Iningi labantu linalo censor yangaphakathi elisiza ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezici ezinhle nezimbi ekuphileni. Kubalulekile ukuba ufunde ukulalela izwi ngaphakathi kwakho futhi ulandele iseluleko sakhe, bese eyokuqondisa esikhathini esizayo esijabulisayo.
Kusho ukuthini unembeza?
Kunezincazelo eziningana zomqondo onjalo: ngakho-ke, unembeza ubhekwa njengamandla okuzimela ngokuzimela imithwalo yemithwalo yemfanelo yokuzihlola nokuzihlola izenzo ezizibophezele. Izazi zengqondo, echaza ukuthi unembeza ungowamazwi abo, unikeza incazelo enjalo: lokhu kuyinhlobo yangaphakathi elinika ithuba lokuqonda ukuthi umuntu uqonda kahle kanjani umthwalo wakhe siqu ngesenzo esiphelele.
Ukuze unqume ukuthi unembeza, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi uhlukaniswe waba izinhlobo ezimbili. Owokuqala ubhekisela ezenzweni umuntu azenzayo, enesizinda esithile sokuziphatha. Uhlobo lwesibili luchaza imizwelo eyenziwa yilowo muntu ngenxa yezenzo ezithile, isibonelo, umuzwa wecala . Kukhona abantu abangazange bakhathazeke ngemuva kokwenza izinto ezimbi futhi esimweni esinjalo bathi izwi langaphakathi lilele.
Kuyini unembeza kaFreud?
Isazi sezokwelapha esaziwayo sikholelwa ukuthi wonke umuntu une-superego, equkethe unembeza kanye ne-ego-ideal. Okokuqala kuvela ngenxa yokukhuliswa kwabazali kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezijeziso ezahlukene. Unembeza kaFreud uhlanganisa ikhono lokuzigxeka, ukukhona kwemithetho ethile yokuziphatha kanye nokuvela kwemizwa yecala. Ngokuqondene nokushiya okwesibili-okulungile, kuvela ekuvunyweni nasekuhloleni okuhle kwezenzo. UFrud ukholelwa ukuthi i-superego yenziwe ngokugcwele lapho ukulawulwa kwabazali kuthathwa indawo yokuzithiba.
Izinhlobo zesazela
Mhlawumbe abaningi bayomangala iqiniso, kodwa kunezinhlobo eziningana zekhwalithi yangaphakathi. Uhlobo lokuqala yilona unembeza womuntu siqu, okugxile kakhulu. Ngosizo lwaso, umuntu uthola okuhle nokubi. Umqondo olandelayo wenembeza ohlangene uhlanganisa izithakazelo nezenzo zalabo abangenalo ithonya lomuntu siqu. Kunemikhawulo, ngoba ixhumene nabantu kuphela abangamalungu eqembu elithile. Uhlobo lwesithathu - unembeza ongokomoya awunaki ukulinganiselwa kwezinhlobo ezingenhla.
Kuyini unembeza?
Abantu abaningi babuza lo mbuzo okungenani kanye empilweni yabo, ngakho-ke, uma bekungenayo izwi langaphakathi, lowo muntu ngeke akwazi ukuhlukanisa ukuthi yiziphi izenzo ezinhle futhi ezimbi. Ngaphandle kokulawula kwangaphakathi impilo efanele, kuzodingeka ukuthi ube nomsizi oqondise, ocebisa futhi osize ukuba athole iziphetho ezifanele. Enye iphuzu elibalulekile mayelana nokuthi kungani umuntu efuna unembeza ukuthi kusiza umuntu ukuba aqonde impilo, uthole indawo ebalulekile futhi azibonele. Kumele kuthiwa ayikwazi ukuhlukaniswa nokuziphatha nokuziphatha.
Kusho ukuthini ukuphila ngokuvumelana nonembeza?
Ngeshwa, kodwa hhayi bonke abantu abakwazi ukuziqhayisa ukuthi baphila ngemithetho, bekhohlwa ngalelikhwalithi bese bethi ngokwabo. Ngenxa yekhwalithi yangaphakathi, umuntu wenza izenzo ezithile, aqonde okuhle nokubi, kodwa futhi uyazi imibono enjengobulungiswa nokuziphatha. Umuntu ophila ngokuvumelana nonembeza, uyakwazi ukuhlala eqinisweni nasethandweni. Kuye, izimfanelo ezifana nokukhohliswa, ukungathembeki, ukungathembeki njalonjalo azamukeleki.
