Izimfanelo zabanye abantu ziyamangalisa, ikakhulukazi uma ziqondiswa ekulimazeni kwabo. Kulezi zici zokuziphatha kungenzeka ukuthi zithwale isisulu - isethi sezinto zomuntu ozimisele ukuba yisisulu sobugebengu nezingozi. Umqondo ucatshangelwa ekucwaningweni kwengqondo nokulwa nobugebengu.
Kuyini ukuhlukunyezwa?
Ukuhlukunyezwa kuyisici sokuziphatha komuntu, okuyinto eheha ngokungathandeki ukuhlukunyezwa kwabanye abantu. Leligama livela egameni lesiLatini elithi "victima" - isisulu. Leli gama lisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuhlukunyezwa kweRussia - insimu yezinkambiso zobugebengu, okuyinto eqhuba inqubo yokuba yisisulu sobugebengu. Enye yezincazelo zokuqala zalesi senzakalo yindawo yokuba yisisulu, kodwa umuntu angawubheka njenge-pathology. Ukuhlukunyezwa nokuziphatha kwesisulu kubonakala ezindaweni ezahlukene zokuphila. Kodwa ngokujulile lo mkhuba ubhekwa njengobungane emndenini.
Ukuhlukunyezwa kwengqondo
Isimo somuntu ohlukumezekile sisemgwaqweni wezengqondo zomthetho nezenhlalakahle . Ngokuphathelene nalokhu okuqhubekayo, ukuziphatha kwabahlukumezeka ukuphambuka okusekelwe ezintweni ezifana nalokhu:
- ukubeka phambili;
- izimo zangaphandle;
- ithonya lomphakathi.
Izisulu zithinteka kakhulu intsha. Umuntu omusha kaningi kunabantu abadala aba yisisulu sezimo ezimbi, izenzakalo, abantu, hhayi nje kuphela. Ukwenza umonakalo akudingeki ukuba ube omunye umuntu, kungaba isilwane sasendle, isici, impi ehlomile. Le nkinga ingenye yephuthumayo kunazo zonke ezingqondweni zanamuhla futhi ayitholakali isisombululo.
Izimbangela zokuhlukunyezwa
Intuitively, umuntu uzama ukungabonakali ubuthakathaka bakhe phambi kwesitha esingaba khona, ukugwema izimpikiswano nezingozi. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, ukuziphatha kwesisulu sezisulu kubonakala. Yini evusa izenzo zomuntu, ikhomishana ayeziletha yona eyinkathazo? Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zabantu abenza ubudlova ngokwabo:
- I-passively-ngaphansi . Okokuthi, isisulu sigcwalisa izidingo zomhlaseli, kepha ingabe siyisilimaza, noma siyichaze kahle amagama nama-oda. Abantu abanjalo baningi kakhulu (40%) yenani labantu labantu abane-syndrome echazwe.
- Ukukhathaza ngamanga . Ngaphandle kokwazi lokhu, isisulu esingaba nakho senza konke ukukhohlisa umphikisi ekuhlukunyezweni: kuziphatha ngokungcolile, ngokukhululekile, njll.
- Uhlobo olungaqiniseki . Ukushintsha kokubili izinhlobo zokuziphatha, ukungahambisani ezinqumweni nasezenzo zabo, ukubonakaliswa kokulondeka noma ukungaqondi kahle.
Ukuzethemba okunganele, ukukhathazeka, ukungazinzi ngokomzwelo kwenza umuntu abe engozini yokulimala. Izimbangela zokuziphatha kwabahlukunyezwa zivame ukufihlwa ebuhlotsheni bomndeni. Okudingekayo ukuvela kwawo yizici ezifana nalezi:
- ubudlova;
- i-victim's syndrome nabazali;
- indawo engalungile lapho umuntu (umndeni ongasebenzi, ongaphelele) akhule;
- ekubeni kwezinye izinhlangano ezingafani.
Izimfanelo zesisulu
Ezimweni lapho i-psychology yesisulu ibonakala khona, ukuziphatha kwabahlukumezi kubonakala ngezenzo ezingokomthetho nezingekho emthethweni ezingase zingathinteli ikhomishini yobugebengu nganoma iyiphi indlela, kodwa zingadlala indima eqinile. Uhlobo lokuhlukunyezwa luveza ngezindlela ezihlukene: luboniswa ukungazinzi ngokomzwelo, ukulangazelela ukuzithoba, ubunzima bokuxhumana, ukungaqondakali kwemicabango yomuntu, njll. Uma abantu bevame ukusabela ngokungalungile ezikhathini ezisongela ukuphila, cishe bangena enkingeni. Ubunikazi bomuntu siqu buqokwe yizici zobuntu njengo:
- ukulalela;
- ukusikisela, ukukholelwa;
- ukunganaki nokuziqhenya;
- ukuhluleka ukuzimela wena.
