Ekuqaleni, lesi sigama sabantu sasisakazeke emithi. Ngesikhathi sokuqala ambivalence yaqala ukubonga ngenxa yesifo sengqondo saseFrance eBleuler ngawo-1900. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lo mqondo waqala ukusetshenziselwa imibono ye-psychoanalytic kanye nemisebenzi kaSigmund Freud.
Kuyini ukuhlelwa kwe-ambivalence?
Ukukhathazeka kuyisifungo emqondweni womuntu ngobuhlobo nento futhi lokhu kungenxa yokuhlangenwe nakho, noma ubuhlobo obunamacala amabili, isihloko somuntu nokunye okunye. Isimo lapho imizwa emibili ephikisana nayo ingahlala khona. Ukuze ufunde ngokugcwele umqondo wokungahlali kahle, kubalulekile ukuwucabangela kusukela ekubukeni kwengqondo nokugula kwengqondo.
Kuyini ukushayisana kwamakhono okusebenza kwengqondo?
Uma singayinaki, iqiniso lokuthi i-ambivalence yegama ekuqaleni yayisetshenziswa kuphela enkampanini yezokwelapha, umbono wokuba nomoya wemicabango ehluke ngokuphelele emqondweni wengqondo uye waba yintandokazi kakhulu ekuguleni kwengqondo. Kusukela endaweni yokucabanga kwengqondo, umuntu ongenamuntu akagulanga, ngoba leli zwe lingathinta ngokuphelele noma yimuphi umuntu, umehluko kuphela ngezinga lokubonakaliswa kwesimo esinjalo. Ngokuvamile, ukuzithemba kwe-psychology kuyinto umuzwa wokungabi nalutho kunoma yini.
USigmund Freud wagomela ukuthi ukubonakaliswa okucacile kokubili kungabonakaliswa emazweni ahlukene we-neurotic, kubonakala esikhathini esithile sokuthuthukiswa komuntu. Kungani ama-psychoanalyst akhokha kakhulu lesi sici? Isisekelo sisekuqaleni kwesakhiwo se-superego yabantu. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemvelo zokuphila kanye nokufa okukhona kakade emqondweni womuntu kusukela ekuqalisweni kwayo, okuyiyona inkomba ebonakalayo ye-ambivalence.
Ukuqhubeka kulokhu, akukwazi ukufakazela ukuthi lesi simo singatholakala, noma kubangelwa izici ezithile, kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lapho kunezimo eziholela ekubumbeni, lesi simo singaba yingozi kakhulu futhi sibangele ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa kanye nemiphumela emibi. Izici ezithandekayo zingaba okulandelayo:
- umzamo wokushintsha ukuqonda, noma ukwandisa;
- ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-psychotropic, i-anesthesia, ukusetshenziswa kotshwala;
- izimo ezilimaza ingqondo yomuntu;
- ukucindezeleka okuhlukahlukene, ukucindezeleka.
Kukhona inguqulo eyaziwa ukuthi ngesikhathi esisodwa, imizwa noma imibono ekhona ephikisanayo ingangena esimweni sokungqubuzana, ngenxa yombuso owodwa ongayichitha omunye engqondweni. Ngenxa yalokhu, akuwona wonke umuntu okwazi ukubonisa ukungabi nalutho, okukhona engqondweni, lapho izimo ezingemnandi zivela khona.
Ukungahambi kahle kwefilosofi
Umqondo wobunye wefilosofi ubhekwa njengesithombe esibukweni emqondweni womuntu wezinqubo eziphikisanayo. Ukuzithemba kokubambisana kuhlanganisa umzabalazo ohlala phakathi kokuhle nokubi, ekuzalweni nasekufeni, othandweni kanye nenzondo. Njalo ngomzuzwana indoda iqhutshwa ezinkampanini ezimbalwa ngesikhathi esisodwa, okwenza ukukhetha, ukuzwa nokudala enye noma enye. Ukuphila komuntu kugcwele imizwa nezinqumo eziningi ezingavamile.
Ambivalence kanye nokufisa
Ambitendency kusho ukuhlukumeza okuyinkimbinkimbi yokuziphatha kwezimoto, okubhekwa ngokubambisana okuyingxenye yezenzo ezenzakalelayo, okubangelwa ukuthi akufanele, ukuziphatha okungavamile. Lesi simo sibonakala ikakhulu kubantu abano-schizophrenic ne-catatonic syndrome. Lokhu kungukuthi, inqubo engavamile ingaholela ekufisweni kwesifiso somuntu one-psychomotor disorder.
Izimbangela zokungabi nalutho
Izimbangela eziyinhloko zobumbano yizici ezikhethekile ezibonakala kubantu.
- Ukungakwazi ukwenza isinqumo. Ukuzikhethela phambi komuntu kubonakala kuyo yonke impilo, futhi isinqumo ngasinye sithinta imiphumela eminingi, kokubili okuhle nokubi. Abantu abazama ukugwema ukwenza izinqumo babhekana nezingxabano ezingeni le-psychomotional langaphakathi, okuholela ekubizeni.
- Ukungaqiniseki nokwesaba okungaqondakali kokwenza iphutha nakho kungabangela ukungabi nalutho.
