba yaseTambor e-Indonesia kwaqothula amalangabi endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-30, umlotha nomlotha esakhiweni se-stratosphere, okwadala ushintsho olukhulu lwezulu, olubizwa ngokuthi i-ice age.
  9. I-Volcano Semeru . Ukuphakama 3675 m, leli yiyona ndawo ephakeme kakhulu esiqhingini seJava. Igama lanikezwa ngabantu bendawo ngokuhlonipha unkulunkulu wamaHindu okuthiwa iSemer, bavame ukukhuluma ngaye "kuMahamer", okusho ukuthi "Intaba Enkulu". Ukunyuka kule volcano kuyodinga ukuthi ube nomsebenzi okwanele futhi uzothatha okungenani izinsuku ezingu-2. Kufanelekela abavakashi abanokuhlangenwe nakho nabazethembayo. Kusukela phezulu kukhona ukubukwa okuphefumulayo kwesiqhingi, iziqhingi ezivuthiwe ezihlaza futhi ezingenampilo zaseMartian, ezashiswa ukuqhuma. I-volcano iyasebenza futhi ihlale iphonsa amafu omusi nomlotha.
  10. Intaba-mlilo yaseKerinci . I-volcano enkulu kunazo zonke, i-3800 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle, i-Indonesia esiqhingini saseSumatra, epaki kazwelonke. Ngonyawo lwayo kuphila amahlombe adumile aseSumatran nama-rhinoceroses aseJavan. Esiqongweni se-crater yisichibi esiphezulu se-volcanic, esibhekwa njengelona eliphakeme kakhulu emachibini ase-Southeast Asia.
  11. I-volcano ye-Batur . Okuthandayo kwabahambi abaqaphela ubuhle beBali . Lapha abavakashi bafika ngokukhethekile ukuze bahlangabezane nokuntwela kokusa futhi bajabulele umhlaba omangalisayo we-island ehle. Ukuphakama kwe-volcano kungamamitha ayi-1700 kuphela, ukukhuphuka kuyinkimbinkimbi, kufinyeleleke ngisho nabantu abangakulungele. Ngaphandle kwezivakashi, abaseBalin nabo ngokwabo bavame ukukhuphuka le ntaba. Bakholelwa ukuthi onkulunkulu bahlala entabeni, futhi ngaphambi kokuqala komkhumbi bayathandaza kubo futhi benze imikhosi neminikelo.