Ukuqhuma - kunjani ukukhomba nokulwa nokuxhashazwa esikoleni, emsebenzini, emndenini?

Ukuqhuma - lesi simo sezenhlalo nezengqondo sakhiwe kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo nasemhlabeni wanamuhla isamba sawo sikhula. Kukholelwa ukuthi ukuhlukunyezwa okuvela kumantombazane, ngokungafani nabafana, kunengqondo ngokweqile ukuqonda ukuthi isisulu, amantombazane afundeka kakhulu ezindleleni zokushushiswa, okungenakuphika ukuthi ushiya umshicileli on the psyche of the victim.

Ukuqhuma - kuyini?

Ukubuthwa kuvela ngegama lesiNgisi elithi bulling - ukuhlukunyezwa, futhi kuyisenzo sobudlova, ukuhlaselwa okunonya ngokuthuka, ukuhlazeka, okwenza umonakalo komzimba kubantu noma ngaphezulu, izingane ngenhloso yokuhambisa. Kuqhutshwa esiteji sokuqala nge-1-2 instigators noma izinkunzi, ngokubandakanyeka kancane kancane ekilasini lonke, iqembu noma ndawonye. Ukuxoshwa nokuhlukunyezwa kuyizinto ezihlobene. Ukuxoshwa kuyisilingo "sokuhlambalaza," isibonelo, uma oqalayo evela esikoleni noma eqenjini, futhi ngokungafani nokuhlukunyezwa, ukushushiswa kwengqondo kuphela kuyasetshenziswa.

Izimbangela zokuxhashazwa

Kungani ukuhlukumezeka (ukushushiswa) kungaqedwa? Lezi zizathu eziningi, okunye okungukuthi udlame lwasekhaya, nezinkunzi ngokwabo zivame ukuhlukunyezwa emndenini wabo. Isifiso sokuhlazisa abanye noma ukukhubaza abanye siphumelela ngomuzwa wokuthi ungaphansi, i-buller ayinalo ukulawula isimo sebudlova basekhaya, kodwa emphakathini, esikoleni, angayenza, futhi uzizwe ephethe amandla ezandleni zakhe.

Ezinye izizathu:

• ukukhulelwa - ngesikhathi se-hormone "ukuthuthumela" (ukulungiswa kabusha), kukhona ukukhululwa egazini lezinga eliphakeme le-testosterone ne-adrenaline ebusheni, okungabangela ukwanda okukhulu ;
• isisindo sokudabuka;
• isifiso sokugxila;
• izinga eliphakeme lokufisa.

Izisulu zokuxhashazwa

Isizathu sokuthi ukhetho oluwela ehlathini luwela enganeni ethile - kunzima ukuphendula lo mbuzo, kunalokho kubangelwa izimbangela zento ngokwayo. Ngokuvamile, izisulu zokuxhashazwa esikoleni ziyi:

• abafundi abaphumelelanga;
• izingane ezinesiphiwo;
• izingane ezikhubazekile;
• izingane zothisha;
• izikhalazo kanye nokunyundela;
• izingane ezivela emindenini empofu;
• abameleli abancane bezocansi ;
• abameli bezinye izizwe;
• izingane ezinokucabanga okungavamile;
• othandekayo othisha.

Psychology of bullying

Isisekelo sobudlova, ulaka, luqukethe izingxenye ezintathu zesakhiwo: ophishekelayo yi-bullie noma inkunzi, isisulu, kanye nababukeli. Ngokuvamile kakhulu kukhona ingxenye yesine - umvikeli. Ukufunda ubuhlungu bokuhlukumezeka, izazi zezokwelapha zafinyelela ekuphethweni ukuthi imizwa enjengoba nomona, ukungathandi, ukucabanga okungalungile kokungabi nabulungisa, isifiso sokuzimela kungenza ukuba lokhu kuvezwe esikoleni. Ukuxolisa nge-bulling - lokhu kuyisibonelelo esincane kuphela sokuzizwa komuntu ohlukunyeziwe, uma abantu abadala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bebona ukuthi kukhona ukuxhashazwa nokuthatha isinyathelo.

Izinhlobo zokuxhaphaza

Izinhlobo zokuxhashazwa zihlukaniswa uhlobo lomthelela kumuntu ngamunye. Kungaba ubudlova ngokomzimba ngokubangela ukulimala komzimba, nokucindezela kwengqondo. Lesi sigaba sinemibandela, ngoba ukulimala emzimbeni kuhlotshaniswa nokuwohloka kwesimo sengqondo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngumntwana noma omdala owazi ukuzimela, uma kuhlushwa ngendlela ehlelekile, zombili umzimba nomoya womuntu ohluphekayo, ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene nodlame lwezocansi.