- Ukucindezeleka okude isikhathi eside, ukucindezeleka, imizwelo emibi - konke lokhu kungabangela ukuphazamiseka okungahambi kahle.
Ambivalence ebuhlotsheni
Umuntu uyinto eyinkimbinkimbi lapho kungekho ukuvumelana phakathi kwemicabango, izenzo kanye nezifiso. Imizwa yabantu, ngokuyinhloko, ayinayo ubumbano nobunye. Singabhekana kanyekanye nemizwa emibili ephikisanayo kumuntu oyedwa. Abasho ngokungaqondile ukuthi: "Ngiyakuthanda futhi ngizonde" - kubonakala sengathi, umuntu angayithola kanjani ngesikhathi esifanayo?
Isimo sengqondo esingavamile singabonakaliswa ekuhlolweni okufanayo kwothando lomama kumntanakhe kanye nemizwa yentukuthelo nokucasuka ekukhathaleni, noma uthando lomyeni wakhe nenzondo ebangelwa umhawu. Ukuzizwa kwemizwa kungaba yinto evamile lapho kwenzeka ukuthi imizwelo ephikisanayo ivusa futhi iphakame kafushane, kuyilapho kunemizwa ethile emisiwe yento ethize, umuntu, noma isenzo.
Ambivalence ngokocansi
Okuhlangenwe nakho kwemvelo emibili ebusweni bezocansi kungabangelwa imigomo emisiwe yokuphila ngokocansi, okungavela khona ukuzwa okubangelwa imibono yezocansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imizwa engavamile ingabangelwa ubukhona besinezinkanyezi kanye nemicabango yokuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili. Ngesinye isikhathi umuntu angase afune okuthile "okuthakazelisayo," futhi isigamu esilandelayo simnike "i-peppercorn".
Ububi bobulili
Inkinga ukungaqiniseki komuntu ngobulili bakhe nokuzibandakanya ngokocansi. Akukho ukuqiniseka okukhonkolo emqondweni wengqondo - ngenxa yesizathu esithile, kungase kufike phakathi kwezincazelo zayo, kungaqapheli ukuthi iyiphi indlela okufanele ibe ngayo. Ukuziqhenya kokuziphatha kungabangelwa ukukhangwa kwesimo socansi kubo bobabili besilisa nabesilisa.
Ambivalence kokunamathiselwe
Okunamathiselwe okunamandla kuyinto uhlobo lokunamathiselwe, lapho ingane engaqiniseki khona imizwa yakhe ngomama, uyamqikaza, bese ezama ukumbamba, bese ephikisana nayo. Ukubonakaliswa okunjalo kungavela ngenxa yokungabi nethemba phakathi komama nengane yakhe. Imfundo yezingane ngokucindezela, ngokulinganiselwa okuphelele kanye nemikhawulo, ngaphandle kokubonakaliswa kwefudumalo, uthando nokukhathalela, kuholela ekuziphatheni komuntu okulandelanayo kumntwana ngokuphathelene nabazali.
Umphumela wendlela enjalo ingase ibe yinto ephikisanayo, ukunakekelwa ngokweqile kwabazali, ukungenelela esikhaleni somuntu siqu nokuqapha njalo, ngaphandle kwemingcele. Njengomphumela wale mfundo, ukungaboni kahle kungabonakala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuguga, umuntu uzoba:
- ukuzigxeka ngokwengeziwe;
- ungaqiniseki;
- ukungathembeki kwezwe elibazungezile;
- othembekile ebuhlotsheni.
Ambivalence - kanjani ukuqeda?
Ukukhathazeka - isenzakalo esivame ukuvela emqondweni womuntu ngokungacabangi futhi akubandakanyi nemiphumela. Kodwa-ke, uma ukuzwakalisa imizwelo, imizwa, kuletha ukungakhululeki ekukhulumisaneni nabanye abantu futhi ngokujwayelekile empilweni, khona-ke kufanele uthintane nochwepheshe. Ukwelashwa kwe-ambivalence kuqukethe izixazululo ezikhethiwe kahle, ngokusekelwe esimweni jikelele somuntu kanye nezimbangela zomsuka wokubili.
Ukwelashwa, izidakamizwa ezisebenza umsebenzi wokuvimbela isimo sezinkinga ze-psyche nokuqinisa isimo singasetshenziswa. Kunezimo lapho lesi sifo sithuthuka, kungase kube khona usongo empilweni yesiguli kanye nabanye, khona-ke ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe ezikliniki zengqondo. Ezimpawu zokuqala zokuzibandakanya, njengezibonakaliso zesimo somzimba, umuntu akufanele ahlanganyele ekuziphatheni, ngoba lokhu akukwazi nje ukuhluleka ukukhiqiza imiphumela emihle, kodwa futhi kukhulisa kakhulu isimo.
Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi ukuzungezeka kuyisici sesimo sengqondo somuntu, kubalulekile ukuqapha isimo sakho sengqondo, unake noma yiziphi izinguquko. Uma uqala ukuvakashela imibono ekhungathekile ongayikwazi ukuyikhipha eyedwa, khona-ke kudingeka udinga usizo kudokotela. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula ukukhomba lesi sifo ezinyathelweni zokuqala, okuzokwenza kube lula kakhulu ukwelashwa okulandelayo.