Enye yezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu emithini yezokwelapha i-oncology, kusukela maduzane, ngeshwa, amacala okuthola izicubu ezimbi ayenyuke kakhulu. Ukuze kutholakale ukuhlukunyezwa kokuqala komdlavuza, ukuhlaziywa kunconywa kubaqaphi-ukuthi lokhu akuyaziwa kuzo zonke iziguli, ngokuvamile lokhu kuqhutshwa kungalawulwa, futhi imiphumela yawo ayikwaziswa. Kodwa uma wenza kahle, ungagwema ukukhula nokuqhubeka kwezidumbu ezihlukahlukene, futhi uhlole ukusebenza kahle kwelashwa.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kubonisani kubanikazi bokuthi abathile?
Noma iyiphi i-neoplasm engavamile emzimbeni ifihla izinhlobo ezikhethekile zamaphrotheni ezihlanganiswa ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-oncomarkers. I-tumor ngayinye inezingqamuzana zayo ezithile, okwenza kube lula ukuyihlukanisa nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza nokuqhuba ukuxilongwa kokuqala kokuhlukana.
Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi ukuhlaziywa jikelele kwabanqamuli kubandakanya izinhlobo eziningana zamaprotheni:
- I-CA 19-9;
- B-2-MG;
- REA;
- I-AFP;
- I-CA 72-4;
- I-HCG;
- I-CA 125;
- I-PSA;
- I-NCE;
- I-CA 15-3;
- UBC;
- cPCA.
Ngamunye wala maqembu afanele ukukhomba izinhlobo ezithile zendawo yokuhlala kanye nesimo se-tumor. Ngakho-ke, udokotela onolwazi akalokothi akhethe ukutadisha bonke abaqaphi. Ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa, kukhona okwanele kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-3 izinhlobo zamaphrotheni ezihlanganiswayo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlaziywa okucutshungulwayo, kanye nezinzuzo, kunamaphutha amaningi:
- Kunezifo ezimbalwa kakhulu ezingahlobene nokuvuthwa kwe-oncology, okuyinto evusa ukwedlula ngokweqile amanani evamile abaqaphi.
- Ukungabikho kwamaprotheni egazini akusho ukuthi akukho isidumbu emzimbeni.
- Imiphumela yocwaningo incike ekusebenzeni kwesibindi nezinso.
- Abaqaphi baqondile kuphela uhlobo oluthile lwezicubu, hhayi isitho. Ngakho-ke, isibonakaliso esifanayo singathinta iziphuzo ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba.
- Kubalulekile ukuhlola njalo ukuxilongwa kwamaprotheni e-laboratory efanayo, mhlawumbe kumishini efanayo.
Ngenxa yezizathu ezingenhla, lolu cwaningo luyahambisana nezinye izindlela zokuxilonga - i-radiography, i-MRI, i-ultrasound.
Ungadlulisa kanjani ukuhlaziywa kwabaqaphi?
Njengomthetho, igazi elibizayo liyadingeka ukuze kuhlaziywe. Kuthathwa ngesisu esingenalutho, hhayi ngaphambi kwamahora angu-8 ngemuva kokudla.
Ngezinye izikhathi ama-onocomarkers ahlola umchamo. Leli ketshezi libuye linikeze ekuseni, ngaphambi kokudla kwasekuseni.
Izindlela zokuhlaziywa kwegazi ezinomsoco zezimpawu zokugcina izicubu
Ngisho kumuntu onempilo enhle, amaprotheni amakhemikhali ohlobo oluchazwe asemzimbeni. Ngakho-ke, ngayinye yazo imingcele yemingcele isethwe:
- I-CA 19-9 - angabi ngaphezu kuka-30 IU / ml;
- REA - kusuka ku-0 kuya ku-5 ng / ml;
- I-CA 242 - hhayi ngaphezu kuka-30 IU / ml;
- I-AFP - kuze kube ngu-5 IU / ml;
- I-CA 72-4 - angaphezu kuka-4 IU / ml;
- I-HCG - ayidluli 5 IU / l;
- I-CA 125 - 0 kuya ku-30 IU / ml;
- PSA - 0 kuya ku-4 IU / ml;
- B-2-MG - kusuka ku-660 kuya ku-2740 ng / ml;
- I-NCE - 0 kuya ku-15 ng / ml;
- CA 15-3 - 0 kuya ku-22 IU / ml;
- UBC - kusuka ku-0 kuya ku-15 ng / ml.
Ku-CSA, ukuhlaziywa kuyadingeka kuphela uma izinga le-PSA lingaphezu kwe-4 IU / ml. Ezimweni ezinjalo, iphesenti ye-CSA eya ePSA ibalwa.
Ukuchazwa kwemiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwabathengi abacatshangwayo
Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, uhlobo ngalunye lweprotheyini luhambisana nezinhlobo ezithile zezifo:
- I-PSA ne-cpsA - umdlavuza wesi-prostate;
- CA 19-9 - umdlavuza we-pancreatic ;
- I-CEA - umdlavuza wesisu, amaphaphu, i-rectum, i-colon. Futhi kubonisa izicubu ze-lacteal, thyroid, ama-pancreas, ama-ovaries;
- I-CA 242 - umdlavuza we-rectum nomathumbu omkhulu, ama-pancreas;
- I-AFP - umdlavuza wesibindi;
- I-CA 72-4 - umdlavuza wesisu, i-ovary;
- I-HCG - umdlavuza we-ovaria, isisu se-trophoblastic, umdlavuza we-testicular, i-choctic chorion carcinoma;
- I-CA 125 - umdlavuza wama-ovari;
- B-2-MG - I-B-cell lymphocytic leukemia, i-lymphoma, i- myeloma eminingi ;
- I-NSE - umdlavuza wamaphaphu, i-thyroid, ama-pancreas, i-neuroblastoma, ipheochromocytoma;
- I-CA 15-3 - umdlavuza webele, isilonda senyongo;
- UBC ngumdlavuza wesisu.