Ukuqhuma esikoleni

Ukuhlukumeza esikoleni kuhilela ukuhlukunyezwa kwezingane ezithile ngokumelene nabanye, noma ngisho nekilasi lonke lokufaka ushevu umfundi oyedwa. Lokhu kwenzeka okokuqala ngezikhathi ezithile, bese kuhlelekile, futhi kuhleliwe njalo. Kunezibonakaliso ezimbili eziyinhloko zobudlova esikoleni:

1. Ukuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba - ingane ikhunjulwa, inikwa amakhekhe, ukukhahlela, ngezinye izikhathi kubangela ukulimala ngokomzimba okukhulu.
2. Ukuhlukunyezwa kwengqondo - umthelela on psyche nge:

• izinsongo;
• ukusheshisa;
• ukushushiswa;
• ukwesatshiswa;
• ukulenga iziteketiso ezihlaselayo, amalebula;
• ukushaya izikhangiso, ukuhlukaniswa;
• ukuphanga kwemali, izinto zomuntu siqu.

Uhlobo olusha lokuxhaphaza kwengqondo - ukuxhaphaza nge-cyber. E-mail, izithunywa ezisheshayo ezinganeni ziqala ukuthumela izikhalazo ezimbi, izithombe, ukuhlambalaza isithunzi samathekisthi, zingasatshiswa yizisongelo zokuhlambalaza. Umehluko phakathi kokuxhaphazwa kwe-cyber kanye nendabuko ukuthi i-bullet isaziwa, engenza isimo sengqondo somntwana senzeke, ngoba ingozi, ingozi ayitholakali, futhi lokhu kuyasusa kakhulu ubuntu.

Ukuxhashazwa emsebenzini

Ukucindezelwa kwengqondo kusuka kwabalingani emsebenzini emsebenzini akuvamile. Kunoma yikuphi ukuqoqa, ungathola umuntu owehlayo noma iwundlu lokuhlatshwa. Ukushaya emsebenzini emsebenzini wokulwa, izincomo zengqondo:

• ukwandisa ukuqeqeshwa kwabo, ukungahlali kahle ehhovisi labo, akekho ozokwazi ukusola ukungakwazi;
• ukucabangela lowo ophulukisayo akunconywa, lokhu kuzomane kukhulise ukucasula kwakhe, makamemeza, akhubeke, aze aphelelwe amandla, angachaza ukuthi "noma ubani ohluphayo, yilokho akushoyo", kulokhu uyakhala;
• Kubalulekile ukuthola abantu abanomqondo ofanayo-kungaba ngabasebenzi abaye bahlukunyezwa ngaphambili;
• funa usizo kubaphathi;
• uma ushushiso luqhubeka, njengokukhetha, cela umholi ukuthi adlulisele kwenye iyunithi.

Ukuxhashazwa emndenini

Ukuhlukumezeka komndeni - into ejwayelekile ezweni lanamuhla, izimbangela zalo zikhona ebuhlotsheni (ukukhiqizwa kwezakhi zofuzo ngendlela yokugxila komlingiswa), ezomnotho, ezenhlalakahle, ezempilo nezengqondo. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zeshushiso emndenini:

1. Ukuxhashazwa ngokomzimba - umonakalo ohlelekile empilweni yengane, elinye ilungu lomndeni onokulimala ngokomzimba, ukulimala ngokomzimba.
2. Ukuxhashazwa ngokobulili - ukubandakanyeka kwengane ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe ezenzweni zobulili zabantu abadala, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabo zobulili.
3. Ukuxhashazwa kwengqondo - ukuthotshiswa kwesithunzi somntwana, ubudlova obumelene nomuntu ngosizo lokuthukwa, ingane eyakhelwe imikhuba ye-psychopathological.

Indlela yokubhekana nokuxhashazwa?

Indlela yokuyeka ukuxhashazwa - kule ndaba ephezulu yokusebenza kwengqondo yabasebenzi, izinhloko zezikhungo zemfundo, ukuqeda ukuxhashazwa kunzima, uma konke kusukela ekuqaleni kwakunakekelwa futhi udlame luyaqhubeka. Ukuvimbela yindlela ewukuphela kokunciphisa yonke into ekuhlungeni, ngakho imiphumela ayifanele futhi ayibi kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, izinkunzi zivela emindenini ehluphekile, ngakho ukulungisa izifo zokuziphatha, ukusebenza nomndeni kuyisici esibalulekile sokulwa nokuxhashazwa.

Indlela yokuhlonza ukuxhaphazwa?

