I-Cephalosporins yiqembu elikhulu lama-antibiotic asebenzayo, okuqala okutholakala phakathi nekhulu lama-20. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, amanye ama-anti-antimicrobial agents of this group atholakale, futhi izidakamizwa zabo ze-semisynthetic zenziwe. Ngakho-ke, okwamanje, izizukulwane ezinhlanu ze-cephalosporins zihlukaniswa.
Umphumela oyinhloko walezi zinambuzane ukulimaza izingqamuzana zamangqamuzana amabhaktheriya, okuholela ekufeni kwabo. I-Cephalosporins isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa ama-bacteria amagciwane, kanye nama-Gram-positive bacteria, uma ama-antibiotic avela eqenjini le-penicillin atholakale engasebenzi.
Kukhona amalungiselelo avela eqenjini lama-cephalosporins kokubili ukukhuluma ngomlomo nangokwelashwa. Ngendlela yamaphilisi, i-cephalosporins eyayizizukulwane ezi-1, 2 nezi-3 zikhishwa, kanti izizukulwane ezine kanye ne-5 ze-antibiotics zalolu qembu zihloselwe kuphela ukuphathwa kwezibeletho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi akuzona zonke izidakamizwa ezihlobene ne-cephalosporins ezithathwe kusukela kumathambo emathunjini. Njengomthetho, ama-antibiotics ezibhebheni anqunyelwe izifo ezincane zokwelapha ngesifo sokugula.
Uhlu lwamagciwane omzimba weqembu le-cephalosporin ezibhebheni
Cabanga ngalokho i-cephalosporins engasetshenziswa ngomlomo, ngenkathi ebahlukanisa ngokwezizukulwane.
Cephalosporins 1 isizukulwane ezibhebheni
Lokhu kufaka:
- I-Cephalexin;
- Cefadroxil.
Lezi zidakamizwa zibhekene nemiphumela emincane yemiphumela, kanye nezinga eliphansi lomsebenzi elibhekene namabhaktheriya angama-gram. Ezimweni eziningi, kunconywa ukwelashwa kwezifo ezingathí sina esikhunjeni, izicubu ezithambile, amathambo, amalunga namalungu e-ENT abangelwa yi-streptococci kanye ne-staphylococci. Kulesi simo, ukwelashwa kwe-sinusitis ne-otitis, le mithi ayinqunyelwe ngoba ayifinyelele kabi kakhulu endlebeni ephakathi nasesinini esiswini.
Umehluko omkhulu weCephadroxil kusuka kuCephalexin wukuthi lesi sigaba sibonakala isikhathi eside senzalo, esikuvumela ukuba unciphise imvamisa yemithi. Kwezinye izimo, ekuqaleni kokwelashwa, i-cephalosporins yesizukulwane sokuqala ngesimo somjovo ingenziwa ngokushintshwa okunye kwifomu yethebhulethi.
Izizukulwane ezimbili ze-Cephalosporins ezibhebheni
Phakathi kwezidakamizwa zaleli qembu:
- I-Cefaclor;
- Cefuroxime axetil.
I-spectrum ye-second-generation generation cephalosporin umsebenzi olwa nama- gram-negative bacteria ububanzi kunokwesizukulwane sokuqala. Lezi amaphilisi zingalawulwa nge:
- Izifo ezithathelwanayo ezithathelwanayo ezisezingeni eliphakeme nelingaphansi lokuphefumula (i-tonsillitis, pharyngitis, i-bronchitis engapheli, i-pneumonia etholakale umphakathi);
- izifo ezithathelwanayo ze-urinary tract;
- izifo zesikhumba ezingekho ezinzima, izilonda zebhaktheriya zezicubu ezithambile, amathambo namalunga.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-Cefaclor ayikwazi ukudala ukuphakama okuphezulu endlebeni ephakathi, ayisetshenziselwa i-otitis media, futhi i-Cefuroxime axister ingasetshenziswa kulokhu. Kulokhu, i-antibacterial spectrum yazo zonke izidakamizwa zifana, kodwa i-Cefaclor ayisebenzisi kangako ngokuphathelene ne-pneumococci ne-rod hemophilic.
Cephalosporins 3 izizukulwane ezibhebheni
Isizukulwane sesithathu se-cephalosporins sihlanganisa:
- Cefixime;
- Ceftibuten.
Izici zalezi zidakamizwa ziyi:
- umsebenzi ophakeme maqondana ne-enterobacteria ne-Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ze-pharmacokinetic;
- ukungena kahle emathangeni.
Lezi antibiotics zibekwe njalo lapho:
- i-bronchitis engapheli ebangelwa induku ye-hemophilic ne-morocell;
- izifo ezithinta umchamo ezibangelwa imifino eminingi.
I-Cefixime nayo inqunyelwe i-gonorrhea ne-shigellosis.