Uma uhlala ngemithetho, kuzomele ulalele umphefumulo wakho, okuzokuvumela ukuba ukhethe indlela efanele ekuphileni. Kulolu daba, umuntu ngeke enze izenzo lapho kamuva azozizwa ehlazeka futhi enecala. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi unonembeza ohlanzekile, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi ezweni lanamuhla akulula ukuthola abantu abanomkhuba onjalo, ngoba kunezimo eziningi nezilingo empilweni uma uvele uwele umzila. Ukwakhiwa kwalesi simfanelo kuthonywe ngokuqondile ngumzali kanye nendawo esondelene nayo, lapho umntwana angathatha khona isibonelo.
Kungani abantu besenza unembeza?
Ukubiza impilo yanamuhla elula, akunakwenzeka, ngoba cishe nsuku zonke umuntu uhlangabezana nezilingo nezinkinga ezehlukene. Nakuba abantu abaningi bekwazi ukwenza ngokuvumelana nonembeza, ngezinye izikhathi abantu bawela umugqa. Isizathu sokuthi unembeza usukile, unomphumela wempikiswano. Ezimweni eziningi, umuntu uchitha izinkolelo zakhe ukuze anelise izifiso zakhe. Okunye okunye okumele kwenziwe kulokhu kungase kube imigomo yokuzibophezela, isifiso sokungahlali esixukwini, ukuzivikela ekuhlaselweni kwabanye nokunye.
Kuyini unembeza ozolile?
Uma umuntu ephila ngemithetho, eqonda ukulunga kokufeza imisebenzi yakhe siqu futhi engalimazi izenzo zomuntu, bakhuluma ngomqondo onjalo ngokuthi "unembeza" noma "unembeza" ohlanzekile. Kulokhu, lowo muntu akazizwa noma azi ukuthi yiziphi izenzo ezimbi. Uma umuntu ekhetha ukuba aphile ngonembeza, akumelwe ahlale ecabangela isikhundla sakhe kuphela, kodwa futhi umbono kanye nesimo salabo abaseduze naye. Izazi zengqondo zikholelwa ukuthi ukuzethemba unembeza wabo kungukuzenzisa noma kubonisa ubuwula ngokuphathelene namaphutha abo.
Kuyini unembeza omubi?
Okuphambene ngokuphelele nencazelo yangaphambilini, ngoba unembeza omubi ungomuzwa ongajabulisi ovele ngenxa yokwenza okubi, okubangela isimo sengqondo esibi nemicabango. Inembeza engcolile isondelene kakhulu nomqondo onjalo wecala, futhi umuntu wakhe uzizwa ezingeni lomzwelo, isibonelo, ngesimo sokwesaba, ukukhathazeka nokunye okungahambi kahle. Ngenxa yalokho, umuntu ubhekana nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene ngaphakathi kwakhe, futhi alalele izwi langaphakathi, isinxephezelo semiphumela emibi kwenzeka.
Kuyini ukuhlushwa unembeza?
Ukwenza izenzo ezimbi, umuntu uqala ukukhathazeka ngokuthi wakhathaza abanye. Ubuhlungu benembeza buyinto ephazamisayo ukuthi kubangelwa ukuthi abantu bavame ukuveza izidingo ezingenakuhambisana nezimo zabo. Izimfanelo zangaphakathi zangaphakathi zikhuliswe ebuntwaneni, lapho abazali bedunyiswa ngokuhle, futhi bebiwe kabi. Ngenxa yalokho, isikhathi esiphila ngaso sonke isikhathi, kusekhona ukwesaba okuthile kumuntu ngokujeziswa ngenxa yezenzo ezingalungile futhi esimweni esinjalo sokuthi ukuhlushwa unembeza.