Ungamelana kanjani nokuhlukunyezwa? Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukubhekwa, lokhu kusebenza nakwezinye izimo lapho umzali eqaphela ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ngomntanakhe kanye nokubona komfundisi uthisha i-microclimate ekilasini kanye nesifiso jikelele sabasebenzi bonke bokufundisa nokuphatha ukubona nokugcina impilo yesikole yonke. Lokhu kusivumela ukuba sibone amacala okuhlukunyezwa ekuqaleni, lapho izinyathelo ezicindezelayo zingasenomthelela odingekayo futhi unciphise ukuhlukunyezwa kwengqondo. Yini okufanele uqaphele kokubili abazali nabafundisi:

• ingane, intsha ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa, ukuqhuma okuvela kuwo wonke umuntu eceleni, ukukhuluma noyedwa, kubheka ukucindezeleka;
• impilo yomfundi ihlaziya, ukubonakaliswa kwengqondo njalo ngezifo zokuphefumula;
• edeskini umfundi uhlezi yedwa, akekho othanda ukuhlala naye (ngokuvamile eyokugcina kumadeski emigqa);
• phezu kwezinguquko, noma ngemva kwezifundo ungabona isithombe sendlela iqembu lamadoda elinde ngayo umuntu obheka nxazonke, ngenkathi ezwa ubuhlungu obuvela kubo;
• ekamelweni lokudlela, ungase uphinde ukhohlwe ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle uma omunye wabafundi ehlala ethenga ukudla komunye (ngokuvamile abafundi abancane bathenga ukudla kwasemini abafundi bezikole eziphakeme);
• abazali bangaqaphela ukuthi umntwana uye wacela imali "ngezidingo" zekilasi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthola leli phuzu othisha weklasi;
• ingane ibuyela ekhaya icindezelekile, iya esikoleni ngokungafuni okukhulu.

Ukuvimbela Ukuxhashazwa

Ukuvimbela ukuxhaphazwa esikoleni kufanele kwakhiwe ngemizamo ehlangene yabothisha, izixhobo zokuphatha nabazali, bese kuphela umuntu ongakhuluma ngokuphumelela. Ukushaya esikoleni indlela yokulwa - ukuvimbela:

• ukudala izimo esikoleni ezingavumeli ukubonakala kokuxhashazwa;
• uma ngabe ukuhlukunyezwa kungakaze kwenzeke, izinyathelo zokusebenza zibalulekile: ukwehlukanisa isisulu kanye nenkunzi, ukuze kunciphise umphumela wokucindezeleka;
• sebenzisana nezingane ukuqinisa ubuntu nomoya, ukuzivocavoca ukulwa nokuhlukunyezwa;
• Ukunquma izinhlobo zokuxhashazwa okwenzeka esikoleni;
• ingxoxo yenkinga ezingeni lamakilasi, abasebenzi bezandla;
• ingxoxo nezinkunzi nabazali bazo;
• ukulungisa ukuziphatha okulimazayo komfundi ohlukumezayo, ukusebenza nomndeni wakhe.

Imiphumela yokuhlukunyezwa

Ukubuthisa kushiya uphawu olungenakulinganiswa kwi-psyche yabo bonke abahlanganyeli kule nqubo. Isihlukumezi sokuhlukunyezwa yiqembu elithintekayo kakhulu futhi imiphumela ixhomeke ekutheni kushushiswa isikhathi eside kangakanani. Ukukhathazeka kwengqondo kaningi kakhulu ukunciphisa ukuzethemba, ukuhlanganiswa kwesimo se "isisulu", izifo ezihlukahlukene ze-psychosomatic, ukwakheka kwezinzwa ne-phobias. Kuyadabukisa ukuthi phakathi kwalabo abahlukunyezwayo ukuxhashazwa kunesilinganiso esikhulu sokuzibulala .

Amabhuna nawo abhekana nemiphumela yokuziphatha kwabo okulimazayo, eba abantu abadala, abheka ubuhlungu ngabo ngokwabo esikhathini esidlule, umuzwa wecala namahloni uhambisana nabo bonke ukuphila kwabo. Ukushicilela okunjalo emphefumulweni akuvumeli ukuba uphile impilo egcwele, umuntu uvame ukubuyela engqondweni ngalezo zinsuku futhi njengokungathi uzama ukuwalungisa ngokomqondo. Kodwa phakathi kwabahlukumezi nabaningi abahlanganisa ukuphila kwabo nobugebengu futhi baqhubeka nokuthatha isenzo esibi emphakathini nasemphakathini wonke. Umthwalo wokuhlukumezeka ukhona futhi izenzo zezinkunzi zijeziswa ngokungafanele, kubalulekile ukukhumbula lokhu.

Kukhona nesigaba sababukeli noma ababukeli ababona ukuhlukumezeka, kodwa kudlula, inqubomgomo yokungaphazanyiswa kubiza izisulu zokuhlukumezeka, kodwa ushiya umshicileli emphefumulweni womuntu oqaphelisayo: izwi lezembeza lishaywe, umuntu uba ngumuntu ongenamuntu ongenandaba, ongenandaba, ongenakuzwelana nozwela, ngenxa ye-atrophy yokuphendula ngokuvikela.