Ukuziphatha kwabahlukunyezwa nokuhlukunyezwa
Ebuhlotsheni, isisulu esikhohlisayo isigamu samacala okudlwengula yisiphambeko sabantu abathintana nabo, hhayi ukungahambi kahle kwezimo. Isici somuntu sidlala indima enkulu. Abanye abantu basengozini kakhulu, abanye bangaphansi, kodwa ngobuningi bezenzo zobugebengu bobudlova, izenzo zesisulu ziba yisisusa sokuhlukunyezwa. Yini engenziwa "okungalungile"? Ziba ngokungcolile, uqhubekele enkingeni noma, ngokuphambene, unesizotha, ungenakuzwelana. Kulokhu, ingqondo yokuziphatha kwesisulu ingukuthi isisulu esingaba khona siyakwazi ukuhlukunyezwa nobudlova.
Ukuhlukunyezwa kanye nomuntu siqu nochwepheshe
Zonke izisulu azizinzile. Izinkinga zivela ezindaweni ezingokwengqondo nezenhlalakahle (futhi, mhlawumbe, ezomzimba) zomuntu ngamunye. Kodwa i-victim syndrome ibonakala ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ochwepheshe baseRussia bahlukanisa izinhlobo zazo ezine, okungenzeka empilweni yangempela ingabonakaliswa omunye komunye:
- Ukuguqulwa kwama-Victimogenic kungenxa yokukhubazeka komphakathi okungalungile. Kuboniswe ukungqubuzana okukhulu, ukungazinzi, ukungakwazi ukucabanga okungaqondakali.
- Ukudlala noma ukudlala indima . Izindinganiso zendima yomuntu emphakathini, okwandisa ingozi yokuxoshwa empilweni yakhe nasezempilo ngenxa yesimo sakhe.
- I-pathological , lapho i-syndrome iba umphumela wesimo esibuhlungu somuntu ngamunye.
- Ubudala - amanye amaqembu wabantu, ngenxa yobudala bawo noma ukukhubazeka, abhekene nokuhlukunyezwa.
Ubuhlobo bokuhlukunyezwa emndenini
Zonke iziphambeko zibekwe ebuntwaneni, kanti umkhuba womenzi wesisulu kanye nesisulu siqala ukwakha emndenini. Udlame lwasekhaya lunefomu ngokomzimba, ngokobulili, ngokwengqondo nangokomnotho futhi lwenziwa ngokusongela nokubandlululwa . Amacala awawodwa. Ukuhlukunyezwa kwabesifazane kuveza ukuhlukunyezwa kwamadoda (futhi ngokuphambene nalokho). Izindlela zokulawula namandla abesilisa abasebenzisa ukuzonda ubulili obuthakathaka benkululeko, amathuba okuziqhenya, futhi ngezinye izikhathi empilweni. Futhi lokhu kushiya impendulo yayo esimweni sengqondo sezingane.
Ungasusa kanjani ukuhlukunyezwa?
Kusukela ekubukeni kwengqondo, ukuhlukunyezwa ukuphambana nokujwayelekile, futhi kungaphathwa. Asikho isidakamizwa esithile salesi sifo, futhi indlela izoxhomeka ngezizathu zalokho okwenzekayo. Ukuziphatha ngokuhlukunyezwa kungaqedwa ngezindlela ezimbili:
- Imishanguzo (izidakamizwa, ukuthula, izidakamizwa, njll).
- Ngosizo lwe-psychotherapy. Ukulungiswa kwenziwa ngokulungisa ukuziphatha noma imizwa, ukufunda ukuzithiba kanye namanye amasu.
Ukumiswa komuntu ukuba angene ezimweni ezingathandeki akuyona iphutha lakhe ngaso sonke isikhathi. Futhi uma kunjalo lo mkhuba awukufanelekeli umhlukumezi (isibonelo, umdlwenguli noma umbulali) futhi akaguquli icala lakhe kumuntu ohlukumezekile. Uma inkinga isenzo nezenzo, udinga ukufunda ukuthi ungazilawula kanjani. Uma uqaphela ukuziphatha okungalungile, kunethuba lokulilungisa, ukuze ungenzi ubuwula futhi ungayitholi inkinga ekuqaleni.