Kukhona inguqulo eyodwa ngaphezulu, ngokusho ukuthi unembeza uwuhlobo luni ithuluzi elikala isilinganiso sezinto zangempela. Ngezinqumo ezifanele umuntu uthola ukwaneliseka, futhi ngokubi uhlushwa yicala. Kukholelwa ukuthi uma abantu bengalutholi ukukhathazeka okunjalo nhlobo, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokuzicabangela . Ososayensi abakakaze bakwazi ukunquma, ngenxa yalokho okungeke kube khona umuzwa wokuhlazeka nokuzithoba, ngakho-ke kukhona umbono wokuthi iphutha lonke imfundo engalungile noma izici ze-biological order.
Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma unembeza wami ungihlupha?
Kunzima ukuhlangana nomuntu ongaqinisekisa ukuthi akakaze enze izenzo ezimbi emlandweni wezinkolelo zakhe. Ukuzwa unecala kungaphazamisa isimo sengqondo, unganikeli ukujabulela ukuphila, ukuthuthukisa nokunye. Kukhona amacala lapho umuntu omdala esebe ngumqondisi owedlula kakhulu esimweni sokuziphatha futhi aqale ukukhumbula amaphutha esedlule bese izinkinga zomphefumulo wakhe zingeke zigwenywe. Kukhona amathiphu ambalwa okumele ukwenze uma unembeza uhlushwa.
- Awudingi ukuzama ukuvimbela izwi langaphakathi futhi kungcono ukuhlunga yonke into ukuze uthole ukuthula kwengqondo. Ngokuvamile amaphutha asiza ukudweba iziphetho zokugcwalisa izinto ezibalulekile.
- Mhlawumbe, sekuyisikhathi, usebenzisa isipiliyoni sokuphila okuhlangene, ukucubungula kabusha nokuhlola kabusha izimiso zomthetho zokuziphatha.
- Ukuze uqonde ukuthi unembeza ungakanani nokuthi ungavumelanisa kanjani nayo, kutuswa ukusebenzisa indlela ephumelela kakhulu - ukuphenduka nokuhlengwa. Abantu abaningi babalekela isikhathi eside kubo futhi bamukeleke ekutheni bangenwe icala, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu isimo. Into esemqoka ukuphenduka ukuthola indlela yokwenza izilungiso.
Indlela yokuthuthukisa unembeza kumuntu?
Ngokuqinisekile abazali kufanele bacabange ngendlela yokukhulisa umuntu omuhle ozokwazi ukuthi unembeza ungubani, nokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani ngendlela efanele. Kukhona izitayela eziningi zokukhulelwa futhi uma sikhuluma ngokweqile, khona-ke lokhu kunzima futhi kuvumelanise ukuvunywa. Inqubo yokwakha izimfanelo zangaphakathi ezibalulekile isekelwe ekuthembekeni okuphelele kubazali. Okubaluleke kakhulu yisigaba sokuchazwa, lapho abantu bebika ingane ukuthi kungani okuthile kungenziwa, kodwa into ayinakwenziwa.
Uma, ukuthuthukisa kanjani unembeza, uthande abantu abadala, khona-ke isimiso sesenzo sihlukile kakhulu. Okokuqala, kudingeka ucabange futhi uhlaziye ukuthi yiziphi izinqumo ezinhle nokuthi zimbi. Kubalulekile ukucacisa imbangela nemiphumela yabo. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi unembeza ungakanani nokuthi ungayithuthukisa kanjani le mfanelo, izazi zengqondo zincoma ukwenza okungenani isenzo esihle ngasinye nsuku zonke, okubalulekile ukuthi udumise wena.
Thola umthetho - ngaphambi kokunikeza isithembiso, cabanga ngokucophelela ukuthi uzokwenza yini. Ukuze ungazizwa unecala, kubalulekile ukuvimbela igama elinikeziwe. Ochwepheshe bacebisa ukuba bafunde ukuphika abantu abanikeza ukwenza okuthile okuphambene nezinkolelo ezikhona. Ukwenza ngokweqile, lokhu akusho ukwenza konke okwenzela abanye kuphela, ukukhohlwa ngemigomo yabo yokuphila kanye nezinto eziza kuqala. Ukwenza ngeqiniso, ungalindela ukuthola umphumela oyokwanelisa bonke abahlanganyeli.