Uma kungenakwenzeka ukunqoba lesi sifo ngosizo lwemithi evamile, noma izinga lesifo seliba yingozi, odokotela banikeza imithi elwa namagciwane. Muva nje, ngokuphindaphindiwe, ngokuvamile baqala ukunikeza ama-antibiotics wezenzo eziningi. Yiziphi izinzuzo zabo, indlela yokusebenza, ufunda ngokufunda lesi sihloko.
I-antibiotic yesenzo esiningi esikhulu sesizukulwane esisha
Ama-antibiotics amalungiselelo we-biological or semisynthetic etymology. Ziklanyelwe ukuthi zingathinti kakhulu amagciwane - amabhaktheriya.
Ukungena ngaphakathi, i-antibiotic ingena egazini kuqala, bese iqoqa esimweni esithile somzimba noma somzimba. Ngakho-ke, uma kungenzeka ukukhomba i-agent ye-causative yesifo, odokotela banikezela ngokuqiniseka ukuthi i-antibiotiki yezinyathelo ezincane ngokuya ngesifo, eyazi ukuthi le mithi elwa namagciwane isendaweni efanele futhi izoqala ukusebenza kwayo.
Uma kwenzeka ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuqonda imvelaphi yezinambuzane ezibangela lesi sifo, ochwepheshe banikeza imishanguzo ye-anti-spectrum.
Ama-antibiotics asebenza kanjani?
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokutholakala kwama-antibiotic kubhaktheriya:
1. I-bactericidal - lolu hlobo lwesenzo luhloselwe ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwamagciwane ezinobungozi. Ukulungiswa kwaleli qembu kugcizelela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-membrane yeseli, kubangele ukufa. Lezi, isibonelo:
- I-Penicillin;
- I-Gentamicin;
- I-Cephalexin;
- Streptomycin;
- I-polymyxin;
- Rifampicin nabanye.
Ukubuyiswa kusuka kuma-antibiotics indlela yokusebenza ye-bactericidal kwenzeka ngokushesha kakhulu.
2. I-Bacteriostatic - lolu hlobo lwemithi elwa namagciwane aluvumeli amakoloni azalisayo ezinambuzane ezibhaktheriya, futhi amabhaktheriya ngokwawo abulawa ngamasosha omzimba avikelayo - ama-leukocytes. Lokhu kufaka:
- Levomycetin;
- Tetracycline;
- Erythromycin;
- I-Linkomycin nabanye.
Ukuqedwa kokuqala kwenkambo yokwamukelwa kusongela ukuthi amabhaktheriya "azosetshenziselwa" ama-antibiotic, akhathele, futhi lesi sifo sizobuyela ngesikhathi.
Inzuzo yama-antibiotic omusha wamanje-spectrum
Cabanga ngalokho okungcono kunesizukulwane esisha sama-antibiotics:
- Benza ngokucindezelayo inamba enkulu yezincane ezincane eziyingozi - ama-gram-positive ne-gram-negative bacteria.
- Sinemiphumela emibi embalwa.
- Ukwamukelwa kwezidakamizwa kuyinto elula kakhulu - ama-antibiotics esizukulwane sokuqala kufanele athathwe izikhathi ezine ngosuku, isizukulwane sesithathu nesine - izikhathi ezingu-1-2 kuphela.
- Zisebenza kahle, ukuphumula kuyashesha.
- Ukuhlanzwa okungeziwe futhi kungabonakali kakhulu emaphethelweni emathunjini kanye nezinye izinhlelo emzimbeni, ngoba amathuba okufa kwe-microflora enenzuzo ayanciphisa.
- Kungcono ukubekezelela abagulayo.
- Uma isikhathi eside sijikeleza ngegazi, sigcina umphumela wokuphelisa isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke imvamisa yokudla iyancishiswa izikhathi eziningana.
- Zifana namathebulethi, ama-capsules noma ama-syrups, okudingeka athathwe kanye ngosuku, okuyinto elula kakhulu iziguli eziningi.
Uhlu lwemithi elwa namagciwane ezukulwaneni esisha sesenzo esikhulu
1. I- Cephalosporins 1-4 izizukulwane zisebenza ngokumelene ne-staphylococci, i-Klebsiella, i-Proteus, i-Haemophilus ne-Escherichia coli, i-pneumonia, i-pyelonephritis, i-osteomyelitis, i-meningitis:
- Cefazolin;
- I-Cephalexin;
- Cefadroxil;
- I-Cefaclor;
- I-Cefuroxime;
- I-Cefotaxime;
- Ceftriaxone;
- Tsepefim nabanye.
2. I-fluoroquinolones - esetshenziselwa izifo zendlela yokuphefumula, izifo ze-urinary tract, tissue soft, isikhumba, ukuxoshwa kwamathambo, amalunga, ama-STD, i-meningitis, i-sepsis:
- Ciprofloxacin;
- I-Tsiprolet;
- I-Ofloxacin;
- Lomefloxacin;
- I-Norfloxacin;
- I-Pefloxacin;
- Levofloxacin;
- I-Moxifloxacin;
- I-Sparfloxacin nabanye.
3. I-Carbapenems isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo ezibangelwa ama-enterobacteria ne-anaerobes:
- Tienam;
- I-Meropenem.
4. Amapenicillin - asetshenziselwa izifo zesimiso sokuphefumula, uhlelo lwe-urogenital, isisu namathumbu, isikhumba, i-gonorrhea, i-syphilis:
- Amoxicillin;
- I-Flemoxin solute;
- I-Hiconcile;
- Iphhenoxymethylpenicillin;
- Ampicillin;
- I-Oxacillin;
- Ampioks ;
- Amoxicillin clavulanate (amoxiclav, augmentin, moxiclav, clavocin nabanye).
Ngemuva kokubuyiselwa ngosizo lwe-antibiotics, kuphakanyiswa ukuphuza izidakamizwa ukubuyisela izifo zokuzivikela kanye namathumbu emathunjini - i-tincture ye-echinacea, i-Immunal noma enye.